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Aldehyde: Encyclopedia - Aldehyde
An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group.
(Wh...
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Aldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldehyde - Chemistry
Aldehyde - Preparation.
There are three notable methods for preparing aldehydes:
Reacting a primary alcohol with an oxidizing agent,
R...
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Aldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldehyde - Structure
The aldehyde functional group is a carbon atom bonded to a carbonyl group and a hydrogen atom.
Aldehyde - α carbon & α hydrogen.
...
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Aldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldehyde - Nomenclature
Aldehydes are named by IUPAC nomenclature by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al.
Aliphatic aldehydes are named as derivat...
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Aroma Compound: Encyclopedia - Aroma Compound
An aroma compound, also known as odorant, aroma, fragrance, flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. A chemical compound ...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Aldehydes
Aldehydes (R-CHO) take the suffix "-al". Since they are always at the end of a alkane chain, they do not need a position number: HCHO (fo...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Aldehydes
Aldehydes (R-CHO) take the suffix "-al". Since they are always at the end of an alkane chain, they do not need a position number: HCHO (f...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia - Anticonvulsant
The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurre...
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Ylide: Encyclopedia - Ylide
An ylide is a neutral molecule with positive and negative charges on adjacent atoms.
The most common ylides are phosphonium ylides, used ...
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Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Encyclopedia - Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion between alcohols a...
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Benzaldehyde: Encyclopedia - Benzaldehyde
Infobox disclaimer and references
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is a chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent...
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Vanillin: Encyclopedia - Vanillin
Vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3. Its functional groups include ald...
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Vaginal Lubrication: Encyclopedia - Vaginal Lubrication
Vaginal lubrication is the naturally produced lubricating fluid that reduces friction during sexual intercourse. Vaginal dryness is the c...
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Carbonyl: Encyclopedia - Carbonyl
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The term carbonyl...
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Cinnamaldehyde: Encyclopedia - Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde
General
Physical
Safety
SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used.
Discla...
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Acetaldehyde: Encyclopedia - Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flamma...
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Aroma Compound: Encyclopedia Ii - Aroma Compound - Compounds
Aroma compound - Alcohols.
Benzyl alcohol (oxidises to benzaldehyde, almond)
cis-3-hexen-1-ol (fresh cut grass)
Ethyl maltol (sugary, ...
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Dimethylformamide: Encyclopedia Ii - Dimethylformamide - Uses
The primary use of dimethylformamide is as a solvent with low evaporation rate. Dimethylformamide is used in the production of acrylic fi...
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Tollens' Reagent: Encyclopedia Ii - Tollens' Reagent - Uses
The diamminesilver(I) complex is an oxidizing agent, which is itself reduced to silver metal, which in a clean glass reaction vessel form...
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Elias James Corey: Encyclopedia Ii - Elias James Corey - Major Contributions
Elias James Corey - Reagents.
He has developed several new synthetic reagents:
PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate): widely used for the ox...
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Ketone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ketone - Reactions
Ketone - Synthesis.
Ketones can be created by oxidation of secondary alcohols. The process requires a strong oxidising agent such as po...
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Ketone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ketone - Reactions
Ketone - Synthesis.
Ketones can be created by oxidation of secondary alcohols. The process requires a strong oxidising agent such as po...
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Triphenylphosphine: Encyclopedia Ii - Triphenylphosphine - Principal Organic Reactions
P(C6H5)3 is widely used in organic synthesis. Reaction of P(C6H5)3 with alkyl halides generates phosphonium salts, i.e. P(C6H5)3 + R-X --...
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Ketone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ketone - Physical Properties
A carbonyl group is polar. This makes ketones polar compounds. The carbonyl groups interact with water by hydrogen-bonding. It is a hydro...
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Coffee Roasting: Encyclopedia Ii - Coffee Roasting - Emissions And Control
Particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), organic acids, and combustion products are the principal emissions from coffee...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Carboxamides
Main article: Carboxamides
The following are carboxamides:
Carbamazepine (1965). A popular anticonvulsant that is available in generic f...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Hydantoins
Main article: Hydantoins
As hydantoins have a slow onset of action, they are not recommended for acute control of epilepsy.
