Ganji was on a hunger strike for more than 80 days from May 19, 2005 until early August, 2005 [1] except for a 12-day period of leave he was granted on May 30, 2005 ahead of the ninth presidential elections on June 17, 2005. His hunger strike was ended under unknown conditions and heavy security and infrmation quatantine in Milad hospital in Tehran while many feared his death. He is represented by a group of lawyers, including the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Shirin Ebadi. While on hunger strike Ganji wrote two ...

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Akbar Ganji, Akbar Ganji - Hunger strike, Akbar Ganji - Writings, Akbar Ganji - Awards and honors

Read more here: » Akbar Ganji: Encyclopedia II - Akbar Ganji - Hunger strike

In sheer frustration, Akbar Khan started discourses with other armed forces officers to form a group to stage a military coup. The government also became suspicious of his moves. Akbar Khan's wife, Begum Nasim (daughter of the famous Muslim League woman politician Begum Shah Nawaz), was quite indiscreet in her conversation, criticizing the Government and its policies before all and sundry, as did Akbar Khan himself, to some exten ...

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Akbar Khan Pakistan, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Early life and the army, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Indo-Pakistan War 1948, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Change of heart, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy begins, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The Communist Party connection, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The day and co-conspirators, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The probable leak, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy foiled, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The trial, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The aftermath

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The first four persons to be arrested were the Chief of General Staff Major General Akbar Khan, the Brigade Commander of Quetta, Brigadier M.A. Latif Khan, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Akbar's wife Nasim. Later some other people were also picked up. But one of the accused, Mohammed Hussain Ata, who was underground eluded arrest for a long time. He was eventually arrested in East Pakistan about a month after the trial proceedings had commenced. Most of the accused were originally kept in various Lahore jails and later shifted to Hyderabad jail ...

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Akbar Khan Pakistan, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Early life and the army, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Indo-Pakistan War 1948, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Change of heart, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy begins, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The Communist Party connection, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The day and co-conspirators, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The probable leak, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy foiled, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The trial, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The aftermath

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Before revolution Rafsanjani was a activits against Shah regime and has been jailed on that period. Rafsanjani was a key member of Iran's Revolutionary Council at the beginning of the new Islamic Republic, together with Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Morteza Motahhari, and Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili. A cleric by profession, Rafsanjani became the first head for the new Iranian Parliament after t ...

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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Political life, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Personal life, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Quotes

Read more here: » Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: Encyclopedia II - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Political life

It was during this period that he first became dissatisfied with the moral and material support being given to the Pakistani fighters by Liaquat Ali Khan's government. He also had a grudge against General Douglas David Gracey, then C-in-C of the Pakistan Army, who had put a brake on the deeper involvement of the army on the Kashmir front. Akbar Khan was of the opinion – rightly or wrongly – that acceptance of the ceasefire in Kashmir was a mistake and the armed strug ...

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Akbar Khan Pakistan, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Early life and the army, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Indo-Pakistan War 1948, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Change of heart, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy begins, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The Communist Party connection, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The day and co-conspirators, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The probable leak, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy foiled, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The trial, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The aftermath

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Humayun's untimely death in 1556 left the task of conquest and imperial consolidation to his thirteen-year-old son, Jalal-ud-Din Akbar (r.1556–1605). Following a decisive military victory at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556, the regent Bayram Khan pursued a vigorous policy of expansion on Akbar's behalf. As soon as Akbar came of age, he began to free himself from the influences of overbearing ministers, court factions, and harem intrigues, and demonstrated his own capacity for judgment and leadership. A workaholic who seldom slept more ...

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Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Religion, Mughal Empire - Political Economy, Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur, Mughal Empire - Early Sikh Gurus' Perception of the Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Reign of Humayun, Mughal Empire - Reign of Akbar, Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire, Mughal Empire - Successors - the lesser Mughals, Mughal Empire - Contribution of Mughals in India, Mughal Empire - Alternate meanings

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In those days the Communist Party was under tremendous pressure from Liaquat Ali Khan's government. It was not being allowed to function openly as a political party. Arrest warrants had been issued for all the top leaders of the party — all the members of the party's central committee had gone underground. Ordinary workers and even sympathizers were often arrested, beaten, sent to the fearful Lahore Fort for interrogation and threatened with dire consequences if they did not break all connections wit ...

