Alexander the Great (in Greek Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, transliterated Megas Alexandros; born in Pella, Macedon, in July, 356 BC, died in Babylon, on June 10, 323 BC), King of Macedon 336–323 BC, is arguably the most successful military commander in world history, conquering most of the known world before his death. Alexander is also known in the Zoroastrian Middle Persian work Arda Wiraz Nāmag as "the accursed Alexander" due to his conquest of the ...

Including:

Alexander the Great - Early life
Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedon
Alexander the Great - Period of conquests
Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire Alexander the Great - The invasion of India Alexander the Great - After India
Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela
Alexander the Great - Infantry Alexander the Great - Cavalry
Alexander the Great - Death Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire Alexander the Great - Timeline Alexander the Great - Alexander's character
Alexander the Great - Stories and legends
Alexander the Great - Ancient sources Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend
Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources
Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media Alexander the Great - Note

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Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

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Alexander was a legend in his own time. His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. Writing after Alexander's death, another participant, Onesicritus, went so far as to invent a tryst between Alexander and Thalestris, queen of the mythical Amazons. When Onesicritus read this passage to his patron, Alexander's general and later King Lysimachus, Lysimac ...

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Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great - Early life, Alexander the Great - The ascent of Macedonia, Alexander the Great - Period of conquests, Alexander the Great - The defeat of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great - The invasion of India, Alexander the Great - After India, Alexander the Great - Alexander's marriages and sexuality, Alexander the Great - The army of Alexander the Great before the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great - Infantry, Alexander the Great - Cavalry, Alexander the Great - Death, Alexander the Great - Legacy and division of the empire, Alexander the Great - Timeline, Alexander the Great - Alexander's character, Alexander the Great - Stories and legends, Alexander the Great - Ancient sources, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend, Alexander the Great - Alexander's legend in non-Western sources, Alexander the Great - Main towns founded by Alexander, Alexander the Great - Alexander in popular media, Alexander the Great - Note

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The Western Roman Empire is the name given to the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286 AD. It would exist intermittently in several periods between the 3rd Century and the 5th Century, after Diocletian's Tetrarchy and the reunifications associated with Constantine the Great. Theodosius the Great was the last Roman Emperor who ruled both east and west, and he died in 395 AD. After him the Roman Empire was definitably divided and the Western Roman Empire ended with the abdication of Romulus Augustus under pressur ...

Including:

Western Roman Empire - Early Cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division Western Roman Empire - The origins of the theological Great East-West Schism Western Roman Empire - Permanent division Western Roman Empire - Economic factors Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

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The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over the division of Alexander's empire. There were over 30 kings of the Seleucid dynasty from 323 to 60 BC. Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC. Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hellenized culture without adult heir. Therefore his generals ...

Including:

Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain
Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC
Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers Seleucid Empire - In modern media

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Cyrus II of Persia, also known as Cyrus the Great or Cyrus the Elder, (ca. 576 or 590 – July 529 BC), founded the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Anshan by unifying two Iranian tribes: the Medes and the Persians. In two historical documents discovered in Babylon and Ur Cyrus identifies himself as the "King of Iran". Cyrus is the first king whose name was suffixed with the word "Great" (or Vazraka in Old Persian), a title adopted by his Acheamenid successors as well as by the overthrower of ...

Including:

Cyrus the Great - Background Cyrus the Great - The king of Persia
Cyrus the Great - Cyrus' wars Cyrus the Great - Administration of the Empire Cyrus the Great - The Cyrus Cylinder Cyrus the Great - Death of Cyrus
Cyrus the Great - Legacy Cyrus the Great - Sources

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Alexander Keiller (1889–1955) was an archaeologist and businessman who worked on the site at Avebury in Wiltshire. He was heir to a Dundee marmalade business. His family company, James Keiller & Sons, was established in 1797 and exported marmalade and confectionary across the British Empire. When Keiller was nine, his father died making him sole heir to the great marmalade fortune. He was sent to Hazelwood preparatory school at Limpsfield in Surrey, and then went on to Eton College. When he was 17 his mother died ...

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Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόντων (Greek: King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers) The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain s ...

