Ancient literary evidence shows that like the Kuru/Uttarakuru, Madra/Uttaramadra, China/Parama-China, Yona/Parama-Yona, there were also two Kamboja settlements....one located in Pamir/Badakshan and beyond which was known as Parama-Kamboja and the second was located on south of Hindukush in Paropamisadae region, as far as Rajauri in west of Kashmir, which was known as Kamboja. Kamboja Location - Mahabharata evidence. This existence of two Kamboja settlements is powerfully substantiated from Mahabharata vers ...

See also:

Kamboja Location, Kamboja Location - Kambojas: a tribe of Uttarapatha, Kamboja Location - Epic evidence, Kamboja Location - Puranic Bhuvankosa evidence, Kamboja Location - Localization of Kamboja, Kamboja Location - Linguistic evidence, Kamboja Location - Vamsa Brahmana and Aitareya Brahmana evidence, Kamboja Location - Ptolemy's evidence, Kamboja Location - Raghuvamsa's evidence, Kamboja Location - Evidence from Commentator on Harsha-Carita, Kamboja Location - Hiun Tsang's evidence, Kamboja Location - Kalhana's evidence, Kamboja Location - Ramayana evidence, Kamboja Location - Sumerian evidence, Kamboja Location - Al-Idrisi's evidence, Kamboja Location - Praja Bhatta's evidence, Kamboja Location - Conclusion, Kamboja Location - Kamboja versus Parama Kamboja, Kamboja Location - Mahabharata evidence, Kamboja Location - Ptolemy's evidence, Kamboja Location - Evidence from Dasam-Granth, Kamboja Location - Galcha evidence, Kamboja Location - List of references

Read more here: » Kamboja Location: Encyclopedia II - Kamboja Location - Kamboja versus Parama Kamboja

Aitareya (Sanskrit)) (from itara other; also from itara mother of Aitareya)

Name of a Brahmana or literary work attached to the Rig-Veda; also of Mahidasa, author of a Brahmana and an Aranyaka. The Aitareya-Brahmana (or Aitareyaka) contains forty adhyayas (sections) in which the duties of a hotri (priest) are enumerated. The Aitareya-Aranyaka consists of five books or aranyakas, the second and third of which are called the Aitareya-Upanishad (although sometimes the last four sections of the second book alone are so designated).

(See also: Aitareya, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Aitareya (Sanskrit). The name of an Aranyaka (Brahmana) and a Upanishad of the Rig Veda. Some of its portions are purely Vedantic.

(See also: Aitareya, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Aitareya Brahmana makes first reference to Uttarakuru and Uttaramadra as real-life Janapadas and informs us that these two nations lied beyond the Himalaya ranges (Hindukush). The Aitreya Brahmana adduces these two people as an example of republican (vairajiya) nations, where whole Janapada took the consecration of rulership. tasmad atasyam udichya dishi ye ke ca pren himvantam janapada uttarakurva uttaramadra iti vairajyaya te.abhishichyante — (Aitareya Brahmana, VIII/14) Aitreya Brahmana again notes t ...

See also:

Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Vedic Literature and Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Puranas and Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Mahabharata and Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Ramayana and Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Buddhist Texts and Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Rajatrangini of Kalhana and Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Foreign Sources on Uttarakuru, Uttarakuru - Geographical Location of Uttarakuru

Read more here: » Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia II - Uttarakuru - Vedic Literature and Uttarakuru

Kuru India - Kuru-Puru-Bharata connection. Epic traditions reveal that the kings of Kuru belonged to the Puru-Bharata family. The Kuru-Puru connection is suggested by Rigveda (10.33.4) which attests Kuru-Sravana as the descendent of famous Puru king Trasadasyu. (4.38.1, 7.19.3). A connection of the Bharatas with Kurukshetra is attested by Rigveda 3.23, Satapatha Brahmana 13.5.4, Aitareya Brahmana 8.23 as well as the Mahabharata 7.66.8. The former Purus, Bharatas and several other minor clans were later fused together and amalgamated into ...

See also:

Kuru India, Kuru India - Geographical Location of Kuru, Kuru India - Kurus of Bharata war, Kuru India - Kurus of Buddha's times, Kuru India - Kuru Dharma, Kuru India - Speculations on origins, Kuru India - Kuru-Puru-Bharata connection, Kuru India - Central Asian origin of Kurus, Kuru India - Puranic View of Kuru Origin

Read more here: » Kuru India: Encyclopedia II - Kuru India - Speculations on origins

Gandhara shows an influx of southern Central Asian culture in the Bronze Age with the Gandhara grave culture, likely corresponding to immigration of Indo-Aryan speakers and the nucleus of Vedic civilization. The name of the Gandharis is attested from the Rigveda. The Gandharis, along with the Mujavantas, Angas and the Magadhas, are also mentioned in the Atharavaveda, but apparently as a despised people. Gandharas are included in the Uttarapatha division of Puranic and Buddhistic traditions. Aitareya Brahmana refers to king Naganajit of Gandhara w ...

