Alhambra Decree was issued in 1492 by the Catholic monarchs, (Isabella of Castile married to Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469), of Spain, following the final triumph over the Moors after the fall of Granada. The decree ordered the expulsion of all Jews from Spain and its territories and possessions by July 31, 1492 (Tisha B'Av). It is as a result of this expulsion that the Sephardim (Spanish Jews) dispersed throughout the Maghreb and south-eastern Europe, intermingling in many places with the Mizrachi (Oriental Jews) communities. See the ap ...

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Alhambra decree - Translated text of the Alhambra Decree

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Alhambra, Alhambra - Overview, Alhambra - History, Alhambra - Setting, Alhambra - A tour of the Alhambra, Alhambra - Miscellaneous

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The situation of the Alhambra is one of rare natural beauty; the plateau commands a wide view of the city and plain of Granada, towards the west and north, and of the heights of the Sierra Nevada, towards the east and south. Moorish poets described it as "a pearl set in emeralds," in allusion to the brilliant colour of its buildings, and the luxuriant woods round them. The park (Alameda de la Alhambra), which in spring is overgrown with wild-flowers and grass, was planted by the Moors with roses, oranges and myrtles; its most characteristic ...

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Alhambra, Alhambra - Overview, Alhambra - History, Alhambra - Setting, Alhambra - A tour of the Alhambra, Alhambra - Miscellaneous

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The Alhambra (Red Castle) (in Arabic الحمراء) is an ancient palace and fortress complex of the Moorish monarchs of Granada, in southern Spain (known as Al-Andalus when the fortress was constructed), occupying a hilly terrace on the south-eastern border of the city of Granada. Alhambra - Overview. This terrace or plateau, which measures about 740 m (2430 ft) in length by 205 m (674 ft) at its greatest width, extends from W.N.W. to E.S.E., and covers an area of about 142,000 m². It is encl ...

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Alhambra - Overview Alhambra - History Alhambra - Setting Alhambra - A tour of the Alhambra Alhambra - Miscellaneous

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The Moorish portion of the Alhambra resembles many medieval Christian strongholds in its threefold arrangement as a castle, a palace and a residential annexe for subordinates. The Alcazaba or citadel, its oldest part, is built on the isolated and precipitous foreland which terminates the plateau on the north-west. Only its massive outer walls, towers and ramparts are left. On its watch-tower, the Torre de la Vela, 25 m (85 ft high), the flag of Ferdinand and Isabella was first raised, in token of the Spanish conquest of Granada, on Ja ...

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Alhambra, Alhambra - Overview, Alhambra - History, Alhambra - Setting, Alhambra - A tour of the Alhambra, Alhambra - Miscellaneous

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Abravanel was a pupil of Joseph Hayyim, rabbi of Lisbon. Well versed in rabbinic literature and in the learning of his time, he devoted his early years to the study of Jewish philosophy. When only twenty years old he wrote on the original form of the natural elements, on religious questions, on prophecy, etc. His political abilities also attracted attention while he was still young. He entered the service of King Alfonso V of Portugal as treasure ...

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Isaac Abrabanel, Isaac Abrabanel - Biography, Isaac Abrabanel - Works, Isaac Abrabanel - Philosophy, Isaac Abrabanel - Apologetics, Isaac Abrabanel - Others, Isaac Abrabanel - External link

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His works may be divided into three classes, referring to: exegesis, such as his commentary upon the entire Bible with the exception of the Hagiographa; philosophy, dealing with philosophy in general and particularly with that of the Jewish religion; apologetics, in defense of the Jewish doctrine of the Messiah. Isaac Abrabanel - Philosophy. Many of Abravanel's Jewish predecessors in the realm of philosophy were the subject of his criticisms. Men like Albalag, Palquera ...

