Ali ibn Abu Talib

Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib (Arabic: أبو طالب بن عبد المطلب ) known as (Arabic: أبوطالب Abu Talib) (d. 619) married to Fatima bint Asad and was an uncle of Muhammad and raised and supported him while he was a young man. He was a full brother of Muhammad's father Abdullah, who had died before Muhammad's birth. Abu Talib took care of Muhammad after the death of Muhammad's mother. Abu Talib also protected ...

Including:

• Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib - Succession

Read more here: » Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib: Encyclopedia - Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib

The Battle of Badr (Arabic بدر) on Friday, 17 Ramadhan 2 AH or January 13 624 CE, was a seminal event in the formative days of Islam. The battle is mentioned by name in the Qur'an (3.122) which is literally interpreted as, "And certainly Allah helped you at Badr and you were weak," in a context of warfare which is usually, as a whole, read to refer a different battle (Uhud) so that the understanding of 3.122 is that Allah supported Muslims previously at Badr and will support them again. The 8th sura, which does not name Badr, descr ...

Including:

• Battle of Badr - Introduction
• Battle of Badr - Preface to the battle
• Battle of Badr - Expeditions preceding the battle
• Battle of Badr - Peace treaties
• Battle of Badr - Banu Juhaina
• Battle of Badr - Banu Dumra
• Battle of Badr - Cattle
• Battle of Badr - Banu Mudlaj
• Battle of Badr - The Batn Bakhla affair
• Battle of Badr - The battle
• Battle of Badr - Aftermath
• Battle of Badr - Lists
• Battle of Badr - Muslim participants
• Battle of Badr - Meccan participants

Read more here: » Battle of Badr: Encyclopedia - Battle of Badr

Basra (also spelled Başrah or Basara; historically sometimes written Busra, Busrah, and the early form Bassorah; Arabic: البصرة, Al-Basrah) is the third largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of c. 1,377,000 (2003). It is the country's main port. Basra is the capital of the Basra province. The city is located along the Shatt al-Arab (Arvandrood) waterway near the Persian Gulf. Basra is 55 km from the Persian Gulf and 545 km fr ...

Including:

• Basra - Early history
• Basra - Basra in Islamic theology and scholarship
• Basra - Early literary mentions of Basra
• Basra - Second World War
• Basra - 1945-1990: peacetime and the Iran-Iraq War
• Basra - Persian Gulf War
• Basra - Iraq War and occupation
• Basra - Post-war Basra
• Basra - UK fighting against Iraqi police
• Basra - Bibliography

Read more here: » Basra: Encyclopedia - Basra

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam P ...

Including:

• Shi'a Islam - Etymology
• Shi'a Islam - Introduction
• Shi'a Islam - Demographics of Shi'a Islam
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a doctrines
• Shi'a Islam - Main Shi'a doctrines
• Shi'a Islam - Additional doctrines
• Shi'a Islam - The Shi'a denominations
• Shi'a Islam - Status of a Shi'a Imam
• Shi'a Islam - The role of religious scholars
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a and Sunni traditions
• Shi'a Islam - Collections of Hadiths from Shi'a sources include
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a Hadith
• Shi'a Islam - Religious calendar
• Shi'a Islam - History of the Shi'a
• Shi'a Islam - Historical Shi'a-Sunni relations
• Shi'a Islam - Major centers of Shi'a scholarship
• Shi'a Islam - Shi'a texts

Read more here: » Shi'a Islam: Encyclopedia - Shi'a Islam

His name was Shaiba ibn Hashim, but he became known as Abd-al-Muttalib ibn Hashim. His father was Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf and his mother was Salma bint Amr of the tribe of an-Najjar. When his father died, his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd al-Manaf succeeded his father. When Muttalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Banu Hashim clan. He was married to Fatimah bint Amr, and fathered many sons: Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam • Jihad Liberal Islam Vocabular ...

Including:

• Imam - Prayer Leader
• Imam - Clerical Imams
• Imam - Shia Imams
• Imam - Sunni Imams
• Imam - Theocratical Imams

Read more here: » Imam: Encyclopedia - Imam

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Poli ...

Including:

• Twelvers - Alternate names
• Twelvers - Theology
• Twelvers - Religious law the Sharia
• Twelvers - The concept of Imams and the Mahdi
• Twelvers - Hussein's martyrdom
• Twelvers - Some examples of Jafari jurisprudence differing from Sunni
• Twelvers - Declaration of faith
• Twelvers - Accepting a scholar's verdict
• Twelvers - Prayer
• Twelvers - One-fifth tax
• Twelvers - Marriage
• Twelvers - Schools of thought within the Twelvers

Read more here: » Twelvers: Encyclopedia - Twelvers

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Uthman - Biography
• Uthman - Sunni view of Uthman
• Uthman - Shi'a view of Uthman
• Uthman - Non-Muslims

Read more here: » Uthman: Encyclopedia - Uthman

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Poli ...

