Alevi - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Alevi: Encyclopedia - Alevi
Alevis are adherents of a branch of Islam, related to Shia Islam (Although some Alevi's claim that it is a completly seperate religion fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Alevi - Belief
Alevis are followers of the Twelvers, a Shia sect. Belief in Allah is varied. Though some accept the idea of a personal creator, many bel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Humanism: Encyclopedia - Religious Humanism
Religious humanism, is an integration of religious rituals with humanistic philosophy that centers on human needs, interests, and abiliti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia - Ali
Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - Religion
Theologically, Alawites today claim to be Twelver Shiites, but traditionally they have been designated as "extremists" (Arabic غلاة g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Legacy
Ali is respected not only as a warrior and leader, but as a writer and religious leader. The most famous collection of Ali's speeches and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bektashi: Encyclopedia Ii - Bektashi - Beliefs
Bektashism is a Sufi order and shares much in common with other Islamic mystical movements, such as the need for an experienced spiritual...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Humanism: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Humanism - Humanist Traditions
As originally conceived in the early 20th century, humanism rejected revealed knowledge, theism-based morality and the supernatural. Yet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Early Life
Ali's father, Abu Talib, was a member of the powerful tribe of the Quraysh, and an uncle to the young Muhammad. When Muhammad was orphane...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alawite: Encyclopedia - Alawite
Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia - Turkey
(Turkish: Yurtta Barış, Dünyada Barış) The Republic of Turkey or Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), is a bicontinental country located main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Succession To The Caliphate
In 656 CE, the third caliph Uthman, was murdered in his own house while reading the Qur'an, in Medina, by rebellious Muslim soldiers. Med...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zaza People: Encyclopedia - Zaza People
Zaza people are an ethnic minority in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Zazas primarily live in Adiyaman, Bingol, Diyarbakir, Elazig, Er...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - Population
Traditionally Alawites live in the mountains along the Mediterranean coast of Syria; Latakia and Tartous are the region's principal citie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bektashi: Encyclopedia Ii - Bektashi - History
The Bektashi order was widespread in the Ottoman Empire, their lodges being scattered throughout Anatolia as well as many parts of Balkan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - History
The origin of the Alawites is disputed. According to some sources, they were originally Nusayri, a sect that broke ties with Twelver Shii...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Birth
Ali was born in Mecca, in the Hijaz region of central western Arabia, sometime around 599 CE (the year is only an approximation). Shi'a M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - The Death Of Muhammad 632 Ce
Muhammad had been ailing for some time, but seemed to have recovered somewhat. He left his house to take part in prayers at the mosque, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Humanism: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Humanism - Revealed Religious Traditions
In the past, humanist versions of major religions, such as Christian humanism, Humanistic Judaism and Islamic humanism played an importan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Ali In Medina
The small community of Muslim immigrants in Medina, the Muhajirun, were at first extremely poor. They had no land, no houses, and lived o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Descendants
Ali had eight wives after Fatima's death, and in all, it is said, thirty-three children. He had two sons by Fatima, Hassan and Hussein. H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Birth
Ali was born in Mecca, in the Hijaz region of central western Arabia, sometime around 599 CE (the year is an approximation only). Shi'a M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Early Life
Ali's father, Abu Talib, was a member of the powerful tribe of the Quraysh, and an uncle to the young Muhammad. When Muhammad was orphane...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - The Death Of Muhammad 632 Ce
Muhammad had been ailing for some time, but seemed to have recovered somewhat. He left his house to take part in prayers at the mosque, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Inheritance
Shi'a Muslims believe that Ali and Fatima, as well as the wives of Muhammad had an additional cause for disaffection with Abu Bakr [2]. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Death
According to tradition, three Muslim zealots (purists later termed Kharijites) had agreed to assassinate Ali, Mu'awiyah and `Amr, as the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Caliphate
Almost the first act of his caliphate was to put down a rebellion led by Talha and az-Zubayr (two eminent companions of Muhammad), who we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ali: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali - Succession To The Caliphate
In 656 CE, the third caliph Uthman, was murdered in his own house, in Medina, by rebellious Muslim soldiers. Medina, now a large city and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Economy
Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Etymology
The name İstanbul comes from the Greek words εις την Πόλη – eis tin Poli (pronounced [is tim boli]) or στην Πόλη, fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zaza People: Encyclopedia Ii - Zaza People - Language
According to Ethnologue, the Zaza language (Zazaki) is a part of the northwestern group of the Iranian section of the Indo-Iranian branch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Countries With Separation
Different countries have different approaches to the separation of church and state. Separation of church and state - Australia. Since ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republican People's Party Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Republican People's Party Turkey - History
The Kemalist movement which was responsible for the founding of the CHP as a political party in Turkey first arose in 1920, when Mustafa ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Economy
Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Other Movements Within Sects
