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aldosterone | A Wisdom Archive on aldosterone | | aldosterone A selection of articles related to aldosterone | |
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aldosterone, Aldosterone, Aldosterone - Aldosterone and the kidney, Aldosterone - Control of aldosterone release
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO aldosterone | | | |  aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Indomethacin - Animal Toxicity and Human OverdoseIndomethacin has a high acute toxicity both for animals (12 mg/kg in rats and 50 mg/kg in mice) and for humans. Exact human data does not exist, but some fatal human cases, particular in children and adolescents, have been seen.
Generally, overdose in humans causes drowsiness, dizziness, severe headache, mental confusion, paraesthesia, numbness of limbs, nausea and vomiting. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding is also possible. Cerebral edema, and cardiac arrest with fatal outcome have been seen in children.
The treatment is symptomatic and largely the same as with diclofenac. However, the po ...
See also:Indomethacin, Indomethacin - Chemical properties, Indomethacin - Indications, Indomethacin - Contraindications, Indomethacin - Mechanism of action, Indomethacin - Adverse effects, Indomethacin - Necessary Examinations during Longterm Treatment, Indomethacin - Animal Toxicity and Human Overdose, Indomethacin - Usual Dosage Forms, Indomethacin - History Read more here: » Indomethacin: Encyclopedia II - Indomethacin - Animal Toxicity and Human Overdose |
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| | | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Indomethacin - Mechanism of action Indomethacin is a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2, enzymes that participate in prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins are hormone-like molecules normally found in the body, where they have a wide variety of effects, some of which lead to pain, fever, and inflammation.
Prostaglandins also cause uterine contractions in pregnant women. Indomethacin is an effective tocolytic agent, able to delay premature labor by reducing uterine contractions through inhibition of PG synthesis in the uterus a ...
See also:Indomethacin, Indomethacin - Chemical properties, Indomethacin - Indications, Indomethacin - Contraindications, Indomethacin - Mechanism of action, Indomethacin - Adverse effects, Indomethacin - Necessary Examinations during Longterm Treatment, Indomethacin - Animal Toxicity and Human Overdose, Indomethacin - Usual Dosage Forms, Indomethacin - History Read more here: » Indomethacin: Encyclopedia II - Indomethacin - Mechanism of action |
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| | | | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Conn's syndrome - Diagnosis Measuring aldosterone alone is not considered adequate to diagnose Conn's syndrome. Rather, both renin and aldosteron are measured, and the ratio is diagnostic. Usually, renin levels are suppressed, leading to a very low renin-aldosterone ratio (<0.05). This test is confounded by antihypertensive drugs, which have to be stopped up to 6 weeks.
If there is biochemic proof of hyperaldosteronism, CT scanning ca ...
See also:Conn's syndrome, Conn's syndrome - Signs symptoms and findings, Conn's syndrome - Diagnosis, Conn's syndrome - Causes, Conn's syndrome - Therapy, Conn's syndrome - Reference Read more here: » Conn's syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Conn's syndrome - Diagnosis |
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| | | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Antidiuretic hormone - Pharmacology ADH is used therapeutically in various conditions, and its long-acting synthetic analogue desmopressin is used in conditions featuring low ADH, as well as for control of bleeding (in some forms of von Willebrand disease) and in extreme cases of bedwetting by children. Terlipressin and related analogues are used as vasocontrictors in certain conditions.
Vasopressin has also been implicated in playing a positive role in different kinds of memory formation, including delayed reflexes, image, short- and long-term memory, though the mechanism remains unknown. Thus, des ...
See also:Antidiuretic hormone, Antidiuretic hormone - Physiology, Antidiuretic hormone - Control, Antidiuretic hormone - Actions, Antidiuretic hormone - Structure and relation to oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone - Pharmacology, Antidiuretic hormone - Role in disease Read more here: » Antidiuretic hormone: Encyclopedia II - Antidiuretic hormone - Pharmacology |
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| | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Hormone - Physiology of hormones Every cell is capable of producing a vast number of regulatory molecules. The classical endocrine glands and their hormone products are specialized to serve regulation on the overall organism level, but can in many instances be used in other ways or only on the tissue level.
