Alexander Severus

Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexandrus (October 1, 208- March 18?, 235), commonly called Alexander Severus, Roman emperor from 222 to 235, was born at Arca Caesarea in Palestine. His father, Gessius Marcianus, held office more than once as an imperial procurator; his mother, Julia Mamaea, was the daughter of Julia Maesa and the aunt of Elagabalus (also called "Heliogabalus"). His original name was Bassianus, but he changed it in 221 when his grandmother, Maesa, persuaded the emperor Elagabalus to adopt his cousin as successo ...

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• Alexander Severus - External link

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Abracadabra is a word used as an incantation, considered by some to be the phrase that is pronounced most universally in other languages without translation. The word is now commonly used as an incantation by stage magicians. In ancient times, however, it was taken much more seriously as an incantation to be used as a cure against fevers and inflammations. The first known mention was in De Medicina Praecepta by Serenus Sammonicus, physician to the Roman emperor Caracalla, who prescribed that the sufferer from the disease wear an amulet containing ...

Including:

• Abracadabra - Etymology
• Abracadabra - The curse and the pestilence
• Abracadabra - Father, Son, Holy Spirit
• Abracadabra - Disappear like this word
• Abracadabra - Abraxas
• Abracadabra - Thelema
• Abracadabra - Avada Kedavra in Harry Potter

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218 - Events. May 16 - Heliogabalus is acclaimed as Roman Emperor. June 8 - Heliogabalus defeats Macrinus in battle. Macrinus flees, but is captured and executed some days later. 218 - Births. October 1 - Alexander Severus, later Roman emperor Gallienus, later Roman emperor 218 - Deaths. June - Macrinus, Roman emperor June - Diadumenian, son of Macrinus Yue Jin, commander of ...

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• 218 - Events
• 218 - Births
• 218 - Deaths

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The Western Roman Empire is the name given to the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286 AD. It would exist intermittently in several periods between the 3rd Century and the 5th Century, after Diocletian's Tetrarchy and the reunifications associated with Constantine the Great. Theodosius the Great was the last Roman Emperor who ruled both east and west, and he died in 395 AD. After him the Roman Empire was definitably divided and the Western Roman Empire ended with the abdication of Romulus Augustus under pressur ...

Including:

• Western Roman Empire - Early Cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West
• Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences
• Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century
• Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty
• Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West
• Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great
• Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division
• Western Roman Empire - The origins of the theological Great East-West Schism
• Western Roman Empire - Permanent division
• Western Roman Empire - Economic factors
• Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome
• Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest
• Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome
• Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

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Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" ) is a commonly applied name for the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 and 284 caused by the three simultaneous crises of external invasion, internal civil war and economic collapse. The changes in the institutions, society, economic life and eventually religion were so profound and fundamental, the "Crisis of the Third Century" is increasingly seen as the watershed marking the difference between the classic ...

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• Crisis of the Third Century - History
• Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

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The Star of Bethlehem was a star or star-like object that, in the account of Jesus' birth given in the Greek Gospel of Matthew, heralded his arrival and guided the Magi (better known in Christian mythology as the Three Wise Men) to the house where Jesus and his mother were. Main article: Star Prophecy. The messianic "Star Prophecy" that this star appeared to fulfill was of importance to all the contemporary Jewish resistance groups of the period, including those who produced the documents at Qu ...

Including:

• Star of Bethlehem - Narrative in Matthew
• Star of Bethlehem - Proposed explanations for the star
• Star of Bethlehem - The Star Prophecy
• Star of Bethlehem - Partial Source Materials

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221 - Events. June 26 - Roman Emperor Elagabalus adopts Alexander Severus as his heir. Liu Bei, Chinese warlord and descendant of the royal family of the Han Dynasty, proclaims himself emperor. The Shu Han Kingdom was established. 221 - Births. 221 - Deaths. Gongsun Kang, Chinese warlord in Liaodong and northwestern Korea Yu Jin, general of Cao Cao Category: 221Including:

• 221 - Events
• 221 - Births
• 221 - Deaths

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235 - Events. Maximinus Thrax becomes Roman Emperor. Having a Gothic father and an Alan mother, he is the first foreigner to hold the Roman throne. His accession led to the Crisis of the Third Century. A number of church leaders, among which Pope Pontian and Hippolytus, are exiled to Sardinia. November 21 - Pope Anterus succeeds Pope Pontian. Origen makes revisions to the Septuagint. 235 - Births. 235 - Deaths. < ...

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• 235 - Events
• 235 - Births
• 235 - Deaths

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222 - Events. Pope Urban I succeeds Pope Callixtus I Roman Emperor Alexander Severus succeeds Heliogabalus Kingdom of Wu is established in China Sun Quan defeats Liu Bei at the Battle of Yi Ling 222 - Deaths. March 11 - Roman Emperor Elagabalus murdered Tertullian, theologian Pope Callixtus I Claudius Aelianus, teacher and rhetorician Ma Liang, officer of Liu Bei Ma Chao, officer of Liu B ...

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• 222 - Events
• 222 - Deaths

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233 - Events. Roman Emperor Alexander Severus wins a war against the Persians. The Alamanni end Roman rule in Swabia. 233 - Births. Porphyry, Neoplatonist philosopher Cao Fang, emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (approximate date) 233 - Deaths. Category: 233 ...

Including:

• 233 - Events
• 233 - Births
• 233 - Deaths

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As the Roman Republic expanded, it gradually reached a point in which the central goverment in Rome could not expect to rule effectively the distant provinces. This was due to slow communications and relativly slow transportation methods. The news of an enemy invasion, a revolt, a epidemic outbreak or of a natural disaster was carried by ship or by mounted postal service (similar to the Pony Express) and therefore needed "quite some" time to reach Rome and required a similar amount of time until a response and a reaction reached the trouble ...

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Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Early cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - Final division, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

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The descriptions of Strabo, Pliny the Elder, and other writers identify Petra as the capital of the Nabataeans and the centre of their caravan trade. Walled in by towering rocks and watered by a perennial stream, Petra not only possessed the advantages of a fortress but controlled the main commercial routes which passed through it to Gaza in the west, to Bosra and Damascus in the north, to Aqaba and Leuce Come on the Red Sea, and acros ...

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Petra, Petra - History, Petra - Petra today, Petra - The speculative future of Petra, Petra - Petra in movies and popular culture, Petra - Gallery

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The praetorian prefect was commander of the Praetorian Guard until Constantine abolished it in 314. Praetorian prefects continued to be appointed until the reign of Heraclius, but the office developed into head of the civil and judicial administration of the empire. Under the empire the praetorians or imperial guards were commanded by one, two, or even three praefects (praefecti praetorio), who were chosen by the emperor from among the knights and held office at his pleasure. From the time of Alexander Severus the post was open to sen ...

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Praetorian prefect, Praetorian prefect - Praetorian guards commander, Praetorian prefect - List of known Guard Prefects, Praetorian prefect - Transformation to administrator

Read more here: » Praetorian prefect: Encyclopedia II - Praetorian prefect - Praetorian guards commander

The Julio-Claudian dynasty was composed of the Iulii Caesares and the Claudii Nerones, two distinguished patrician families in the waning days of the old Republic. The Iulii Caesares rose to absolute power in the Roman state in the person of the paterfamilias, Julius Caesar himself; upon his murder in 44 BC, the majority of his estate passed to his posthumously adopted son, Octavian, the grandson of Caesar's sister Julia. Octavian emerged from a series of civil wars as the sole master of the Roman world, and in January 27 BC was appoi ...

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Roman Emperor Principate, Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Year of the Four Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Flavian Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Nervan-Antonine Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Nervan-Antonine Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - From Domitian to Severus, Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Macrinus and Diadumenianus, Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty Restored, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships

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List of assassinated people - Algeria. Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia, by Jugurtha François Darlan, (1942), French Admiral, by a French monarchist, Ferdinand Bonnier de La Chapelle Maurice Audin, (1957), communist mathematician Mohamed Khemisti, (1963), foreign minister of Algeria, in Algiers by an unknown gunman Mustafa Bouyali, (1987), Islamic fundamentalist, in Algiers Mohamed Boudiaf, (1992), president of Algeria Youcef Sebti, (1993), Alger ...

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List of assassinated people, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Africa, List of assassinated people - Algeria, List of assassinated people - Burkina Faso, List of assassinated people - Burundi, List of assassinated people - Chad, List of assassinated people - Comoros, List of assassinated people - Congo Brazzaville, List of assassinated people - Congo Kinshasa, List of assassinated people - Côte d'Ivoire, List of assassinated people - Egypt, List of assassinated people - Equatorial Guinea, List of assassinated people - Ethiopia, List of assassinated people - The Gambia, List of assassinated people - Guinea, List of assassinated people - Kenya, List of assassinated people - Liberia, List of assassinated people - Madagascar, List of assassinated people - Mozambique, List of assassinated people - Niger, List of assassinated people - Nigeria, List of assassinated people - Rwanda, List of assassinated people - Somalia, List of assassinated people - South Africa, List of assassinated people - Sudan, List of assassinated people - Tanzania, List of assassinated people - Togo, List of assassinated people - Tunisia, List of assassinated people - Uganda, List of assassinated people - Zimbabwe, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in the Americas, List of assassinated people - Argentina, List of assassinated people - Bermuda, List of assassinated people - Bolivia, List of assassinated people - Brazil, List of assassinated people - Canada, List of assassinated people - Chile, List of assassinated people - Colombia, List of assassinated people - Cuba, List of assassinated people - Dominican Republic, List of assassinated people - Ecuador, List of assassinated people - El Salvador, List of assassinated people - Guatemala, List of assassinated people - Guyana, List of assassinated people - Haiti, List of assassinated people - Mexico, List of assassinated people - Nicaragua, List of assassinated people - Panama, List of assassinated people - Paraguay, List of assassinated people - Peru, List of assassinated people - United States, List of assassinated people - Uruguay, List of assassinated people - Venezuela, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Asia, List of assassinated people - Afghanistan, List of assassinated people - Bangladesh, List of assassinated people - Bhutan, List of assassinated people - Cambodia, List of assassinated people - China, List of assassinated people - India, List of assassinated people - Iran, List of assassinated people - Iraq, List of assassinated people - Israel and Palestinian Authority Territories, List of assassinated people - Japan, List of assassinated people - Jordan, List of assassinated people - Korea, List of assassinated people - Lebanon, List of assassinated people - Myanmar, List of assassinated people - Nepal, List of assassinated people - Pakistan, List of assassinated people - Philippines, List of assassinated people - Qatar, List of assassinated people - Saudi Arabia, List of assassinated people - Sri Lanka, List of assassinated people - Syria, List of assassinated people - Turkey, List of assassinated people - Vietnam, List of assassinated people - Yemen, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Australia and Oceania, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Europe, List of assassinated people - Austria, List of assassinated people - Belgium, List of assassinated people - Bulgaria, List of assassinated people - Cyprus, List of assassinated people - Czech Republic, List of assassinated people - Finland, List of assassinated people - France, List of assassinated people - Germany, List of assassinated people - Greece, List of assassinated people - Hungary, List of assassinated people - Ireland, List of assassinated people - Italy, List of assassinated people - Malta, List of assassinated people - The Netherlands, List of assassinated people - Poland, List of assassinated people - Portugal, List of assassinated people - Romania, List of assassinated people - Spain, List of assassinated people - Sweden, List of assassinated people - Switzerland, List of assassinated people - United Kingdom, List of assassinated people - Yugoslavia and successor states, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in the former Soviet Union, List of assassinated people - Deaths under suspicious circumstances, List of assassinated people - Related articles and lists