See also:

Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Greek rule, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link

Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara

Gandhara - Pre Historic Period. Gandhara shows an influx of southern Central Asian culture in the Bronze Age with the Gandhara grave culture, likely corresponding to immigration of Indo-Aryan speakers and the nucleus of Vedic civilization. The name of the Gandharis is attested from the Rigveda. The Gandharis, along with the Mujavantas, Angas and the Magadhas, are also mentioned in the Atharavaveda, but apparently as a despised people. Gandharas are included in the Uttarapatha division of Puranic and Buddhistic traditions. Aitareya Brahmana refers to king Naganajit of Gandhara w ...

See also:

Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link

Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara

Aranyaka (Sanskrit) (from aranya forest-like from aranya wilderness, forest)

Forest-born; a hermit or holy man who dwells in the forest during the process of becoming a genuine spiritual yogi. Aranyakas (plural) are a class of Vedic treatises of a mystical nature attached to the Brahmanas and closely associated with the Upanishads. They were called such either because they were written in the solitude of the wilderness or because they were intended for study and contemplation by those who had retired from the world to lead the life of spiritual recluses. The Aranyakas are ritualistic, treating of special ceremonies either omitted or dealt with only in part in the Brahmanas, and hence are considered to be supplemental to the latter.

Only four Aranyakas are presently known to exist: the Aitareya (Rig-vedic) forming part of the Aitareya-Brahmana; the Kausitaki (Rig-vedic) whose third and final chapter is the Kanusitaki Upanishad; the Taittiriya, of ten books, belonging to the Yajur-Veda; and the Brihad (Yajur-Veda) which forms a part of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad attached to the Satapatha-Brahmana.

(See also: Aranyaka, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Yajna (Sanskrit). "Sacrifice", whose symbol or representation is now the constellation Mriga-shiras (deer-head), and also a form of Vishnu.

" The Yajna ", say the Brahmans, "exists from eternity, for it proceeded from the Supreme, in whom it lay dormant from no beginning ". It is the key to the Trai-Vidya , the thrice sacred science contained in the Rig -Veda verses, which teaches the Yajna or sacrificial mysteries. As Haug states in his Introduction to the Aitareya Brahmana - the Yajna exists as an invisible presence at all times, extending from the Ahavaniya or sacrificial fire to the heavens, forming a bridge or ladder by means of which the sacrificer can communicate with the world of devas, "and even ascend when alive to their abodes".

It is one of the forms of Akasa, within which the mystic WORD (or its underlying " Sound ") calls it into existence. Pronounced by the Priest-Initiate or Yogi, this WORD receives creative powers, and is communicated as an impulse on the terrestrial plane through a trained Will-power.

(See also: Yajna, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Yajna (Sanskrit) In Vedic literature, worship, devotion, prayer, praise; in post-Vedic literature, an act of worship or devotion, an oblation, sacrifice, also sacrifice personified or fire.

'The Yajna,' say the Brahmans, 'exists from eternity, for it proceeded from the Supreme, in whom it lay dormant from no beginning.' It is the key to the Trai-Vidya, the thrice sacred science contained in the Rig-Veda verses, which teaches the Yajna or sacrificial mysteries. As Haug states in his Introduction to the Aitareya Brahmana -- the Yajna exists as an invisible presence at all times, extending from the Ahavaniya or sacrificial fire to the heavens, forming a bridge or ladder by means of which the sacrificer can communicate with the world of devas, 'and even ascend when alive to their abodes.' It is one of the forms of Akasa, within which the mystic Word (or its underlying 'Sound') calls it into existence. Pronounced by the Priest-Initiate or Yogi, this Word receives creative powers, and is communicated as an impulse on the terrestrial plane through a trained Will-power" (TG 375).

(See also: Yajna, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)

Upanishad (Sanskrit) [from upa according to + ni down + the verbal root sad to sit]

Following or according to the teachings which were received when sitting down; esoteric doctrine. "Literary works in which the rahasya -- a Sanskrit word meaning esoteric doctrine or mystery -- is imbodied. The Upanishads belong to the Vedic cycle and are regarded by orthodox Brahmans as a portion of the Sruti or 'Revelation.' It was from these wonderful quasi-esoteric and very mystical works that was later developed the highly philosophical and profound system called the Vedanta" (OG 179).

