An alcoholate is a crystalline compound of a salt within an alcoholic solution. Other related archivesalcoholic, compound, salt, solution

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Including:

• Alcohol - Structure
• Alcohol - Methanol & ethanol
• Alcohol - Uses
• Alcohol - Sources
• Alcohol - Nomenclature
• Alcohol - Systematic names
• Alcohol - Etymology
• Alcohol - Physical and chemical properties
• Alcohol - Toxicity
• Alcohol - Preparation of alcohols
• Alcohol - Laboratory
• Alcohol - Industrial
• Alcohol - Reactions of alcohols
• Alcohol - Deprotonation
• Alcohol - Nucleophilic substitution
• Alcohol - Dehydration
• Alcohol - Esterification
• Alcohol - Oxidation

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Alcoholism is a dependency on alcoholic beverages characterized by craving (a strong need to drink), loss of control (being unable to stop drinking despite a desire to do so), physical dependence, tolerance (increasing difficulty in becoming drunk), and withdrawal symptoms. It can also be described as an addiction to alcoholic beverages that results in a consumption of alcohol in circumstances that damage one's ability to pursue one's other desires. Alcoholism - Biological mechanism. The consumption of alco ...

Including:

• Alcoholism - Biological mechanism
• Alcoholism - Alcoholism as a disease
• Alcoholism - Effects
• Alcoholism - Screening
• Alcoholism - Blood tests
• Alcoholism - Medical effects
• Alcoholism - Treatments
• Alcoholism - Social impact
• Alcoholism - Social versus physical dependence
• Alcoholism - Politics and public health
• Alcoholism - Alcohol withdrawal

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Alcohol - Deprotonation. Alcohols can behave as weak acids, undergoing deprotonation. The deprotonation reaction to produce an alkoxide salt is either performed with a strong base such as sodium hydride or n-butyllithium, or with sodium or potassium metal. 2 R-OH + 2 NaH → 2 R-O-Na+ + H2↑ 2 R-OH + 2Na → 2R-O−Na+ e.g. 2 CH3CH2-OH + 2 Na → 2 CH3-CH ...

See also:

Alcohol, Alcohol - Structure, Alcohol - Primary secondary and tertiary alcohols, Alcohol - Methanol & ethanol, Alcohol - Uses, Alcohol - Sources, Alcohol - Nomenclature, Alcohol - Systematic names, Alcohol - Etymology, Alcohol - Physical and chemical properties, Alcohol - Toxicity, Alcohol - Preparation of alcohols, Alcohol - Laboratory, Alcohol - Industrial, Alcohol - Reactions of alcohols, Alcohol - Deprotonation, Alcohol - Nucleophilic substitution, Alcohol - Dehydration, Alcohol - Esterification, Alcohol - Oxidation

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Alcohol equivalence refers to the fact that United States standard drinks of alcoholic beverages contain equivalent amounts of alcohol, which is .6 ounces each. A standards drink consist of (a) a 12-ounce bottle or can of regular beer (b), a 5-ounce glass of regular (dinner) dinner wine, and (c) a one and ½ ounce drink of 80 proof (40%) distilled spirits or liquor (either straight or in a mixed drink). The facts of alcohol beverage equivalence are emphasized as important to drinking in moderation and avoiding excessive ...

Including:

• Alcohol equivalence - Source

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Alcohol receiver, or alcohol-receiver, refers to the receptacle for receiving alcohol after distillation. It is used to denote anything with which alcohol can be received in, for scientific or recreational purposes. Categories: Wikipedia articles needing factual verification | Distillation Other related archivesDistillation, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification, alcohol, distillation

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There are eight isomers of amyl alcohol (C5H11OH): or neopentyl alcohol or tertiary amyl alcohol Three of these alcohols, active amyl alcohol, methyl (n) propyl carbinol, and methyl isopropyl carbinol, contain an asymmetric carbon atom and can consequently each exist in two optically active, and one optically inactive form. The most important is isobutyl carbinol, this being the chief constituent of fermentation amyl alcohol, and consequently a constituent of fusel oil. It may b ...

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Alcoholic beverages are drinks containing ethanol. Alcoholic beverages have been widely consumed since prehistoric times by people around the world, seeing use as a component of the standard diet, for hygienic or medical reasons, for their relaxant and euphoric effects, for recreational purposes, for artistic inspiration, as aphrodisiacs, and for other reasons. Some have been invested with symbolic or religious significance suggesting the mystical use of alcohol, e.g., by Greco-Roman religion in the ecstatic rituals of Dionysus (also called Bacchus), god of drink and revelry ...

