Alcohol - Structure

Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Alcohol

In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكحول, al meaning 'the' and kukhul meaning 'spirit', the chemical) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). This sense underlies the term alcoholism (addiction to alcohol). Other forms of alcohol are usually described with a clarifying adjective, as in isopropyl alcohol or by the suffix -ol, as in isopropanol. As a drug, com ...

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Alcohol - Structure

Alcohol - Methanol & ethanol

Alcohol - Reactions of alcohols

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia II - Alcohol - Structure The functional group of an alcohol is a hydroxyl group bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon. It can therefore be regarded as a derivative of water, with an alkyl group replacing one of the hydrogens. If an aryl group is present rather than an alkyl, the compound is generally called a phenol rather than an alcohol. The oxygen in an alcohol has a bond angle of around 109° (c.f. 104.5° in water), and two nonbonded electron pairs. The O-H bond in methanol (CH3OH) is around 96 picometres long. Alcohol - Primary se ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Butanol

Butanol is a higher alcohol with a 4 carbon atom structure and a general formula of C4H10O. There are 4 different isomeric structures for butanol: butan-1-ol CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH (also n-butanol) butan-2-ol CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 (also sec-butanol) isobutyl alcohol CH3-CH-CH3 | ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Chavicol

Chavicol, or p-allylphenol, is a natural organic compound. Its chemical structure consists of a benzene ring substituted with a hydroxy group and a propenyl group. It is a colorless liquid found together with terpenes in betel oil. It is miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Chavicol is used as an odorant in perfumery. See also. Estragole, the methyl ether Safrole, a methylenedioxy analog ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Vinyl

A vinyl is an organic molecule containing a vinyl, or ethene group. This term is especially used in relationship to vinyl polymers and plastics. The structure is represented as H2C=CHR where R represents a functional group such as a hydrocarbon or halogen. The vinyl group is also at the core of all allyl groups. Polyvinyl chloride - PVC - is made by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride (chloroethene) CH2=CHCl Polyvinyl alcohol - PVA - is made by polymerization of the monomer vinyl alco ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Chlormethiazole

Chlormethiazole is a sedative and hypnotic that is widely used in treating and preventing symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. It is a drug which is structurally related to thiamine (vitamin B1) but acts like a barbiturate, that is, a sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant. The drug acts on receptors in the brain known as GABA receptors, which cause the release of a chemical called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is a major inhibitory chemical in the brain involved in causing sleepiness and controlling anx ...

Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. It melts at -123.5° C and boils at 21 °C. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in ripe fruit, coffee, and fresh bread and is produced by plants as part of their normal metabolism. In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is then further converted into the harmless acetic acid by acetaldehyde deh ...

Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Arecoline

Arecoline is a natural organic compound which is an alkaloid found in betel nuts from the betel palm (Areca catechu). It is an oily liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and ether. In many Asian cultures, the betel nut is chewed to obtain a stimulating effect. Arecoline is the primary active ingredient responsible for the central nervous system affects which are roughly comparable to those of nicotine, which has a similar chemical structure. Arecoline is known to be an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, which is believed to be the primary cause of its parasympathetic effects. Arecoline ha ...

Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Alcoholism

Alcoholism is a dependency on alcoholic beverages characterized by craving (a strong need to drink), loss of control (being unable to stop drinking despite a desire to do so), physical dependence, tolerance (increasing difficulty in becoming drunk), and withdrawal symptoms. It can also be described as an addiction to alcoholic beverages that results in a consumption of alcohol in circumstances that damage one's ability to pursue one's other desires. Alcoholism - Biological mechanism. The consumption of alco ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Adult

The term adult describes any mature organism, but normally it refers to a human: one that is no longer a child / minor and is now either a man or a woman. Coming of age is the event of becoming an adult, i.e. of entering adulthood. Legally it means that one can engage in a contract. The same or a different minimum age may be applicable to, for example, parents losing parenting rights and duties regarding the person concerned, parents losing financial responsibility, marriage, voting, having a job, being a soldier, buying ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Aldehyde

An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. (Where -R represents the carbon chain.) Aldehyde - Structure. The aldehyde functional group is a carbon atom bonded to a carbonyl group and a hydrogen atom. Aldehyde - α carbon & α hydrogen. An α (alpha) carbon is a carbon adjacent to a carbonyl group. An α hydrogen is a hydrogen atom bonded to the α carbon. The pKa of an α ...

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Aldehyde - Structure

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a gastroenterological disease, featuring inflammation of the liver. The clinical signs and prognosis, as well as the therapy, depend on the cause. Hepatitis - Signs and symptoms. Hepatitis is characterised by fatigue, malaise, joint aches, abdominal pain, vomiting 2-3 times per day for the first 5 days, loss of appetite, dark urine, fever, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and jaundice (icterus). Some chronic forms of hepatitis show very few of these signs and only present when the longstanding inf ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Anthraquinone

Anthraquinone (9,10-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic organic compound whose structure is shown to the right. It is a derivative of anthracene. It has the appearance of yellow or light gray to gray-green solid crystalline powder. Its chemical formula is C14H8O2. Its CAS number is 84-65-1[1] and its SMILES structure is O=C2c1ccccc1 C(c3c2cccc ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as COOH. In general, the salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. The simplest series of carboxylic acids are the alkanoic acids, R-COOH, where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl group. Compounds may also have two or more carboxylic acid groups per molecule. Carboxylic acid - Acidity electron distribution and resonance. Carboxylic ac ...

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Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia - Cholic acid

Cholic acid is a bile acid, a white crystalline substance insoluble in water, with melting point at 200-201 °C. Its salt is called cholate. Cholic acid is one of the 4 main acids produced by the liver. It is soluble in alcohol and acetic acid. It forms a conjugate with taurine, yielding taurocholic acid. Cholic acid is also called 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid. Its summary chemical formula is C24H40O5. Cholic ...

Alcohol - Structure: Encyclopedia II - Alcoholics Anonymous - A.A. religion and the law

U.S. judges continue to offer defendants the choice of attending A.A., or going to prison. A federal appeals court ruled in 1999 that doing so compromises Americans' constitutional right not to have religion dictated to them by government - because A.A. suggests that a belief in a higher power (and making a decision to turn one's will and life over to the care of a God of one's understanding, per the third step) is necessary to achieve reco ...

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