The following...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Oxazolidinediones
Main article: Oxazolidinediones
The following are oxazolidinediones:
Paramethadione
Trimethadione (1946).
Ethadione
...
See also:Anti...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Succinimides
Main article: Succinimides
The following are succinimides:
Ethosuximide (1955).
Phensuximide
Mesuximide
...
See also:Anticonvulsant, ...
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Elias James Corey: Encyclopedia Ii - Elias James Corey - Major Contributions
Elias James Corey - Reagents.
He has developed several new synthetic reagents:
PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate): widely used for the ox...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Fatty Acids
Main article: Fatty acids
The following are fatty-acids:
The valproates — valproic acid, sodium valproate, and divalproex sodium (1978...
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Ketone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ketone - Nomenclature
Ketone - IUPAC.
In general, ketones are named using IUPAC nomenclature by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -one. For comm...
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Sodium Borohydride: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Borohydride - Reactivity
Sodium borohydride will convert aldehydes and ketones into alcohols but unlike the powerful reducing agent lithium aluminium hydride will...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Barbiturates
Main article: Barbiturates
Barbiturates are drugs that acts as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and by virtue of this they produ...
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Anticonvulsant: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticonvulsant - Benzodiazepines
Main article: Benzodiazepines
The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and muscle rel...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Carboxylic Acids
In general carboxylic acids are named with the suffix "-anoic acid". As for aldehydes, they take the "1" position on the parent chain, bu...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Alkenes And Alkynes
Alkenes are named for their parent alkane chain with the suffix "-ene" and an infixed number indicating the position of the double-bonded...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Alcohols
Alcohols (R-OH) drop the terminal "e" from the name of the parent alkane, and take the suffix "-ol" with an infix numerical bonding posit...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Esters
Esters (R-CO-O-R') are named as alkyl derivatives of carboxylic acids. The alkyl (R') group is named first. The R-CO-O part is then named...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Amines And Amides
Amines (R-NH2) are named for the attached alkane chain with the suffix "-amine" (e.g. CH3NH2 methanamine). If necessary, the bonding posi...
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Nitro Compound: Encyclopedia Ii - Nitro Compound - Preparation
In organic synthesis various methods exists to prepare nitro compounds.
Nitro compound - Aliphatic nitro compounds.
Nitromethane adds ...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Cyclic Compounds
Cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds can be treated as the main parent chain of the compound, in which case the position of substituents a...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Order Of Precedence Of Groups
When compounds contain more than one functional group, the order of precedence determines which groups are named with prefix or suffix fo...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Ions
The IUPAC nomenclature also provides rules for naming ions.
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Hydron.
Hydron is a generic term ...
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Carbohydrate: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbohydrate - Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides may be divided into aldoses, which have an aldehyde group on the first carbon atom, and ketoses, which typically have a k...
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Atc Code N05: Encyclopedia Ii - Atc Code N05 - N05a Antipsychotics
ATC code N05 - N05A Antipsychotics.
ATC code N05 - N05AA Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain.
N05AA01 Chlorpromazine
N05AA02 Levom...
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Wittig Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Wittig Reaction - Reaction Mechanism
Wittig reaction - Classical mechanism.
The steric bulk of the ylide 1 influences the stereochemical outcome of nucleophilic addition to...
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Acyloin: Encyclopedia Ii - Acyloin - Synthesis Of Acyloins
Classic organic reactions exist for the synthesis of acyloins.
The acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of esters
The benzoin co...
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Glucose: Encyclopedia Ii - Glucose - Structure
Glc contains six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose. Glc molecule can exist in an open-chai...
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Glucose: Encyclopedia Ii - Glucose - Structure
Glucose contains six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in ...
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Cyclophosphamide: Encyclopedia Ii - Cyclophosphamide - Mode Of Action
The main effect of cyclophosphamide is due to its metabolite phosphoramide mustard. This metabolite is only formed in cells which have lo...
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Alkyne: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkyne - Synthesis
Alkynes are generally prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal alkyl dihalides or the reaction of metal acetylides with primary alkyl h...