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Isaac Abrabanel, Isaac Abrabanel - Biography, Isaac Abrabanel - Works, Isaac Abrabanel - Philosophy, Isaac Abrabanel - Apologetics, Isaac Abrabanel - Others, Isaac Abrabanel - External link

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The many Marranos (in the Balearic Islands, Chuetas), who publicly professed Catholicism but privately adhered to Judaism during the Spanish Inquisition, and particularly after the Alhambra decree of 1492, are the most widely known crypto-Jews. Officially they were known as "New Christians," and there was considerable legislation directed against them in both Spain and Portugal and in their colonies, the chief activity of the ...

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Crypto-Judaism, Crypto-Judaism - Europe, Crypto-Judaism - Chuetas, Crypto-Judaism - North America, Crypto-Judaism - Central South America and Caribbean

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A Sephardi is a Jew originating in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal: ספרד, Standard Hebrew Səfárad, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄áraḏ / Səp̄āraḏ), including those subject to expulsion from Spain by order of the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabel (as codified in the Alhambra decree of 1492), or from Portugal by order of King Manuel I in 1497. Historically, Sephardim are those Jews associated with the Iberian peninsu ...

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Sephardi Jews, Sephardi Jews - Definition, Sephardi Jews - Distribution, Sephardi Jews - Language, Sephardi Jews - Early History, Sephardi Jews - Sephardim under Islam, Sephardi Jews - Later History and Culture, Sephardi Jews - Names, Sephardi Jews - Other Sephardic Pedigrees, Sephardi Jews - Congregations, Sephardi Jews - Relationship to other Jews, Sephardi Jews - Sephardic Chief Rabbis in Israel, Sephardi Jews - Medicine, Sephardi Jews - Notes

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Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; people who practice crypto-Judaism are referred to as "crypto-Jews". The term crypto-Jew is also used to describe descendants of Jews who still (generally secretly) maintain some Jewish traditions, often while adhering to other faiths, most commonly Catholicism. Crypto-Judaism - Europe. The many Marranos (in the Balearic Islands, Chuetas), who publicly professed Catholicism but privately adhered to Judaism du ...

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Crypto-Judaism - Europe Crypto-Judaism - North America Crypto-Judaism - Central, South America and Caribbean

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Israel: nn Europe: nn South Africa: nn Oceania: nn   • Ashkenazi Jews   • Mizrahi Jews   • Other Jewish groups Sephardi Jews (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm< ...

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Sephardi Jews - Definition Sephardi Jews - Distribution Sephardi Jews - Language Sephardi Jews - Early History Sephardi Jews - Sephardim under Islam Sephardi Jews - Later History and Culture Sephardi Jews - Names Sephardi Jews - Congregations Sephardi Jews - Relationship to other Jews Sephardi Jews - Medicine Sephardi Jews - Notes

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Israel: nn Europe: nn South Africa: nn Oceania: nn   • Ashkenazi Jews   • Mizrahi Jews   • Other Jewish groups Sephardi Jews (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm< ...

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Sephardi Jews - Definition Sephardi Jews - Distribution Sephardi Jews - Language Sephardi Jews - Early History Sephardi Jews - Sephardim under Islam Sephardi Jews - Later History and Culture Sephardi Jews - Names
Sephardi Jews - Other Sephardic Pedigrees
Sephardi Jews - Congregations Sephardi Jews - Relationship to other Jews Sephardi Jews - Medicine Sephardi Jews - Notes

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Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; people who practice crypto-Judaism are referred to as "crypto-Jews". The term crypto-Jew is also used to describe descendants of Jews who still (generally secretly) maintain some Jewish traditions, often while adhering to other faiths, most commonly Catholicism. Crypto-Judaism - Europe. The many Marranos (in the Balearic Islands, Chuetas), who publicly professed Catholicism but privately adhered to Judaism du ...

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Crypto-Judaism - Europe
Crypto-Judaism - Chuetas
Crypto-Judaism - North America Crypto-Judaism - Central South America and Caribbean

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Catalanic, also called Qatalanit (קאטאלנית) or the more scholarly Judæo-Catalan, was a Jewish language, formerly spoken by the Jewish communities of northeastern Spain, especially in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. Linguistically, it shared many features in common with early Shuadit (Judæo-Provençal), although historically, ethnically and politically, the Catalanic-speaking community was long distinct from the Shuadit-speaking community, mostly as a result of the Moorish occupation of Iberian penins ...