The rate of production of a given hormone is most commonly regulated by a homeostatic control system, generally by negative feedback. Homeostatic regulation of hormones depends, apart from produc ...
See also:Hormone, Hormone - History, Hormone - Physiology of hormones, Hormone - Types of hormones, Hormone - Pharmacology, Hormone - Important human hormones, Hormone - Amine hormones, Hormone - Peptide hormones, Hormone - Steroid and sterol hormones, Hormone - Lipid hormones, Hormone - Reference Read more here: » Hormone: Encyclopedia II - Hormone - Physiology of hormones |
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| | | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Angiotensin - Angiotensin II
Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe | His-Leu
The main enzyme that cleaves Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II is called Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, also known as kininase) and is found predominantly in the lungs. This enzyme is a target for drugs (ACE inhibitors) that inactivate it, decreasing the rate of angiotensin II production. Other splice products of 7 or 9 amino acids are also known; they have differential affinity for angiotensin receptors, although their exact role is as yet unclear.
This eight amino acid long molecul ...
See also:Angiotensin, Angiotensin - Angiotensinogen, Angiotensin - Angiotensin I, Angiotensin - Angiotensin II, Angiotensin - Effects of Angiotensin II, Angiotensin - Vascular, Angiotensin - Brain, Angiotensin - Adrenals, Angiotensin - Renal, Angiotensin - Other, Angiotensin - Angiotensin III & IV Read more here: » Angiotensin: Encyclopedia II - Angiotensin - Angiotensin II |
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| | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Angiotensin - Angiotensin I
Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu
Angiotensin I has little biological effect. Its main role is to become angiotensin II, by removal of two of the terminal residues.
to Angiotensin III via an intermediate (des-Asp) Angiotensin I.
...
See also:Angiotensin, Angiotensin - Angiotensinogen, Angiotensin - Angiotensin I, Angiotensin - Angiotensin II, Angiotensin - Effects of Angiotensin II, Angiotensin - Vascular, Angiotensin - Brain, Angiotensin - Adrenals, Angiotensin - Renal, Angiotensin - Other, Angiotensin - Angiotensin III & IV Read more here: » Angiotensin: Encyclopedia II - Angiotensin - Angiotensin I |
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| | | | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Hormone - Pharmacology A large number of hormones are used as medication. The most commonly prescribed hormones are estrogens and progestagens (in the contraceptive pill and as HRT), thyroxine (as levothyroxine, for hypothyroidism) and steroids (for autoimmune diseases and several respiratory disorders). Insulin is used by many diabetics. Local preparations for use in otolaryngology often contain pharmacologic equivalents of adrenalin, while steroid and vitamin D creams are used ...
See also:Hormone, Hormone - History, Hormone - Physiology of hormones, Hormone - Types of hormones, Hormone - Pharmacology, Hormone - Important human hormones, Hormone - Amine hormones, Hormone - Peptide hormones, Hormone - Steroid and sterol hormones, Hormone - Lipid hormones, Hormone - Reference Read more here: » Hormone: Encyclopedia II - Hormone - Pharmacology |
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| | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Hormone - Important human hormones Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. Current North American and international usage is estrogen, gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek diphthong in oestrogen and the unvoiced aspirant h in gonadotrophin.
Hormone - Amine hormones.
Amine-derived hormones:
catecholamines
adrenaline (or epinephrine)
dopamine
noradrenaline (or norepinephrine)
tryptophan derivatives
melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)
< ...