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Akbar Khan Pakistan, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Early life and the army, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Indo-Pakistan War 1948, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Change of heart, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy begins, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The Communist Party connection, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The day and co-conspirators, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The probable leak, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy foiled, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The trial, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The aftermath

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Rafsanjani was a key member of Iran's Revolutionary Council at the beginning of the new Islamic Republic, together with Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Morteza Motahhari, and Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili. A cleric by profession, Rafsanjani became the first speaker for the new Iranian Parliament after the beginning of the Islamic Republic and served until 1989. Rafsanjani served as President of Iran from August 17, 1989 to 1997, and was the first president of Iran to step down willingly: of his predecessors, Abolhassan Banisadr was successfully impeached, Mohammad Ali Rajai was ass ...

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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Personal life, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Political life, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Relations with the West

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Rafsanjani was born in the city of Rafsanjan, located in central Iran. From a marriage in 1958, Rafsanjani has three sons Mohsen, Mehdi, and Yasser (who was named after Yasser Arafat [1]), and also two daughters Fatemeh and Faezeh. Only Faezeh Hashemi took a political life, which led to her being a Majlis representative and then the publisher of the newspaper Zan. Rafsanjani is by far one of, if not the richest man in Iran he owns many properties in Iran around the town of Rafsanjan plus he has many connections in Iran's huge Oil indu ...

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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Political life, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Personal life, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Quotes

Read more here: » Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: Encyclopedia II - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Personal life

Akbar Khan was born in 1912 in a fairly affluent Pathan family. He received his education at Islamia College, Peshawar, and was chosen for the King's commission in the Army by the British. He received his military training at the famous Sandhurst military academy and started his career in the Frontier Force Rifles — one of the distinguished regiments of the British Indian Army. During the World War II he fought on the Burma front and was awarded the Distinguished Service OrderSee also:

Akbar Khan Pakistan, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Early life and the army, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Indo-Pakistan War 1948, Akbar Khan Pakistan - Change of heart, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy begins, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The Communist Party connection, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The day and co-conspirators, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The probable leak, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The conspiracy foiled, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The trial, Akbar Khan Pakistan - The aftermath

Read more here: » Akbar Khan Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Akbar Khan Pakistan - Early life and the army

The tale of the Marathas' rise to power and their eventual fall contains all the elements of a thriller: adventure, intrigue, and romanticism. Maratha chieftains were originally in the service of Bijapur sultans in the western Deccan, which was under siege by the Mughals. Shivaji Bhonsle (1627-80), a tenacious and fierce fighter recognized as the "father of the Maratha nation," took advantage of this conflict and carved out his own principality near Pune, which later became the Maratha capital. Adopting guerrilla tactics, he waylaid caravans ...

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Mughal era, Mughal era - The Mughal empire, Mughal era - Babur of Ferghana, Mughal era - Akbar, Mughal era - Aurangzeb, Mughal era - Arrival of the Europeans, Mughal era - The Marathas, Mughal era - The Nizams of Hyderabad, Mughal era - The Sikhs, Mughal era - The Coming of the Europeans, Mughal era - Literature

Read more here: » Mughal era: Encyclopedia II - Mughal era - The Marathas

Inspired by the Irish Republicans, Turkish political prisoners developed a tradition of hunger strikes, which continues to this day. After the suppression of rising civil socialist movements by a military coup in 1980, many militants as well as civil activists were imprisoned under highly inhumane conditions. In response to torture and mistreatment of political prisoners, the first hunger strike was launched in 1984, taking the lives of 4 Dev-Sol militants, Abdul ...