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Cinnamaldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Cinnamaldehyde - Structure And Physical Properties
A yellow oily liquid more viscous than water, cinnamaldehyde smells strongly of cinnamon.
Concentrated cinnamaldehyde is a skin irritant,...
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Nitro Compound: Encyclopedia Ii - Nitro Compound - Reactions
Nitro compounds participate in several organic reactions.
Nitro compound - Aliphatic nitro compounds.
Aliphatic nitro compounds are re...
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Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia Ii - Formaldehyde - Properties
Although formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, it is readily soluble in water, and it is most commonly sold as a 37% solution in wat...
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Furfural: Encyclopedia Ii - Furfural - Properties
Furfural's physical properties are summarized in the table at right. Furfural dissolves readily in most polar organic solvents, but is on...
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Drug Metabolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Drug Metabolism - Major Enzymes And Pathways
Several major enzymes and pathways are involved in drug metabolism, and can be divided into Phase I and Phase II reactions:
Drug metabol...
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Monosaccharide: Encyclopedia Ii - Monosaccharide - Structure
With few exceptions (e.g. deoxyribose), monosaccharides have the empirical chemical formula:
(CH2O)n
Monosaccharides contain either a k...
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Monoamine Oxidase: Encyclopedia Ii - Monoamine Oxidase - Function
Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting i...
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Alcohol: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol - Preparation Of Alcohols
Alcohol - Laboratory.
Several methods exist for the preparation of alcohols in the laboratory.
Primary Alkyl halides react with aqueou...
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Fischer Indole Synthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Fischer Indole Synthesis - Reaction Mechanism
On reaction of a (substituted) phenylhydrazine with an aldehyde or ketone a phenylhydrazone forms and isomerizes into the respective enam...
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Wittig Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Wittig Reaction - Scope & Limitations
The Wittig reaction has become a popular method for alkene synthesis precisely because of its wide applicability. Unlike elimination reac...
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Monosaccharide: Encyclopedia Ii - Monosaccharide - Structure
With few exceptions (e.g. deoxyribose), monosaccharides have the empirical chemical formula (CH2O)n and the chemical structure H(CHOH)nC=...
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Monoamine Oxidase: Encyclopedia Ii - Monoamine Oxidase - Function
Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting i...
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Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution - Reaction Mechanism
The reaction of a nucleophile with a polar carbonyl group such as a ketone or an aldehyde results in nucleophilic addition with a tetrahe...
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Sugar: Encyclopedia Ii - Sugar - Chemistry
In biochemistry, a sugar is the simplest molecule that can be identified as a carbohydrate. These include monosaccharides and disaccharid...
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Zaleplon: Encyclopedia Ii - Zaleplon - Mode Of Action
Taken orally, Zaleplon reaches full concentration in approximately one hour. It is extensively metabolised, into 5-oxo-zaleplon and 5-oxo...
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Monosaccharide: Encyclopedia Ii - Monosaccharide - Monosaccharide Nomenclature
Monosaccharides are classified by the number of carbon atoms they contain:
Monose, 1 carbon atom
Diose, 2 carbon atoms
Triose, 3 carbon ...
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Trehalose: Encyclopedia Ii - Trehalose - Chemistry
Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Alkanes
Straight-chain alkanes take the suffix "-ane" and are prefixed depending on the number of carbon atoms in the chain, as given by the foll...
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Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Iupac Nomenclature Of Organic Chemistry - Common Nomenclature
Common nomenclature is an older system of naming organic compounds.
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Ketones.
Common names for...
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Atc Code N05: Encyclopedia Ii - Atc Code N05 - N05b Anxiolytics
ATC code N05 - N05B Anxiolytics.
ATC code N05 - N05BA Benzodiazepine derivatives.
N05BA01 Diazepam
N05BA02 Chlordiazepoxide
N05BA03 Med...
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Aldol Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldol Reaction - Mechanisms
If an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an enol or enolate, it becomes nucleophilic at the α-carbon. This allows it to attack an electr...