See also:Hormone, Hormone - History, Hormone - Physiology of hormones, Hormone - Types of hormones, Hormone - Pharmacology, Hormone - Important human hormones, Hormone - Amine hormones, Hormone - Peptide hormones, Hormone - Steroid and sterol hormones, Hormone - Lipid hormones, Hormone - Reference Read more here: » Hormone: Encyclopedia II - Hormone - Important human hormones |
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| | | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Progesterone - Levels In women, progesterone levels are low during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, rise after ovulation, and are elevated during the luteal phase. In women progesterone levels tend to be < 2 ng/ml prior to ovulation, and > 5 ng/ml after ovulation. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone levels are maintained at luteal levels initially. With the onset of the luteal-placental shift in progesterone support of the pregnancy levels start to rise further and may reach 100-200 ng/ml at term. Whether a decrease in progesterone levels is cri ...
See also:Progesterone, Progesterone - Chemistry, Progesterone - Synthesis, Progesterone - Sources, Progesterone - Levels, Progesterone - Effects, Progesterone - Reproduction, Progesterone - Neurosteroid, Progesterone - Other systems, Progesterone - Medical Applications, Progesterone - External link Read more here: » Progesterone: Encyclopedia II - Progesterone - Levels |
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| | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Progesterone - Chemistry Like other steroids, progesterone consists of four interconnected cyclic hydrocarbons. Progesterone contains ketone and oxygenated functional groups, as well as two methyl branches. Like all steroid hormones, it is hydrophobic. This is mostly due to its lack of very polar functional groups.
Progesterone - Synthesis.
Progesterone, like all other steroid hormones, is synthesized from pregnenolone, a derivative of cholesterol. This conversion takes place in two steps. The 3-hydroxyl group is converted to a keto group and the doub ...
See also:Progesterone, Progesterone - Chemistry, Progesterone - Synthesis, Progesterone - Sources, Progesterone - Levels, Progesterone - Effects, Progesterone - Reproduction, Progesterone - Neurosteroid, Progesterone - Other systems, Progesterone - Medical Applications, Progesterone - External link Read more here: » Progesterone: Encyclopedia II - Progesterone - Chemistry |
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| | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Osmoregulation - Osmoregulation in protoctists and animals Amoeba make use of contractile vacuoles to collect excretory waste, such as ammonia, from the intracellular fluid by both diffusion and active transport. As osmotic action pushes water from the environment into the cytoplasm, the vacuole moves to the surface and disposes the contents into the environment.
Kidneys play a very large role in human osmoregulation, regulating the amount of water in urine waste. With the help of naturally producing hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and angiotensin II, the human body can increase the permeability of the collecti ...
See also:Osmoregulation, Osmoregulation - Examples of osmotic pressure, Osmoregulation - Forms of osmoregulation, Osmoregulation - Osmoregulation in plants, Osmoregulation - Osmoregulation in protoctists and animals, Osmoregulation - Vertebrate excretory systems, Osmoregulation - Waste products of nitrogen metabolism, Osmoregulation - How osmoregulation is achieved in vertebrates Read more here: » Osmoregulation: Encyclopedia II - Osmoregulation - Osmoregulation in protoctists and animals |
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| | | | | aldosterone: Encyclopedia II - Progesterone - Medical Applications Progesterone is poorly absorbed by oral ingestion unless micronised and in oil, or with fatty foods; it does not dissolve in water. Products such as Prometrium, Utrogestan and Microgest are therefore capsules containing micronised progesterone in oil - in all three mentioned that is peanut oil, which may cause serious allergic reactions in some people, but compounding pharmacies, which have the facilities and licenses to make their own products, can use alternatives. Vaginal and rectal application is also effective, with products such as Cyc ...
See also:Progesterone, Progesterone - Chemistry, Progesterone - Synthesis, Progesterone - Sources, Progesterone - Levels, Progesterone - Effects, Progesterone - Reproduction, Progesterone - Neurosteroid, Progesterone - Other systems, Progesterone - Medical Applications, Progesterone - External link Read more here: » Progesterone: Encyclopedia II - Progesterone - Medical Applications |
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