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Hunger strike, Hunger strike - Mahatma Gandhi, Hunger strike - British suffragettes, Hunger strike - Irish republicans, Hunger strike - Political prisoners in Turkey, Hunger strike - Gwynfor Evans, Hunger strike - Animal rights, Hunger strike - Akbar Ganji, Hunger strike - Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes, Hunger strike - Reference, Hunger strike - External link

Read more here: » Hunger strike: Encyclopedia II - Hunger strike - Political prisoners in Turkey

In the early 16th century, Muslim armies consisting of Mongol, Turkic, Persian, and Afghan warriors invaded India under the leadership of the Timurid prince Zahir-ud-Din-Mohammad Babur. Babur was the great-grandson of the Mongol conqueror Timur Lenk (Timur the Lame, from which the Western name Tamerlane is derived), who had invaded India and plundered Delhi in 1398 before retiring to Samarkand. Babur was driven from Samarkand by the Uzbeks and initially established his rule in Kabul in 1504. Later, taking advantage of internal discontent in ...

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Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Religion, Mughal Empire - Political Economy, Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur, Mughal Empire - Early Sikh Gurus' Perception of the Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Reign of Humayun, Mughal Empire - Reign of Akbar, Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire, Mughal Empire - Successors - the lesser Mughals, Mughal Empire - Contribution of Mughals in India, Mughal Empire - Alternate meanings

Read more here: » Mughal Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur

The quest for wealth and power brought Europeans to Indian shores in 1498 when Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese voyager, arrived in Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the west coast. In their search for spices and Christian converts, the Portuguese challenged Arab supremacy in the Indian Ocean, and, with their galleons fitted with powerful cannons, set up a network of strategic trading posts along the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. In 1510 the Portuguese took over the enclave of Goa, which became the center of their commercial and political power in India and w ...

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Mughal era, Mughal era - The Mughal empire, Mughal era - Babur of Ferghana, Mughal era - Akbar, Mughal era - Aurangzeb, Mughal era - Arrival of the Europeans, Mughal era - The Marathas, Mughal era - The Nizams of Hyderabad, Mughal era - The Sikhs, Mughal era - The Coming of the Europeans, Mughal era - Literature

Read more here: » Mughal era: Encyclopedia II - Mughal era - The Coming of the Europeans

Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned in 1922, 1930, 1933 and 1942. Because of Gandhi's notoriety around the world, it is widely viewed that British authorities did not wish to allow him die in custody. It is likely Britain's reputation would have suffered as a result of such an event. However, many also claim that Gandhi would not martyr himself without good reason. Gandhi engaged in two famous hunger strikes. The first protested British rule of India, and the second protested ...

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Hunger strike, Hunger strike - Mahatma Gandhi, Hunger strike - British suffragettes, Hunger strike - Irish republicans, Hunger strike - Political prisoners in Turkey, Hunger strike - Gwynfor Evans, Hunger strike - Animal rights, Hunger strike - Akbar Ganji, Hunger strike - Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes, Hunger strike - Reference, Hunger strike - External link

Read more here: » Hunger strike: Encyclopedia II - Hunger strike - Mahatma Gandhi

In the early 20th Century suffragettes frequently endured hunger strikes in British prisons. Marion Dunlop was the first in 1909. She was released as the authorities did not want her to become a martyr. Other suffragettes in prison also undertook hunger strikes. The prison authorities subjected them to force-feeding, which they categorised as a form of torture. Mary Clarke and several others died as a result of force-feeding. In 1913 the Prisoner's Temporary Discharge of Ill Health Act (nicknamed the "Cat and Mouse Act") changed polic ...

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Hunger strike, Hunger strike - Mahatma Gandhi, Hunger strike - British suffragettes, Hunger strike - Irish republicans, Hunger strike - Political prisoners in Turkey, Hunger strike - Gwynfor Evans, Hunger strike - Animal rights, Hunger strike - Akbar Ganji, Hunger strike - Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes, Hunger strike - Reference, Hunger strike - External link

Read more here: » Hunger strike: Encyclopedia II - Hunger strike - British suffragettes

Mughal rule under Jahangir (1605-27) and Shah Jahan (1628-58) was noted for political stability, brisk economic activity, beautiful paintings, and monumental buildings. Jahangir married a Persian princess whom he renamed Nur Jehan (Light of the World), who emerged as the most powerful individual in the court besides the emperor. As a result, Persian poets, artists, scholars, and officers--including her own family members--lured by the Mughal court's brilliance and luxury, found asylum in India. The number of unproductive, time-serving office ...