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Dictionary
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Aldehyde:
Oceanography Dictionary - Aldehyde
Definition and meaning of aldehyde:
aldehyde - an organic molecule containing a -COH group. It is a colorless volatil...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin
The hypothesis of abiogenic petroleum origin (synonyms: abiotic, abyssal, endogenous, inorganic, juvenile, mineral, primordial) holds tha...
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Alcohol: Encyclopedia - Alcohol
In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكحول, al meaning 'the' and kukhul meaning 'spirit', the chemical) refers almost ...
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Ozone: Encyclopedia - Ozone
Ozone (O3) is an allotrope of oxygen, the molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms instead of the more stable diatomic O2.
Ozone is a pa...
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Oxygen: Encyclopedia - Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element in the periodic table. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. The element is very common, found not only o...
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Dictionary
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Acetal:
Oceanography Dictionary - Acetal
Definition and meaning of acetal:
acetal - any organic compound formed by adding alcohol molecules to aldehyde molecu...
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Ozone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone - Air Pollution
See main articles: Tropospheric ozone and Air pollution.
Ozone is not directly emitted by car engines or by industrial operations themsel...
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Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol Dehydrogenase - In Humans
In humans, the enzyme is contained in the lining of the stomach and in the liver. It catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde:
...
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Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - Characteristics
At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen exists as a diatomic molecule with the formula O2, in which the two oxygen atoms are doubly ...
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Alkene: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkene - Structure Of Alkenes
Alkene - Shape of Alkenes.
As predicted by the VSEPR model of electron pair replusion, in the molecular geometry of alkenes the bond an...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Evidence Supporting Abiogenic Theory
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields.
Russian geologist Nikolai Kudryavtsev was also a prominent and forceful advocate of...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Comparison Of Theories
There are two theories about the origin of carbon fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. These theories have been intensely...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Methane On Earth
Methane is typically found on Earth, when not in natural gas deposits, in methane hydrate deposits under high pressure under the deep aby...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Evidence Supporting Biogenic Theory
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits.
While it is true that some oil fields do not conform to the standard model of a fixed am...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Ambiguous Results
- Ongoing research has changed the status of some information. For example, the evidence of some biomarkers which were interpreted as sup...
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Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Petroleum Origin, Peak Oil, And Politics
Many aspects of the abiogenic theory were developed in the former Soviet Union by Russian and Ukrainian scientists during the Cold War. S...
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Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcohol Dehydrogenase - In Yeast And Bacteria
In yeast and many bacteria, alcohol dehydrogenase plays an important part in fermentation: pyruvate resulting from glycolysis is converte...
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Ozone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone - Industrial Production
Industrially, ozone is produced with short wavelength ultraviolet radiation from a mercury vapor lamp or the application of a high voltag...
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Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - History
Oxygen was first discovered by Michał Sędziwój, Polish alchemist and philosopher in late 16th century. Sędziwój assumed the existenc...
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Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - Applications
Liquid oxygen finds use as an oxidizer in rocket propulsion. Oxygen is essential to respiration, so oxygen supplementation has found use ...
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Oxygen: Encyclopedia Ii - Oxygen - Precautions
Oxygen can be toxic at elevated partial pressures (i.e. high relative concentrations). This is important in some forms of scuba diving, s...
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Ozone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone - Ozone Layer
See main article: Ozone layer.
The highest levels of ozone in the atmosphere are in the stratosphere, in a region also known as the ozone...
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Ozone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone - Use In Industry
Ozone can be used for bleaching substances and for killing bacteria. Many municipal drinking water systems kill bacteria with ozone inste...
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Ozone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ozone - Use In Medicine
Ozone, along with hypochlorite ions, is naturally produced by white blood cells and the roots of marigolds as a means of destroying forei...
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Oceanography
Sitemap I - A
This is a
sitemap for Oceanography -
A . Click on a link and you will
find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The ...
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Popular Pages
Sitemap Vi - A
This is a
sitemap for Popular Pages VI - A . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles
related to the word.
...
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Oceanography
Sitemap I - A-z
This is a
sitemap for Oceanography -
A-Z . Click on a link and you will
find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. Th...
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