Including:

• Abu Bakr - Early life
• Abu Bakr - During the lifetime of Muhammad
• Abu Bakr - Rise to the Caliphate
• Abu Bakr - The Ridda Wars
• Abu Bakr - Expeditions to the north
• Abu Bakr - Origins of the Qur'an
• Abu Bakr - Death of Abu Bakr
• Abu Bakr - Was Abu Bakr the first man to adopt Islam?
• Abu Bakr - Shia view of Abu Bakr
• Abu Bakr - External link

Read more here: » Abu Bakr: Encyclopedia - Abu Bakr

In the spring of 624, Muhammad received word from his intelligence sources that a large trade caravan commanded by Abu Sufyan, one of the richest of the year and guarded by thirty-forty men, was travelling from Syria to Mecca. Because of the caravan's size, or perhaps because of the previous failures to intercept a caravan, Muhammad gathered an army of over 300 men, the largest army the Muslims had ever put in the field.[8] Not only did Muhammad command the army himself, he also brought many of his to ...

See also:

Battle of Badr, Battle of Badr - Background, Battle of Badr - Muhammad, Battle of Badr - The Ghazawāt, Battle of Badr - The March to Badr, Battle of Badr - The Muslim plan, Battle of Badr - The Meccan plan, Battle of Badr - The Battle, Battle of Badr - Aftermath, Battle of Badr - Casualties and prisoners, Battle of Badr - Consequences, Battle of Badr - Badr in the Quran, Battle of Badr - Badr in history, Battle of Badr - Important participants, Battle of Badr - Meccans, Battle of Badr - Muslims, Battle of Badr - Footnotes

Read more here: » Battle of Badr: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Badr - The March to Badr

Within Shi'ism, there are various sects that differ over the number of Imams, or path of succession. The issue of who is the rightful Imam has led to the growth of numerous sects within Shi'ism including: Twelvers (with Shaykhis), Ismailis (Seveners), Zaidis (Fivers), Alawites, Alevites, Druze, Ahl-e Haqq and others. Shi'a Imam - Ithna Ashariya. According to the majority of Shi'a, namely the Ithna Ashariya, or Twelvers, the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muhammad. Each Imam was the so ...

See also:

Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Imam - Sects, Shi'a Imam - Ithna Ashariya, Shi'a Imam - Ismailiya Ismailis, Shi'a Imam - Zaidhiya Zaidis, Shi'a Imam - Status

Read more here: » Shi'a Imam: Encyclopedia II - Shi'a Imam - Sects

List of mythical objects - Swords. Hrunting, the magical sword of Beowulf (Anglo-Saxon verse) Kusanagi-no-tsurugi (Japanese:草薙の剣) (also Ame no Murakamo no Tsurugi 天叢雲剣 or Tsumugari no Tachi 都牟刈の太刀), the sword of the Japanese god Susanoo (Japanese mythology) Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar (Persian: شمشیر زمردنگار) "The emerald-studded Sword" in the Persian mythical story Amir Arsalan. The hideous horned demon called Fulad ...

See also:

List of mythical objects, List of mythical objects - Armor, List of mythical objects - Headgear, List of mythical objects - Shields, List of mythical objects - Weapons, List of mythical objects - Swords, List of mythical objects - Polearms, List of mythical objects - Clothing, List of mythical objects - Vehicles, List of mythical objects - Airborne, List of mythical objects - Boats, List of mythical objects - Chariots, List of mythical objects - Treasure, List of mythical objects - Relics, List of mythical objects - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » List of mythical objects: Encyclopedia II - List of mythical objects - Weapons

Upon the death of Ali at Kufa, the Muslim garrison town in what is now southern Iraq, a number of Ali's Kufan supporters swore allegiance to Hasan as caliph. This threatened the ambitious Muawiyah, who been fighting Ali for the caliphate. Mu'awiya summoned all the commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan to join him in preparation for war. He also attempted to negotiate with Hasan, sending the young heir letters asking him to give up his claim. If he could persuad Hasan to renounce his claim to the caliphate, then Muawiy ...

See also:

Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan ibn Ali - His birth and family life, Hasan ibn Ali - The Caliphate, Hasan ibn Ali - Was he a Sunni Caliph?, Hasan ibn Ali - Retirement to Medina, Hasan ibn Ali - Three hundred concubines?, Hasan ibn Ali - His death, Hasan ibn Ali - Notes and References

Read more here: » Hasan ibn Ali: Encyclopedia II - Hasan ibn Ali - The Caliphate

Husayn's father Ali was caliph from to 661 CE. He faced continual challenges to his rule, and died, killed by an assassin, in the city of Kufa. Ali's followers proclaimed his eldest son Hasan as caliph. Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, had fought Ali for the leadership of the empire and now prepared to fight Hasan. Their forces were drawn up for battle when Hasan decided that it was better for all if he were to submit rather than fight. He submitted to Muawiyah, who became the first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. Hasan retired to Medina, in w ...