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Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Religion, Mughal Empire - Political Economy, Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur, Mughal Empire - Reign of Humayun, Mughal Empire - Reign of Akbar, Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire, Mughal Empire - Descendants, Mughal Empire - Alternate meanings

Read more here: » Mughal Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan

During the summer of 2005 the security detainees the United States is holding in their prison at the Guantanamo Bay Naval base, initiated two widespread hunger strikes. The first hunger strike ended on July 28, 2005, when prison authorities agreed to make concessions. According to some accounts half a dozen detainees were then close to death. According to some accounts so many detainees were being forced to receive intravenous rehydration that the prison's well-equipped infirmary was overwhe ...

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Hunger strike, Hunger strike - Mahatma Gandhi, Hunger strike - British suffragettes, Hunger strike - Irish republicans, Hunger strike - Political prisoners in Turkey, Hunger strike - Gwynfor Evans, Hunger strike - Animal rights, Hunger strike - Akbar Ganji, Hunger strike - Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes, Hunger strike - Reference, Hunger strike - External link

Read more here: » Hunger strike: Encyclopedia II - Hunger strike - Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes

The last of the great Mughals was Aurangzeb. During his fifty-year reign, the empire reached its greatest physical size but also showed the unmistakable signs of decline. The bureaucracy had grown corrupt, and the huge army demonstrated outdated weaponry and tactics. Aurangzeb restored Mughal military dominance and expanded power southward, at least for a while. Aurangzeb was involved in a series of protracted wars: against the Pathans in Afghanistan, the sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda in the Deccan, the Marathas in Maharashtra and t ...

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Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Religion, Mughal Empire - Political Economy, Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur, Mughal Empire - Reign of Humayun, Mughal Empire - Reign of Akbar, Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire, Mughal Empire - Descendants, Mughal Empire - Alternate meanings

Read more here: » Mughal Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire

The last of the great Mughals was Aurangzeb. During his fifty-year reign, the empire reached its greatest physical size but also showed unmistakable signs of decline. The bureaucracy had grown corrupt; the huge army used outdated weaponry and tactics. Aurangzeb restored Mughal military dominance and expanded power southward, at least for a while. Aurangzeb was involved in a series of protracted wars: against the Pathans in Afghanistan, the sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda in the Deccan, the Marathas in Maharashtra and the Ahoms in Assam. Peas ...

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Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Religion, Mughal Empire - Political Economy, Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur, Mughal Empire - Early Sikh Gurus' Perception of the Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Reign of Humayun, Mughal Empire - Reign of Akbar, Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire, Mughal Empire - Successors - the lesser Mughals, Mughal Empire - Contribution of Mughals in India, Mughal Empire - Alternate meanings

Read more here: » Mughal Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire

Mughal rule under Jahangir (1605-27) and Shah Jahan (1628-58) was noted for political stability, brisk economic activity, beautiful paintings, and monumental buildings. Jahangir married a Persian princess whom he renamed Nur Jehan (Light of the World), who emerged as the most powerful individual in the court besides the emperor. As a result, Persian poets, artists, scholars, and officers--including her own family members--lured by the Mughal court's brilliance and luxury, found asylum in India. The number of unproductive, time-serving office ...

See also:

Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Religion, Mughal Empire - Political Economy, Mughal Empire - Establishment and reign of Babur, Mughal Empire - Early Sikh Gurus' Perception of the Mughal Empire, Mughal Empire - Reign of Humayun, Mughal Empire - Reign of Akbar, Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Empire - Reign of Aurangzeb and decline of empire, Mughal Empire - Successors - the lesser Mughals, Mughal Empire - Contribution of Mughals in India, Mughal Empire - Alternate meanings

Read more here: » Mughal Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mughal Empire - Reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan