The Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia was a conflict fought in September 52 BC around the Gallic oppidum of Alesia, a major town centre and hill fort of the Mandubii tribe, situated probably at Chaux-des-Crotenay (Jura). Earlier research located Alesia atop Mont Auxois, above modern Alise-Sainte-Reine in France, but this location does not fit Caesar's description of the battle. Alise-Sainte-Reine is still the official location of Alesia. This battle was fought by the army of the Roman Republic commanded by Julius Caesa ...

Including:

• Battle of Alesia - Prelude
• Battle of Alesia - Siege and battle
• Battle of Alesia - Aftermath
• Battle of Alesia - Issues in historical reconstruction of the events

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Battle of Alesia, Battle of Alesia - Prelude, Battle of Alesia - Siege and battle, Battle of Alesia - Aftermath, Battle of Alesia - Issues in historical reconstruction of the events

Read more here: » Battle of Alesia: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Alesia - Aftermath

Julius Caesar had been in Gaul since 58 BC. It was customary for consuls, Rome's highest elected officials, at the end of their consular year, to be appointed governor of one of Rome's provinces by the Roman Senate, and following his first consulship in 59 BC, Caesar was appointed governor of Cisalpine Gaul (the region between the Alps, the Apennines and the Adriatic), and Transalpine Gaul ("Gaul beyond the Alps"). With a proconsular imperium, he ha ...

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Battle of Alesia, Battle of Alesia - Prelude, Battle of Alesia - Siege and battle, Battle of Alesia - Aftermath, Battle of Alesia - Issues in historical reconstruction of the events

Read more here: » Battle of Alesia: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Alesia - Prelude

Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield (original title: Le bouclier arverne) is the eleventh Asterix comic book, written by René Goscinny and drawn by Albert Uderzo. It was originally published in 1968. The book is inspired by the battle of Alesia, where the Gaulish warrior chief Vercingetorix surrendered to the Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar. However, only the very end of the actual battle appears in the book - the main plot concerns what happened after the battle. Asterix and the Chieftain's ...

Including:

• Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Plot
• Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Summary
• Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Detailed plot
• Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Notes

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Alesia was a hill-top fort surrounded by river valleys, with strong defensive features. As a frontal assault would have been suicidal, Caesar decided upon a siege, hoping to force surrender by starvation. Considering that about 80,000 men were garrisoned in Alesia, together with the local civilian population, this would not take long. To guarantee a perfect blockade, Caesar ordered the construction of an encircling set of fortifications, called a circumvallation, around Alesia. The details of this engineering work are known from Caesar's ...

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Battle of Alesia, Battle of Alesia - Prelude, Battle of Alesia - Siege and battle, Battle of Alesia - Aftermath, Battle of Alesia - Issues in historical reconstruction of the events

Read more here: » Battle of Alesia: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Alesia - Siege and battle

In 52 BC the Atrebates joined the pan-Gaulish revolt led by Vercingetorix, and Commius was one of the leaders of the army that attempted to relieve Vercingetorix at the Siege of Alesia. After Vercingetorix was defeated Commius joined a revolt by the Bellovaci and persuaded some 500 Germans to support them, but this too was defeated and Commius sought refuge with his German allies. In 51 BC he returned to his homeland with a small mounted war-band for a campaign of agitation and guerrilla warfare. That winter Mark Antony, a legionary l ...

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Commius, Commius - Ally of Caesar, Commius - Enemy of Caesar, Commius - King in Britain, Commius - Sources

Read more here: » Commius: Encyclopedia II - Commius - Enemy of Caesar

Historians place the generalship of Caesar on the level of such geniuses as Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan and Napoleon Bonaparte. Although he suffered occasional tactical defeats such as Gergovia during the Gallic War and Dyrrhachium during the Civil War, Caesar's tactical brilliance was highlighted by such feats as his circumvallation of Alesia during the Gallic War, the rout of Pompey's numerically superior forces at Pharsalus during the Civil War, and the ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Military career