The Upanishads belong to the third division of the Vedas and are appended to the Brahmanas. The number of Upanishads hitherto known is about 170, though probably only a score are now complete without evident marks of excision or interpolation. These Upanishads belong to different periods of antiquity, some being of a much later date than others. Although the Upanishads are usually considered by modern scholars to be as a whole of later date than the Brahmanas, the original Upanishads were composed in an antiquity which anteceded that of the Brahmanas, and are probably coeval with the composition of the Vedas themselves.

"The Upanishads must be far more ancient than the days of Buddhism, as they show no preference for, nor do they uphold, the superiority of the Brahmans as a caste. On the contrary, it is the (now) second caste, the Kshatriya, or warrior class, who are exalted in the oldest of them. As stated by Professor Cowell in Elphinstone's History of India -- 'they breathe a freedom of spirit unknown to any earlier work except the Rig-Veda . . . The great teachers of the higher knowledge and Brahmans are continually represented as going to Kshatriya Kings to become their pupils.' The 'Kshatriya Kings' were in the olden times, like the King-Hierophants of Egypt, the receptacles of the highest divine knowledge and wisdom, the Elect and the incarnations of the primordial divine Instructors -- the Dhyani Buddhas or Kumaras. There was a time, aeons before the Brahmans became a caste, or even the Upanishads were written, when there was on earth but one 'lip,' one religion and one science, namely, the speech of the gods, the Wisdom-Religion and Truth. This was before the fair fields of the latter, overrun by nations of many languages, became overgrown with the weeds of intentional deception, and national creeds invented by ambition, cruelty and selfishness, broke the one sacred Truth into thousands of fragments" (TG 354).

Thirteen of the principal Upanishads are: Aitareya, Kaushitaki, Kena, Taittiriya, Maitri, Katha, Brihadaranyaka, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Isa, Chhandogya, and Svetasvatara.

(See also: Upanishad, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)

Sarpa-rajni (Sanskrit) [from sarpa serpent + rajni queen]

The queen of the serpents;

"the Aitareya-Brahmana calls the Earth Sarparajni, . . . Before our globe became egg-shaped (and the Universe also) 'a long trail of Cosmic dust (or fire mist) moved and writhed like a serpent in Space.' The 'Spirit of God moving on Chaos' was symbolized by every nation in the shape of a fiery serpent breathing fire and light upon the primordial waters, until it had incubated cosmic matter and made it assume the annular shape of a serpent with its tail in its mouth -- which symbolises not only Eternity and Infinitude, but also the globular shape of all the bodies formed within the Universe from that fiery mist. The Universe, as well as the Earth and Man, cast off periodically, serpent-like, their old skins, to assume new ones after a time of rest " (SD 1:74).

"The Earth is said to cast off her old three skins, because this refers to the three preceding Rounds she has already passed through; the present being the fourth Round out of the seven. At the beginning of every new Round, after a period of 'obscuration,' the earth (as do also the other six 'earths') casts off, or is supposed to cast off, her old skins as the Serpent does . . ." (SD 2:47).

Also, certain verses of the Rig-Veda dealing with this subject.

(See also: Sarpa-rajni, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Soma-drink. Made from a rare mountain plant by initiated Brahmans. This Hindu sacred beverage answers to the Greek ambrosia or nectar, quaffed by the gods of Olympus. A cup of Kykeon was also quaffed by the Mystes at the Eleusinian initiation. He who drinks it easily reaches Bradhna, or the place of splendour (Heaven).

 The Soma-drink known to Europeans is not the genuine beverage, but its substitute; for the initiated priests alone can taste of the real Soma; and even kings and Rajas, when sacrificing, receive the substitute. Haug, by his own confession, shows in his Aitareya Brahmana, that it was not the Soma that he tasted and found nasty, but the juice from the roots of the Nyagradha, a plant or bush which grows on the hills of Poona. We were positively informed that the majority of the sacrificial priests of the Dekkan have lost the secret of the true Soma. It can be found neither in the ritual books nor through oral information. The true followers of the primitive Vedic religion are very few; these are the alleged descendants of the Rishis, the real Agnihotris, the initiates of the great Mysteries. The Soma drink is also commemorated in the Hindu Pantheon, for it is called King-Soma.

