Alcohol - Dehydration

Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Alcohol

In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكحول, al meaning 'the' and kukhul meaning 'spirit', the chemical) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). This sense underlies the term alcoholism (addiction to alcohol). Other forms of alcohol are usually described with a clarifying adjective, as in isopropyl alcohol or by the suffix -ol, as in isopropanol. As a drug, com ...

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Alcohol - Structure

Alcohol - Methanol & ethanol

Alcohol - Reactions of alcohols

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia II - Alcohol - Structure The functional group of an alcohol is a hydroxyl group bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon. It can therefore be regarded as a derivative of water, with an alkyl group replacing one of the hydrogens. If an aryl group is present rather than an alkyl, the compound is generally called a phenol rather than an alcohol. The oxygen in an alcohol has a bond angle of around 109° (c.f. 104.5° in water), and two nonbonded electron pairs. The O-H bond in methanol (CH3OH) is around 96 picometres long. Alcohol - Primary se ...

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Drunkenness

Drunkenness, in its most common usage, is the state of being intoxicated with alcohol (i.e. ethanol) to a sufficient degree to impair mental and motor functioning. A person who is habitually intoxicated in this manner is labeled an alcoholic, often referred to as a "drunk" (a shortened form of the more traditional term "drunkard") or colloquially as a "lush," "alco" or "jakey". Drunkenness can also be used to describe the effects of any number of illegal drugs. (More ...

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Drunkenness - Cultural attitudes

Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia, also known as heat stroke or sunstroke, is an acute condition which occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate. It is usually due to excessive exposure to heat. The heat-regulating mechanisms of the body eventually become overwhelmed and unable to effectively deal with the heat, and body temperature climbs uncontrollably. This is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate hospitalization. Body temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are life-threatening. At 41 °C (106 °F ...

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Drinking

Drinking is the act of consuming a liquid through the mouth. Water is required for many of the body's physiological processes, and excess or decreased water intake is associated with health problems. "Drinking" may refer specifically to alcoholism depending on the context in which the term is used. Drinking - Physiology. A daily intake of 1-2 liters of water is required for the normal physiological functioning of the body, depending on the ambient weather conditions. The absolute minimum over the long term ...

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Xerostomia

Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. Xerostomia is sometimes colloquially called pasties or cottonmouth, the latter especially when occurring as a side effect, primarily after smoking marijuana or during a hangover. Xerostomia can cause difficulty in speech and eating. It also leads to halitosis and a dramatic rise in the number of cavities, as the protective effect of saliva is no longer present, and can make the ...

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Paresthesia

Paresthesia (paraesthesia in British English) is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause, more generally known as the feeling of pins and needles. Transient paresthesia is usually caused by inadvertent pressure on a superficial nerve, such as sitting in a position for an extended period of time, and disappears gradually as the pressure is relieved. Other kinds of paresthesia, however, can be chronic and pai ...

Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Boric acid

Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds. It exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water. It has the chemical formula H3BO3, sometimes written B(OH)3. Boric acid - Preparation. Boric acid is produced mainly from borate minerals by the reaction with sulfuric acid. The largest source of bora ...

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia - Headache

A headache (medically known as cephalgia) is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes upper back or neck pain may also be interpreted as a headache. Headache is the second-most common form of local pain. (The most common is molar pain, i.e. toothache in one or more of the flat-crowned teeth used for grinding food.) Headaches have a wide variety of causes, ranging from eyestrain to inflammation of the sinus cavities to life-threatening conditions such as encephalitis, brain cancer, meningitis, and cerebra ...

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Alcohol - Dehydration: Encyclopedia II - Effects of alcohol on the body - Metabolism of alcohol and action on the liver

The liver contains a special enzyme (alcohol dehydrogenase) that breaks down alcohols into acetaldehyde, which is turned into acetic acid by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and then yet another enzyme converts the acetate into fats or carbon dioxide and water. The fats are mostly deposited locally which leads to the characteristic "beer belly". Chronic drinkers, however, so tax this metabolic pathway that things go awry: fatty acids build up as plaques in the capillaries around liver cells and those cells begin to die, which leads to ...

Alcohol - Dehydration

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