See also:

Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali - Family life, Husayn ibn Ali - Ali's caliphate and the claims of his sons, Husayn ibn Ali - The Battle of Karbala, Husayn ibn Ali - Burial, Husayn ibn Ali - The Penitents, Husayn ibn Ali - Contemporary Shi'a views of Husayn, Husayn ibn Ali - Sayings attributed to Husayn, Husayn ibn Ali - Succession

Read more here: » Husayn ibn Ali: Encyclopedia II - Husayn ibn Ali - Ali's caliphate and the claims of his sons

Muhammad died in the city of Medina in 632 CE. In the ten years between the Hijra (the flight of the small Muslim community from Mecca to Medina) to the death of Muhammad, Islam had grown by leaps and bounds. It had become the greatest power in the Arabian peninsula. The question of who was to succeed Muhammad was thus both a religious and a political question. Shi'a Muslims believe that Muhammad had settled the question before his death, by indicating that he wanted Fatima's husband Ali as his successor. The majority Sunni Muslims be ...

See also:

Al Muhsin, Al Muhsin - The death of Muhammad, Al Muhsin - Pressure against the Rafidi, Al Muhsin - The pillaging of Ali's house, Al Muhsin - Who is right?, Al Muhsin - Sources

Read more here: » Al Muhsin: Encyclopedia II - Al Muhsin - The death of Muhammad

Soon Islam became announced by Muhammad, saying that none deserves to be worshipped or adored except the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. Muhammad called for an end to injustice and oppression and sharply criticised the practices of the rich in accumulating wealth at the expense of the poor and the outcast. Muhammad denounced aristocratic privileges and attitudes and called for a new order based on respect for human dignity and compassion for the underprivileg ...

See also:

Khabbab ibn al-Aratt, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - Early life, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - Islam, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - Medina, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - After Muhammad, Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - Last part of his life

Read more here: » Khabbab ibn al-Aratt: Encyclopedia II - Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - Islam

(This list is not exhaustive nor representative of the Sunni/Shi'a dispute on religious jurisprudence) Twelvers - Declaration of faith. Both Shi'a and Sunni believe that anyone who declares in public; "There is no god but God (Allah), and Muhammad is his messenger" and believes in it is to be considered a Muslim. Though some Shi'ites add: "...and Ali is the servant of God, and the heir of the messenger (wa ...

See also:

Twelvers, Twelvers - Alternate names, Twelvers - Theology, Twelvers - Religious law the Sharia, Twelvers - The concept of Imams and the Mahdi, Twelvers - Hussein's martyrdom, Twelvers - Some examples of Jafari jurisprudence differing from Sunni, Twelvers - Declaration of faith, Twelvers - Accepting a scholar's verdict, Twelvers - Prayer, Twelvers - One-fifth tax, Twelvers - Marriage, Twelvers - Schools of thought within the Twelvers

Read more here: » Twelvers: Encyclopedia II - Twelvers - Some examples of Jafari jurisprudence differing from Sunni

Abu Bakr was born in Mecca (Makkah), a Quraishi of the Banu Taim clan. According to early Muslim historians, he was a merchant, and highly esteemed as a judge, as an interpreter of dreams, and as one learned in Meccan traditions. He was one of the last people anyone would have expected to convert to the faith preached by his kinsman Muhammad. Yet he was one of the first converts to Islam and instrumental in converting many of ...

See also:

Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr - Early life, Abu Bakr - During the lifetime of Muhammad, Abu Bakr - Rise to the Caliphate, Abu Bakr - The Ridda Wars, Abu Bakr - Expeditions to the north, Abu Bakr - The Qur'an, Abu Bakr - Death, Abu Bakr - First man to adopt Islam?, Abu Bakr - Shia view, Abu Bakr - External link

Read more here: » Abu Bakr: Encyclopedia II - Abu Bakr - Early life

Imam - Shia Imams. In the Shia context, Imam has a meaning more central to belief. The Shia believe that The Imam is someone that is able to lead mankind in all aspects of life. In addition they believe that an Imam is a perfect example in everything. According to Shia, an Imam is a leader that must be followed since he is appointed by Allah (GOD). The Shia interpretation is that the Quran clearly says that only God can appoint an Imam and no one else has the power to designate one. The incident of Ghadeer-e-Khum is referenced as when Muhammad declared Ali as ...

See also:

Imam, Imam - Prayer Leader, Imam - Clerical Imams, Imam - Shia Imams, Imam - Sunni Imams, Imam - Theocratical Imams

Read more here: » Imam: Encyclopedia II - Imam - Clerical Imams

Shaykh Ahmad appointed a successor, Siyyid Kázim, who led the Shaykhis until his death. Siyyid Kazim said that he would not live to see the Promised One, but, according to the Bábís, his appearance was so imminent that Siyyid Kazim appointed no successor, instead instructing his followers to spread across the land and search him out. One of his most noted followers, Mullá Husayn said: "Our departed teacher insistently exhorted us to forsake our homes, to scatter far and wide, in quest of the promised Beloved... Regarding the ...

See also:

Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i, Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i - Shaykhi teachings, Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i - Successorship, Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i - Successor of Siyyid Kázim

Read more here: » Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i: Encyclopedia II - Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i - Successorship