Including:

• Alcoholic beverage - Chemistry
• Alcoholic beverage - Alcoholic content
• Alcoholic beverage - Flavoring
• Alcoholic beverage - History
• Alcoholic beverage - Fermented beverages
• Alcoholic beverage - Distilled beverages
• Alcoholic beverage - Uses
• Alcoholic beverage - Legal considerations
• Alcoholic beverage - Types of alcoholic beverages
• Alcoholic beverage - Non-distilled beverages
• Alcoholic beverage - Distilled beverages

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Alcoholics Anonymous (known commonly as "A.A." or "AA") is a world-wide fellowship of alcoholics whose primary purpose is to stay sober and carry the message of recovery from alcoholism through the Twelve Steps. A.A. is the original twelve-step program and has been the source and model for all subsequent and separate ones, such as Gamblers Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Sexaholics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, and Al-Anon/Alateen. An earlier group for alcoholics, known as the Washingtonians, fell apart when it tried to br ...

Including:

• Alcoholics Anonymous - History and development
• Alcoholics Anonymous - How the A.A. program works
• Alcoholics Anonymous - Beliefs about alcoholism
• Alcoholics Anonymous - Structure
• Alcoholics Anonymous - A.A. religion and the law
• Alcoholics Anonymous - Discussion of the Merits of A.A.
• Alcoholics Anonymous - AA's Supporters
• Alcoholics Anonymous - AA's Critics
• Alcoholics Anonymous - Literature
• Alcoholics Anonymous - Dramatic Portrayals

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Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. In humans and many other animals, they serve to break down alcohols which could otherwise be toxic; in yeast and many bacteria they catalyze the opposite reaction as part of fermentation. The EC number of alcohol dehydrogenases is EC 1.1.1.1; their CAS number is 9031-72-5. Alcohol dehydrogenase - In humans. In humans, the enzyme is contained ...

Including:

• Alcohol dehydrogenase - In humans
• Alcohol dehydrogenase - In yeast and bacteria
• Alcohol dehydrogenase - Insects
• Alcohol dehydrogenase - Iron containing

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Alcohol tolerance refers to a decreased response to the effects of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. This reduced sensitivity requires that higher quantities of alcohol be consumed in order to achieve the same effects as before tolerance began to occur. The cause of alcohol tolerance is an elevated amount of Alcohol dehydrogenases (a group of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of alcohol) in the liver, and in the bloodstream. This increased enzyme concentration prevents alcohol building up quickly, seemingly reducing its effects. This response to continual high doses of a drug is natu ...

Including:

• Alcohol tolerance - Reference
• Alcohol tolerance - External link

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Alcohol by volume (ABV) is an indication of how much alcohol (expressed as a percentage) is included in an alcoholic beverage. This measurement is assumed as the world standard, although in the United States the predominant measurement is Alcohol by weight (also known as ABW). Another, outdated way of specifying the amount of alcohol is alcoholic proof. Alcohol by volume - Typical examples. beer: 3-8% alcopop: 4-7% cider: 5-7% barley wine: 10% wine: 1 ...

Including:

• Alcohol by volume - Typical examples
• Alcohol by volume - Conversion quotients

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Alcoholic proof is a measure of how much ethanol is in an alcoholic beverage, and is approximately twice the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV, the unit that is commonly used today). Alcoholic proof - Origins. This system dates to the 18th century, and perhaps earlier, when spirits were graded with gunpowder: a solution of water and alcohol "proved" itself when you could pour it on a pinch of gunpowder and still ignite the wet powder. If it didn't ignite, the solution had too much water in it and the pro ...

Including:

• Alcoholic proof - Origins
• Alcoholic proof - Regulations
• Alcoholic proof - EU
• Alcoholic proof - British proof spirits
• Alcoholic proof - United States
• Alcoholic proof - Alcohol during production

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Alcohol advertising Cosmetic advertising Gambling advertising Mobile phone content advertising Tobacco advertising Alcohol advertising is the promotion of alcoholic beverages by the alcohol industry through a variety of media. Along with tobacco advertising, it is one of the most highly-regulated forms of marketing. Alcohol advertising - Campaign intentions. Many advertising campaigns have attempted to increase consumption, brand and customer loyalty. < ...