Including:

Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness Byzantine Empire - Origin Byzantine Empire - Early history Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival Byzantine Empire - Golden era Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

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An empire (also known technically, abstractly or disparagingly as an imperium, and with powers known among Romans as "imperium") comprises a set of regions locally ruled by governors, viceroys or client kings in the name of an emperor. By extension, one could classify as an empire any large, multi-ethnic state ruled from a single center. Like other states, an empire maintains its political structure at least partly by coercion. Land-based empires (such as Mongol or Achaemenid Persia) tend to extend in a contiguous area; sea-bor ...

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Empire - European Imperialism Empire - Imperialism Empire - Modern empires Empire - Historical empires with approximate dates Empire - Notes Empire - External link

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The Gates of Alexander were a mythical barrier supposedly built by Alexander the Great in the Caucasus to keep the uncivilized barbarians of the north, often identified as Gog and Magog, from invading the land to the south. The gates were a popular subject in medieval travel literature, starting with the Alexander Romance in a version from perhaps the 6th century AD. The wall has been frequently identified with ...

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Gates of Alexander - The Caspian Gates at Derbent

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Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, Baron von Humboldt, (September 14, 1769, Berlin–May 6, 1859, Berlin), was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt. Alexander von Humboldt - Introduction. Alexander von Humboldt - Brief description of Humboldt's travels. Between 1799 and 1804, von Humboldt travelled South and Central America, exploring and describing it from a scientific point of view for the ...

Including:

Alexander von Humboldt - Introduction
Alexander von Humboldt - Brief description of Humboldt's travels Alexander von Humboldt - Species and places named after Humboldt Alexander von Humboldt - The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Alexander von Humboldt - Dedications and recognitions
Alexander von Humboldt - Humboldt's life and travels
Alexander von Humboldt - Early life and education Alexander von Humboldt - Travels and work in Europe Alexander von Humboldt - The Latin American expedition Alexander von Humboldt - Achievements of the Latin American expedition Alexander von Humboldt - Humboldt acclaimed Alexander von Humboldt - Explorations in Russia Alexander von Humboldt - Humboldt as diplomat Alexander von Humboldt - The Kosmos Alexander von Humboldt - Illness and death Alexander von Humboldt - Personal life
Alexander von Humboldt - Publications
Alexander von Humboldt - Biographies Alexander von Humboldt - Humboldt's correspondence

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Alexander Hales (also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius; called Doctor Irrefragabilis and Theologorum Monarcha) was a scholastic theologian. He was born at Hales, Gloucestershire, England, and died in Paris on August 21, 1245. He was educated in the monastery at Hales, studied and lectured at Paris, acquired great fame as a teacher in theology, and entered the Franciscan order in 1222. Alexander was the first to write a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, before him theolog ...

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Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American politician, statesman, journalist, lawyer, and soldier. One of the United States' most prominent and brilliant early constitutional lawyers, he was an influential delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention and the principal author of the Federalist Papers, which successfully defended the U.S. Constitution to skeptical New Yorkers. He also put the new United States of America onto a sound economic footing as its first and most influential Secretary of t ...

Including:

Alexander Hamilton - Early years Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton - Hamilton as an industrialist Alexander Hamilton - Out of the Cabinet Alexander Hamilton - Duel with Aaron Burr Alexander Hamilton - Quotations Alexander Hamilton - Hamilton and modern politics Alexander Hamilton - Writings Alexander Hamilton - Hamilton College Alexander Hamilton - Scholarly Secondary Sources Alexander Hamilton - Primary Sources

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Thanks to his friendship with the Grand Khan, Alexander was installed as the Grand Prince of Vladimir (i.e., the supreme Russian ruler) in 1252. A decade later, Alexander died in a town of Gorodets-on-the-Volga on his way back from Sarai, the capitol of the Golden Horde. He was buried in Vladimir and canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1547. In the late 13th century, a chronicle was compiled called Alexander Nevsky’s Life (Житие Александра Невского), in which he is depicted as an ideal pr ...