Historians place the generalship of Caesar on the level of such geniuses as Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and Napoleon Bonaparte. Although he suffered occasional tactical defeats such as Gergovia during the Gallic War and Dyrrhachium during the Civil War, Caesar's tactical brilliance was highlighted by such feats as his circumvallation of Alesia during the Gallic War, the rout of Pompey's numerically superior forces at Pharsalus during the Civil War, and the complete destruction of Pharnaces's army at Zela. Caesar's successful ca ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

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Alesia Ancient Gaulish city (now called St. Reine) known for its Celtic Mysteries; the revolt of the central Gauls against the Romans under Caesar resulted in "the slaughter of the garrison at Alesia (or Alisa), and of all its inhabitants, including the Druids, the college-priests and the neophytes; after this the whole city was plundered and razed to the ground" (BCW 14:294-5), with the loss of the Druidic libraries. With the destruction soon after of nearby Bibractis (present-day Autun), Druidism was destroyed in Gaul. (also BCW 14:311)

(See also: Alesia, Ancient Gaulish city, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Vercingetorix (72 BC - 46 BC), (French: Vercingétorix) chieftain of the Arverni, led the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53-52 BC. His name in Gaulish means "over-king of the marching men"; the "marching men" would now be called "infantry". His name was pronounced, in Gaulish (and therefore in Latin), (wer-king-gheto-rīks). Vercingetorix - History. Between 58 and 53 BC, Julius Caesar had secured domination over the Celtic tribes beyond the Provincia Narbonensis (modern day Provence ...

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• Vercingetorix - History
• Vercingetorix - Popular culture

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Commentarii de Bello Gallico (literally "Commentaries on the Gallic Wars" in Latin) is an account written by Julius Caesar about his nine years of war in Gaul. English translations of the book often retain the Latin title; sometimes, various translations of the book's Latin title are used, including About the Gallic War, Of the Gallic War, On the Gallic War,

Read more here: » Commentarii de Bello Gallico: Encyclopedia - Commentarii de Bello Gallico

The Carnutes (Latin Carnuti), a powerful Celtic people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelled in a particularly extensive territory between the Sequana (Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers. Their lands later corresponded to the dioceses of Chartres, Orleans and Blois, that is, the greater part of the modern departments of Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, Loir-et-Cher. The territory of the Carnutes had the reputation among Roman observers of being the political and religious center of the Gallic nations. The chief fortified towns were < ...

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Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in wargames and strategic board games. It also published the occasional miniature wargaming ruleset and had a popular line of sports simulations. It is now a division of the game company Hasbro. Avalon Hill - History. The company was started in 1958 by Charles S. Roberts following the success of his wargame Tactics. With Tactics, Roberts created a new type of board game based on actual war-like scenarios and strategies. This sort of game ...

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• Avalon Hill - Games Original Avalon Hill
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• Avalon Hill - Games Hasbro Avalon Hill
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52 BC - Events. Roman Republic Consuls: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Pompey marries Cornelia Metella Milo is tried for the murder of Clodius. Despite Cicero's legal defence (Pro Milone) he is found guilty and exiled in Massilia (today Marseille) Last year of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars - March - Siege of and captures of Avaricum (Bourges) April-May - Siege and repulse from Gergovia July - Battle of the ...

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• 52 BC - Events
• 52 BC - Births
• 52 BC - Deaths

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Aedui, Haedui or Hedui (Gr. Aidouoi), are Gallic people of Gallia Lugdunensis, who inhabited the country between the Arar (Saone) and Liger (Loire), in today's France. The statement in Strabo (ii. 3. 192) that they dwelt between the Arar and Dubis (Doubs) is incorrect. Their territory thus included the greater part of the modern departments of Saône-et-Loire, Côte-d'Or and Nièvre. According to Livy (v. 34), they took part in the expedition of ...

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The defense of both its own territory and its citizens overseas in later eras was driven by several military rivalries that often re-asserted themselves after other military objectives had been accomplished. These rivalries and objectives can often give a better understanding of French military history than a mere chronological listing. Military history of France - France's imperial objectives. Starting in the early 16th century, much of France's military efforts were put behind ...