He who drinks thereof is made to participate in the heavenly king; he becomes filled with his essence, as the Christian apostles and their converts were. filled with the Holy Ghost, and purified of their sins. The Soma makes a new man of the initiate; he is reborn and transformed, and his spiritual nature overcomes the physical; it bestows the divine power of inspiration, and develops the clairvoyant faculty to the utmost. According to the exoteric explanation the soma is a plant, but at the same time it is an angel. It forcibly connects the inner, highest " spirit" of man, which spirit is an angel like the mystical Soma, with his "irrational soul ", or astral body, and thus united by the power of the magic drink, they soar together above physical nature and participate during life in the beatitude and ineffable glories of Heaven, Thus the Hindu Soma is mystically and in all respects the same that the Eucharist supper is to the Christian. The idea is similar. By means of the sacrificial prayers - the mantras - this liquor is supposed to be immediately transformed into the real Soma, or the angel, and even into Brahma himself. Some missionaries have expressed themselves with much indignation about this ceremony, the more so, seeing that the Brahmans generally use a kind of spirituous liquor as a substitute.

But do the Christians believe less fervently in the transubstantiation of the communion wine into the blood of Christ, because this wine happens to be more or less spirituous? Is not the idea of the symbol attached to it the same? But the missionaries say that this hour of soma-drinking is the golden hour of Satan, who lurks at the bottom of the Hindu sacrificial cup. (Isis Unveiled.)

(See also: Soma-drink, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Brahma (Sanskrit) (from the verbal root brih to expand, grow, fructify)

The first god of the Hindu Trimurti or triad, consisting of Brahma, the emanator, evolver, and creator; Vishnu, the sustainer or preserver; and Siva, the regenerator or destroyer. Brahma is the vivifying expansive force of nature in its eternally periodic manvantaras. He stands for the spiritual evolving or developing energy-consciousness of a solar system which is also called the Egg of Brahma (brahmanda). Brahma is called the creator or Logos, but in the theosophic philosophy creator is simply an abstract term or idea, like army. In Burnouf's words:

"Having evolved himself from the soul of the world, once separated from the first cause, he evaporates with, and emanates all nature out of himself. He does not stand above it, but is mixed up with it; Brahma and the universe form one Being, each particle of which is in its essence Brahma himself, who proceeded out of himself" (q SD 1:380n). The Vishnu-Purana explains that created beings "although they are destroyed (in their individual forms) at the periods of dissolution, yet being affected by the good or evil acts of former existences, are never exempted from their consequences. And when Brahma produces the world anew, they are the progeny of his will . . ." (q SD 1:456n).

Brahman is both masculine and neuter, and therefore has two meanings. In the masculine (Brahma) it is the evolving energy of the cosmic egg, as distinguished from the neuter (Brahman). Brahma is the vehicle or sheath of Brahman. The Vishnu-Purana says that Brahma in its totality has essentially the aspect of prakriti, both evolved and unevolved (mulaprakriti), and also the aspects of spirit and of time. "Brahma, as 'the germ of unknown Darkness,' is the material from which all evolves and develops 'as the web from the spider, as foam from the water,' etc. This is only graphic and true, if Brahma the 'Creator' is, as a term, derived from the root brih, to increase or expand. Brahma 'expands' and becomes the Universe woven out of his own substance" (SD 1:83). Again,

"Here we find, as in all genuine philosophical systems, even the 'Egg' or the Circle (or Zero), boundless Infinity, referred to as It, and Brahma, the first unit only, referred to as the male god, i.e., the fructifying Principle. It is  or 10 (ten) the Decade. On the plane of the Septenary or our World only, it is called Brahma. On that of the Unified Decade in the realm of Reality, this male Brahma is an illusion" (SD 1:333).

According to the Aitareya-Brahmana, Brahma as Prajapati (lord of beings) manifests himself first of all as twelve bodies or attributes, which are represented by the twelve gods, symbolizing 1) fire; 2) the sun; 3) soma, which gives omniscience; 4) all living beings; 5) vayu, or ether; 6) death, or breath of destruction -- Siva; 7) earth; 8) heaven; 9) Agni, the immaterial fire; 10) Aditya, the immaterial and invisible sun; 11) mind; and 12) the great infinite cycle, "which is not to be stopped." Brahma in one of his phases therefore is the visible universe, every atom of which is essentially himself.

Brahma "symbolizes personally the collective creators of the World and Men -- the universe with all its numberless productions of things movable and (seemingly) immovable. He is collectively the Prajapatis, the Lords of Being; and the four bodies typify the four classes of creative powers or Dhyan Chohans . . ." (SD 2:60), these four bodies being ratri (night) associated with the creation of the asuras; ahan (day) associated with the gods; sandhya (evening twilight) associated with the pitris; and jyotsna (dawn or light) associated with the creation of men.