Divisions of Islam - Salafism. Main articles: Salafi, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In The United Kingdom - Demography And Ethnic Background
According to the 2001 census 1,591,000 Muslims are living in England and Wales, where they form 2.7 % of the population, in Scotland they...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Countries With Separation
Different countries have different approaches to the separation of church and state. Separation of church and state - Australia. Since ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - History
Byzantium was the original name of the modern city of İstanbul. Byzantium was originally settled by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union - Arguments Used Against Turkish Membership
Opposition to Turkey's entry into the EU varies among the public of the current EU member states, as does political support or opposition...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Economy
Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurdish People: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurdish People - Historic Roots Of The Kurdish People
The earliest evidence, thus far, of a unified and distinct culture and peoples inhabiting the Kurdish mountains dates back to the Halaf c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - Religion
Theologically, Alawites today claim to be Twelver Shiites, but traditionally they have been designated as "extremists" (Arabic غلاة g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Turkey - Retreat From Secularism
The expectation of the secular ruling elite that the policies of the 1920s and 1930s would diminish the role of religion in public life d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demographics Of Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Demographics Of Turkey - Ethnicity In Turkey
The question of ethnicity in modern Turkey is a highly debated and difficult issue. Figures published in several different sources prove ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Climate
Temperate-Continental People coming to İstanbul can expect long, hot and humid summers and cold, rainy and snowy winters. The total prec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Districts
Adalar | Avcılar | Bağcılar | Bahçelievler | Bakırköy | Bayrampaşa | Beşiktaş | Beykoz | Beyoğlu | Büyükçekmece | Çatalca ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union - Likelihood Of Accession
Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Official point of view. EU member states must unanimously agree to Turkish membership for T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union - Individual Opinions And Quotes
Accession of Turkey to the European Union - Opinions. Notable individuals that oppose Turkish membership: In Belgium, Willy Claes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union - Arguments Used For Turkish Membership
Turkey stresses its involvement in European history for about 500 years, through the Ottoman Empire and as the seat of the Eastern Roman ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Gallery
Ankara - A view from Cankaya Istanbul - A view of over Asia and Europe Istanbul - Levent district Izmir - The clock tower in Konak Square...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Accession Of Turkey To The European Union - History
Turkey first applied for associate membership in the European Economic Community in 1959, and finally signed an Association Agreement in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Education
Istanbul holds some of the finest institutes of higher education in Turkey, including a number of public and private universities. Most o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Society
Turkey - Demographics. The legal use of term "Turkish" (a citizen of Turkey) is different than the ethnic definition (an ethnic Turk). ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Military
Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri TSK) consists of the Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry) and Air ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Countries With State Churches
Separation of church and state - Finland. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Finnish Orthodox Church have a status prot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Etymology
The name İstanbul comes from the Greek words εις την Πόλη – eis tin Poli (pronounced [is tim boli]) or στην Πόλη, fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alawite: Encyclopedia Ii - Alawite - History
The origin of the Alawites is disputed. According to some sources, they were originally Nusayri, a sect that broke ties with Twelver Shii...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - A Basic Overview Of The Principle
In the United States, separation of church and state is governed by the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Places To Visit
Constantinople was a cultural and ethnic melting pot. As a result, there are many historical mosques, churches, synagogues, and palaces t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Transportation
Main article: Public transport in Istanbul Istanbul - Airports. Atatürk International Airport (IST) Sabiha Gökçen International Air...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Secularism And Theocracy
Secularism in government is a policy of avoiding or reducing entanglement between civil and religious institutions, ranging from reducing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Geography
The territory of Turkey extends from 36° to 42° N and from 26° to 45° E. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is 1,660 kilometers w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Military
Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri TSK) consists of the Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry) and Air ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Politics
Main Articles: Politics of Turkey, Constitution of Turkey Turkey's political system is based on separation of powers. Its constitution is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Military
Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri TSK) consists of the Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry) and Air ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Society
Turkey - Demographics. Main article: Demographics of Turkey The legal use of term "Turkish" (a citizen of Turkey) is different than t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - History
The Republic of Turkey was established on October 29, 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The origins of modern Turkey can be t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Politics
Main Articles: Politics of Turkey, Constitution of Turkey Turkey's political system is based on separation of powers. Its constitution is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - History