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Catalanic language - Reference

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Catalanic, also called Qatalanit (קאטאלנית) or the more scholarly Judæo-Catalan, was a Jewish language, formerly spoken by the Jewish communities of northeastern Spain, especially in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. Linguistically, it shared many features in common with early Shuadit (Judæo-Provençal), although historically, ethnically and politically, the Catalanic-speaking community was long distinct from the Shuadit-speaking community, mostly as a result of the Moorish occupation of Iberian penins ...

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Catalanic language - Reference

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Because of the independence of local communities, Jewish "ethnicities", even when they circumscribe differences in liturgy, language, cuisine and other cultural accoutrements, are more often a reflection of geographic and historical isolation from other communities. It is for this reason that communities are referred to by referencing the historical region in which the community cohered when discussing their practices, regardless of where those practices are found today. The Jewish communities of the modern world can all be found represented today in Israel, ...

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Jewish ethnic divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - History, Jewish ethnic divisions - In Israel, Jewish ethnic divisions - Divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - Europe and the Caucasus, Jewish ethnic divisions - Middle East and Central Asia, Jewish ethnic divisions - Africa, Jewish ethnic divisions - India and China, Jewish ethnic divisions - Americas

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Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Early history. This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in 10th century. Travelling along the trade routes leading eastwards to Kiev and Bukhara, the Jewish merchants (who included the Radhanites) also crossed the areas of Silesia. One of them, a diplomat and merchant from the Moorish town of Tortosa in Al-Andalus, known under his Arabic name Ibrahim ib ...

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Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Early period: 966-1385, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Early history, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Early persecutions: 1266-1279, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Prosperity in a Reunited Poland: 1320-1385, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - The Jagiellon era: 1385-1572, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Persecutions of 1385-1492, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Influx of Jews fleeing persecution: 1492-1548, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Golden Age Under Sigismund and Sigusmund II, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572-1795, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Jewish learning and culture during the early Polish-Lithuanian Commonweath, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - The beginning of decline, Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Cossacks' Uprising

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With the victory of Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, the lives of the Sephardim changed dramatically. In spite of the stigma attached to being dhimmis (non-Moslem members of monotheistic faiths) under Moslem rule, the coming of the Moors was by-and-large welcomed by the Jews of Iberia. Both Moslem and Christian sources tell us that Jews provided valuable aid to the invaders. Once captured, the defense of Cordoba was left in the hands of Jews, and Granada, Málaga, Seville, and Toledo were left to a mixed army of Jews and Moors. The Chro ...

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History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link

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Between the expulsion of the Jews in 1290 and their formal return in 1655, there is no official trace of Jews as such on English soil except in connection with the Domus Conversorum, which kept a number of them within its precincts up to 1551 and even later. An attempt was made to obtain a revocation of the edict of expulsion as early as 1310, but in vain. Notwithstanding, a certain number of them appear to have come back; for complaints were made to the king in 1376 that some o ...

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Edict of Expulsion, Edict of Expulsion - 220 years of difficulties, Edict of Expulsion - The Intermediate Period, Edict of Expulsion - External link

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History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early history. The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century. Travelling along the trade routes leading eastwards to Kiev and Bukhara, the Jewish merchants also crossed the areas of Silesia. One of them, a diplomat and merchant from the Moorish town of Tortosa in Al-Andalus, known under his Arabic name Ibrahim ibn Jakub was the first chronicler to mention the Polish state under the rule of prince Mieszko I. The first actual mention of Jews in ...

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History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early period: 966-1385, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early history, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Early persecutions: 1266-1279, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Prosperity in a Reunited Poland: 1320-1385, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - The Jagiellon era: 1385-1572, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Persecutions of 1385-1492, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Influx of Jews fleeing persecution: 1492-1548, History of the Jews in Poland 966-1572 - Golden Age Under Sigismund and Sigusmund II

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