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Military history of France, Military history of France - Themes in French history, Military history of France - France's imperial objectives, Military history of France - Post-colonial status, Military history of France - Gauls, Military history of France - Franks, Military history of France - Middle Ages, Military history of France - Ancien Régime, Military history of France - Revolutionary France, Military history of France - Napoleonic France, Military history of France - Modern Period, Military history of France - French Colonial Empire, Military history of France - List of fortifications in France, Military history of France - Roman and Ancient, Military history of France - Middle Ages, Military history of France - Early Modern, Military history of France - Twentieth Century, Military history of France - List of French military institutions, Military history of France - List of French military alliances, Military history of France - List of French military leaders, Military history of France - French military linguistic influence

Read more here: » Military history of France: Encyclopedia II - Military history of France - Themes in French history

Caesar was elected quaestor by the Assembly of the People in 70 BC, at the age of 30, as stipulated in the Roman cursus honorum. This office brought with it membership in the senate. He drew the lots and was assigned with a quaestorship in Hispania Ulterior, a Roman province roughly situated in modern Portugal and southern Spain. As an administrative and financial officer, the trip was largely uneventful, but while in Hispania he had the now famous encounter with a statue of Alexander the Great. Perhaps because of his weakened emotion ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum

Between 58 and 53 BC, Julius Caesar had secured domination over the Celtic tribes beyond the Provincia Narbonensis (modern day Provence) through a careful divide and rule strategy. Previous attempts at revolt, for example that of Ambiorix in 54 BC, had secured only local support, but Vercingetorix, whose father, Celtillus, had been put to death by his own countrymen for seeking kingship over all of Gaul, managed to unify the Gallic tribes against the Romans a ...

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Vercingetorix, Vercingetorix - History, Vercingetorix - Popular culture

Read more here: » Vercingetorix: Encyclopedia II - Vercingetorix - History

The state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871, when the German Empire, dominated by the Kingdom of Prussia, was forged. This was the second German Reich, usually translated as "empire", but also meaning "kingdom", "domain" or "realm." (Königreich means "kingdom", and Reich- as in Reichskanzler was analogous to Royal- or calling the State the Crown in Commonwealth countries. Today the analogous entity is called der Bund, as in Bundeskanzler (Fed ...

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Germany, Germany - History, Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD, Germany - Migration Period and Franks 300-843, Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843–1806, Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871, Germany - German Empire 1871–1918, Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933, Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945, Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990, Germany - Politics, Germany - Legal system, Germany - Foreign Relations, Germany - Armed Forces, Germany - Energy policy, Germany - Geography, Germany - Federal States Bundesländer, Germany - Territory, Germany - Climate, Germany - Economy, Germany - Exports, Germany - Imports, Germany - Agriculture, Germany - Industrial sector, Germany - Service sector, Germany - Natural resources, Germany - Society, Germany - Demographics, Germany - Religion, Germany - Education, Germany - Social issues, Germany - Culture, Germany - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Germany: Encyclopedia II - Germany - History

The state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871, when the German Empire, dominated by the Kingdom of Prussia, was forged. This was the second German Reich, usually translated as "empire", but also meaning "kingdom", "domain" or "realm." (Königreich means "kingdom", and Reich- as in Reichskanzler was analogous to Royal- or calling the State the Crown in Commonwealth countries. Today the analogous entity is called der Bund, as in Bundeskanzler, the Federal Chancellor.)See also:

Germany, Germany - History, Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD, Germany - Migration Period and Franks 300-843, Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843–1806, Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871, Germany - German Empire 1871–1918, Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933, Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945, Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990, Germany - Politics, Germany - Legal system, Germany - Foreign Relations, Germany - Armed Forces, Germany - Energy policy, Germany - Geography, Germany - Federal States Länder, Germany - Territory, Germany - Climate, Germany - Economy, Germany - Exports, Germany - Imports, Germany - Agriculture, Germany - Industrial sector, Germany - Service sector, Germany - Natural resources, Germany - Society, Germany - Demographics, Germany - Religion, Germany - Education, Germany - Transportation, Germany - Social issues, Germany - Culture, Germany - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Germany: Encyclopedia II - Germany - History