The Republic of Turkey was established on October 29, 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The origins of modern Turkey can be t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Enactment
Separation of church and state occurs in different ways: legal separation voluntary separation, such as by churches teaching that religi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Turkey - Status Of Religious Freedom
The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice; however, the Government ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Countries With State Churches
Separation of church and state - Finland. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Finnish Orthodox Church have a status prot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Countries In Flux
Separation of church and state - Russia. From the foundation of the Kievan Rus dynasty until the institution of bolshevism, Russia main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In The United Kingdom - Religious Currents And Organisations
Due to the fact that a large porportion of Muslims in Britain came there from South Asia, the muslim population also includes muslims fro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Advocacy
Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation. Many religious believers, including Jews, Christians and Muslims, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - History
Separation of church and state - Ancient. Main article: Separation of church and state (ancient) In ancient times, before the advent ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Advocacy
Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation. Many religious believers, including Jews, Christians and Muslims, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Transportation
Main article: Public transport in Istanbul İstanbul - Airports. Atatürk International Airport (IST) Sabiha Gökçen International Ai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Education
Istanbul holds some of the finest institutes of higher education in Turkey, including a number of public and private universities. Most o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Places To Visit
Constantinople was a cultural and ethnic melting pot. As a result, there are many historical Mosques, Churches, Synagogues and Palaces to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Climate
Temperate-Continental People coming to İstanbul can expect long, hot and humid summers and cold, rainy and snowy winters. The total prec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Districts
Adalar | Avcılar | Bağcılar | Bahçelievler | Bakırköy | Bayrampaşa | Beşiktaş | Beykoz | Beyoğlu | Büyükçekmece | Çatalca ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurdish People: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurdish People - Religion
Kurdish people - Islam. The majority of the Kurds are Sunni Muslims, belonging to the Shafi and Hanafi Schools of Islam. There is also ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Countries In Flux
Separation of church and state - Russia. From the foundation of the Kievan Rus dynasty until the institution of bolshevism, Russia main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - History
Byzantium was the original name of the modern city of İstanbul. Byzantium was originally settled by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Turkey - Secularist Policies
In 1922 the new nationalist regime abolished the Ottoman sultanate, and in 1924 it abolished the caliphate, the religious office that Ott...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Kalam Schools
Divisions of Islam - Ash'ari. Main articles: Ash'ari, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and ... See also:Divisions o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Sunni Schools Of Thought
Madhhab is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence, or fiqh, within Sunni Islam. Each of the Ashaab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Major Branches
Divisions of Islam - Sunni. Main articles: Sunni Islam, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{{5}}}]] Sunni Isla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Shi'a Sects
Divisions of Islam - Jafari. Main articles: Twelvers, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Kharijite Sects
Divisions of Islam - Sufri. Main articles: Sufri, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and [[{{ ... See also:Divisions o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Related Faiths
The followers of these religions do not consider themselves to be Muslim, but have a strong connection to the religion of Islam. Divisio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divisions Of Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Divisions Of Islam - Other Sects
The followers of these sects consider themselves to be Muslim, but are not recognized as such by the mainstream. Divisions of Islam - Zi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurdish People: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurdish People - Language
The Kurdish language is part of the northwestern group of the Iranian section of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. Eve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurdish People: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurdish People - Demographics
The exact number of Kurdish people living in the Middle East is unknown, due to both an absence of recent and extensive census analysis, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - History
Separation of church and state - Ancient. Main article: Separation of church and state (ancient) In ancient times, before the advent ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkey - Society
Turkey - Demographics. Main articles: Demographics of Turkey, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], ... See also:Turkey, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurdish People: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurdish People - Kurds In Iraq
Under the former Iraqi Ba'athist regime, which ruled Iraq from 1968 until 2003, Kurds were initially granted limited autonomy (1970), and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Secularism And Theocracy
Secularism in government is a policy of avoiding or reducing entanglement between civil and religious institutions, ranging from reducing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Church And State: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Church And State - Enactment
Separation of church and state occurs in different ways: legal separation voluntary separation, such as by churches teaching that religi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demographics Of Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Demographics Of Turkey - Some Facts
Population: 69,660,559 (July 2005 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 26% (male 9,232,439; female 8,897,135) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 23,806...   » Read the article