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Alexander Nevsky, Alexander Nevsky - Great victories, Alexander Nevsky - Politician, Alexander Nevsky - Alexander's legacy

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Following the overthrow of the Median Empire, all of what is today Azerbaijan was invaded by the Persian king Cyrus in the 6th century BCE. This earliest Persian Empire had a profound impact upon local population as the religion of Zoroastrianism became ascendant as did various early Persian cultural influences. Many of the local peoples of Caucasian Albania came to be known as fire worshippers, which may be a sign of their Zoroastrian faith. This empire was also quite short-lived and was conquered barely two centuries later by Alexan ...

See also:

History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005

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Cyrus was distinguished no less as statesman than as a soldier. His statesmanship was particularly evident in his treatment of newly conquered peoples. By pursuing a policy of generosity instead of repression, and by favoring local religions, he was able to make his new subjects into enthusiastic supporters. A good example of this policy is his treatment of the Jews in Babylon. The Bible records that a remnant of the Jewish population returned to the Promised Land from Babylon, following an edict from Cyrus to rebuild the Temple, fully repro ...

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Cyrus the Great, Cyrus the Great - Background, Cyrus the Great - The king of Persia, Cyrus the Great - Cyrus' wars, Cyrus the Great - Administration of the Empire, Cyrus the Great - The Cyrus Cylinder, Cyrus the Great - Death of Cyrus, Cyrus the Great - Legacy, Cyrus the Great - Sources

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The legacies of the colonial global empires cannot be escaped today. It can be seen in the spread of western languages, culture, religion, institutions and peoples (western and non western) around the world. They also had a great effect upon western culture as the flood of knowledge about the world overturned medieval notions. This not only transformed how Europeans thought about the world but also how they thought about themselves as they learned of the foreign cultures they encountered abroad. One simple example of the legacy of these empi ...

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Global empire, Global empire - History, Global empire - Legacy, Global empire - Global Empires, Global empire - Related Links

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Born in Pereslavl-Zalessky, Alexander was the fourth son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and seemed to have no chance of claiming the throne of Vladimir. In 1236, however, he was summoned by the Novgorodians to become kniaz' (or prince) of Novgorod and, as their military leader, to defend their northwest lands from Swedish and German invaders. After the Swedish army had landed at the confluence of rivers Izhora and Neva, Alexander and his small army suddenly attacked the Swedes on July 15, 1240 and defeated them. The Neva battle of 1240 sav ...

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Alexander Nevsky, Alexander Nevsky - Great victories, Alexander Nevsky - Politician, Alexander Nevsky - Alexander's legacy

Read more here: » Alexander Nevsky: Encyclopedia II - Alexander Nevsky - Great victories

Orientalists, studying ancient Christian legends about Alexander the Great, have come to conclude that the Qur'an's stories about Dhul-Qarnayn closely parallel certain legends about Alexander the Great found in ancient Hellenistic and Christian writings. There is some archeological evidence to identify the Arabic epithet "Dhul-Qarnayn" with Alexander the Great. There is also a long history of monotheistic religions coopting the historical Alexander. This leads to the theologically controversial co ...

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Alexander in the Qur'an Theory, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Dhul-Qarnayn in the Qur'an, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Dhul-Qarnayn in early Islamic literature, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Similarities to Alexander the Great, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Historical background on religious Alexander legends, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - The two-horned one, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - The Caspian Gates, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Gog and Magog, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - The rising of the Sun from the fetid sea, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Alexander's travels, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Muslim veneration of Alexander the Great, Alexander in the Qur'an Theory - Theological controversy

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Several states claiming to be the Roman Empire's successor arose, before as well as after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The Holy Roman Empire, an attempt to resurrect the Empire in the West, was established in 800 when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, though the empire and the imperial office did not become formalized for some decades. After the fall of Constantinople, the Russian Empire, as inheritor of the Byzantine Empire's Orthodox Christian tradition, counted itself as the th ...

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Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324 and Constantine the Great 324-337, Roman Empire - The Empire after Constantine 337–395, Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - The Empire becoming Christian, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - The End of the Western Empire 395–476, Roman Empire - The Byzantine Empire 395–1461, Roman Empire - Legacy of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

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