Including:

• Alcohol advertising - Campaign intentions
• Alcohol advertising - Target markets
• Alcohol advertising - Methods of advertising
• Alcohol advertising - Advertising around the world
• Alcohol advertising - United Kingdom
• Alcohol advertising - Responsible drinking campaigns
• Alcohol advertising - Sponsorship in sport
• Alcohol advertising - Famous campaigns
• Alcohol advertising - Guinness

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Alcoholic liver disease is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, caused by alcohol. (In Asian countries, viral hepatitis is the major cause.) Alcoholic liver disease - Effects of alcohol. ICD-10 codes are provided below. Alcoholic liver disease - Fatty change K70.0. Fatty change is the accumulation of fat in liver cells which can be seen as fatty globules under the microscope. Alcoholism causes large fatty globules (macrovesicular steatosis). Small fatty ...

Including:

• Alcoholic liver disease - Effects of alcohol
• Alcoholic liver disease - Fatty change K70.0
• Alcoholic liver disease - Alcoholic hepatitis K70.1
• Alcoholic liver disease - Liver fibrosis K70.2
• Alcoholic liver disease - Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver K70.3 and Alcoholic hepatic failure K70.4

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Blood alcohol content (or blood alcohol concentration), often abbreviated BAC, is the concentration of alcohol in blood, measured, by volume, as a percentage. For example, a BAC rating of 0.20 means 1 part per 500 in an individual's blood is alcohol. In many countries, the BAC is measured and reported as milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (mg/100ml). Number of drinks consumed is a poor measure of intoxication, because of variation according to body weight. One drink (unit of alcohol) ...

Including:

• Blood alcohol content - Metabolism and excretion
• Blood alcohol content - Test assumptions
• Blood alcohol content - External link

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Alcohol (ethanol) is a potent drug with a range of side effects. The amount and circumstances of consumption play a large part in determining the extent of intoxication, e.g. consuming alcohol after a heavy meal is less likely to produce visible signs of intoxication than consumption on an empty stomach. Hydration also plays a role, especially in determining the extent of hangovers. Alcohol has a biphasic effect on the body, which is to say that its effects change over time. Initially, alcohol generally produces feelings of relaxation ...

Including:

• Effects of alcohol on the body - Intoxication
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Action on the brain
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Carcinogenic effects
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Metabolism of alcohol and action on the liver
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Dehydration
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Hangover
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Beneficial effects of alcohol
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Effects by dose
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Moderate doses
• Effects of alcohol on the body - Excessive doses

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This description of alcohol consumption and health focuses on the health effects of the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. Moderate consumption typically means the consumption of 1 to 3 drinks of an alcoholic beverage a day; the number varies with age and gender. It does not address heavy or abusive drinking: It is widely recognized that over-drinking is harmful: alcohol abuse can damage human cells and organ ...

Including:

• Alcohol consumption and health - Related

Read more here: » Alcohol consumption and health: Encyclopedia - Alcohol consumption and health

Alcohol-related traffic crashes are defined by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to include any and all vehicular (including bicycle and motorcycle) accidents in which any alcohol has been consumed, or believed to have been consumed, by the driver, a passenger or a pedestrian associated with the accident. Thus, if a person who has consumed alcohol and has stopped for a red light and is rear-ended by a completely sober but inattentive driver, the accident is listed as alcohol-related, although alcohol had nothing to do with causing the accidenl. Alcohol-related ...

Including:

• Alcohol-related traffic crashes - Sources

Read more here: » Alcohol-related traffic crashes: Encyclopedia - Alcohol-related traffic crashes

There are several distinct but not mutually exclusive clinical alcohol withdrawal syndromes caused by alcohol withdrawal: Tremulousness - "the shakes" Activation syndrome - characterized by tremulousness, agitation, rapid heart beat and high blood pressure. Seizures - acute grand mal seizures can occur in alcohol withdrawal in patients who have no history of seizure or any structural brain disease. Hallucinations - usually visual or tactile in alcoholics Delirium tr ...

See also:

Alcoholism, Alcoholism - Discussion, Alcoholism - Diagnosis, Alcoholism - Biological mechanism, Alcoholism - As a disease, Alcoholism - Effects, Alcoholism - Long-term, Alcoholism - Screening, Alcoholism - Blood tests, Alcoholism - Treatments, Alcoholism - Social impact, Alcoholism - Social versus physical dependence, Alcoholism - Politics and public health, Alcoholism - Alcohol withdrawal

Read more here: » Alcoholism: Encyclopedia II - Alcoholism - Alcohol withdrawal