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Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361. Constantinople would serve as the capital of Constantine the Great from May 11, 330 to his death on May 22, 337. The Empire was parted again among his three surviving sons.The Western Roman Empire was divided among the eldest son Constantine II and the youngest son Constans. The Eastern Roman Empire al ...

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Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324, Roman Empire - Christian Empire 324–395, Roman Empire - Late Antiquity in the West 395–476, Roman Empire - From Roman to Byzantine in the East, Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - Later Eastern Empire 476–1461, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

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Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361. The Empire was parted again among his three surviving sons. The Western Roman Empire was divided among the eldest son Constantine II and the youngest son Constans. The Eastern Roman Empire along with Constantinople were the share of middle son Constantius II. Constantine II was killed in conflict with his youngest brother in 340. Constans was himself killed in conflict with army proclaimed Augustus Magnentius on January 18, 350. Magnentius was at first oppo ...

See also:

Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324 and Constantine the Great 324-337, Roman Empire - The Empire after Constantine 337–395, Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - The Empire becoming Christian, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - The End of the Western Empire 395–476, Roman Empire - The Byzantine Empire 395–1461, Roman Empire - Legacy of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

Read more here: » Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Roman Empire - The Empire after Constantine 337–395

The rapid growth of Roman commerce with ancient China likely would not have been possible without two major preceding developments, first by Alexander the Great and the ancient Greeks, and second by the spread of embassies of the Han Dynasty into Central and Western Asia. Sino-Roman relations - Development of Trade Links. The first major step in opening trade links between the East and the West came with the expansion of Alexander the Great deep into Central Asia, as far as the Fergana Valley at the border ...

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Sino-Roman relations, Sino-Roman relations - Preceding History, Sino-Roman relations - Development of Trade Links, Sino-Roman relations - Zhang Qian's embassy, Sino-Roman relations - Chinese silk in the Roman Empire, Sino-Roman relations - Castaways, Sino-Roman relations - Roman soldiers in the East, Sino-Roman relations - The expedition of Ban Chao, Sino-Roman relations - First Roman embassy, Sino-Roman relations - Other Roman embassies, Sino-Roman relations - Notes

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Theories about the source of the word are:- Abracadabra - I create as I speak. A possible source is Aramaic: אברא כדברא avra kehdabra which means "I will create as I speak". Abracadabra - The curse and the pestilence. There is the view that Abracadabra derives from the Hebrew, ha-brachah, meaning "the blessing" (used in this sense as a euphemism for "the curse") and dabra, an Aramaic form of the Hebrew word dever, meaning "pestilence. ...

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Abracadabra, Abracadabra - Etymology, Abracadabra - I create as I speak, Abracadabra - The curse and the pestilence, Abracadabra - Father Son Holy Spirit, Abracadabra - Disappear like this word, Abracadabra - Abraxas, Abracadabra - Thelema, Abracadabra - Avada Kedavra in Harry Potter

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Internally the empire faced runaway hyperinflation caused by years of coinage devaluation. This had started earlier under the Severan emperors who enlarged the army by one quarter and doubled the base pay. As each of the short-lived emperors took power they needed ways to raise money quickly to pay the military's "acession bonus" and the easiest way to do so was by simply cutting the silver in coins with less valuable metals. This had the predictable effect of causing runaway inflation and by the time Diocletian came to power the old coinage ...

See also:

Crisis of the Third Century, Crisis of the Third Century - History, Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact

Read more here: » Crisis of the Third Century: Encyclopedia II - Crisis of the Third Century - Economic Impact