In the beginning Brahma was Purusha (spirit) and also prakriti (matter). It is later that he separated himself into two halves -- Brahma-Vach (female) and Brahma-Viraj (male). The term Brahma is not found in the Vedas. Blavatsky correlates Adam-Qadmon, Brahma, and Mars as symbols for primitive or initial generative and creative powers typifying water and earth; also all three are associated with the color red (cf SD 2:43, 124-5).

See also BRAHMA'S DAY

(See also: Brahma, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

In the epic times (final centuries BC), the region between the triangle of Thaneshwar, Hissar and Hastinapur was distinguished by three different names: (1) Kuru-Jangala equal to Rohtak, Hansi, Hissar; (2) Kuru-rashtra proper between the Ganga and Yamuna with its capital at Hastinapura and (3) the Kuru-kshetra comprising Thaneshwar, Kaithal and Karnal. The whole kingdom roughly corresponded to modern Thanesar, Delhi and the greater part of Upper Gangetic Doab. The rivers Aruna, Ashumati, Hiranvati, Apaya, Kausiki, Sa ...

See also:

Kuru India, Kuru India - Geographical Location of Kuru, Kuru India - Kurus of Bharata war, Kuru India - Kurus of Buddha's times, Kuru India - Kuru Dharma, Kuru India - Speculations on origins, Kuru India - Kuru-Puru-Bharata connection, Kuru India - Central Asian origin of Kurus, Kuru India - Puranic View of Kuru Origin

Read more here: » Kuru India: Encyclopedia II - Kuru India - Geographical Location of Kuru

Kurus emerged as the first major kingdom of Vedic civilization following the Rigvedic period. Legendary accounts are preserved in the Sanskrit epics, the Bharata war of the Mahabharata (recorded several centuries after the fact, probably in the final centuries BC). The families of Kuru and Puru (and the earlier Bharatas) of which the Panchala was a confederation of lesser-known tribes, known as the Kuru-Panchala kingdom. After the Bharata war, the country prospered greatly during the reign of king Parikshit and Janamejaya. The rulers are sai ...

See also:

Kuru India, Kuru India - Geographical Location of Kuru, Kuru India - Kurus of Bharata war, Kuru India - Kurus of Buddha's times, Kuru India - Kuru Dharma, Kuru India - Speculations on origins, Kuru India - Kuru-Puru-Bharata connection, Kuru India - Central Asian origin of Kurus, Kuru India - Puranic View of Kuru Origin

Read more here: » Kuru India: Encyclopedia II - Kuru India - Kurus of Bharata war

By the 6th century BC, the Kuru kingdom figures in the list of the sixteen great kingdoms, the Mahajanapadas of the early Buddhist Anguttara Nikaya. At the time of Buddha, the Kuru realm was only three hundred leagues in extent. Jatakas attest that the capital of the Kurus was Indraprastha (Indapatta) near modern Delhi. It extended for seven leagues. The other city in the realm was Hatthinipura i.e Hastinapura. The reigning king Dhananjaya is stated as prince from the race of Yudhishtra. But he was merely a titular chieftain (king consul). During Buddha's time, Ra ...

See also:

Kuru India, Kuru India - Geographical Location of Kuru, Kuru India - Kurus of Bharata war, Kuru India - Kurus of Buddha's times, Kuru India - Kuru Dharma, Kuru India - Speculations on origins, Kuru India - Kuru-Puru-Bharata connection, Kuru India - Central Asian origin of Kurus, Kuru India - Puranic View of Kuru Origin

Read more here: » Kuru India: Encyclopedia II - Kuru India - Kurus of Buddha's times

Scholarly breakdowns of the Vedic books see the four Vedas as poetic liturgy, collectively called mantra or sam.hitā-, adoration and supplication to the deities of Vedic religion, in parts already sort of melded with monist and henotheist notions, and an overarching Order (Ŗta) that transcended even the Gods. The Brāhmaṇa were a collection of ritual instructions, books detailing the priestly functions (which first were available to all men, and so concretized into str ...

See also:

Upanishad, Upanishad - Place in the Hindu canon, Upanishad - List of Upanishads, Upanishad - Principal Upanishads, Upanishad - Canon by Vedic Shakha, Upanishad - The Muktika canon

Read more here: » Upanishad: Encyclopedia II - Upanishad - Place in the Hindu canon

Upanishad - Principal Upanishads. The following is a list of the ten "principal" (mukhya) Upanishads that were commented upon by Shankara, and that are accepted as shruti by all Hindus. They are listed with their associated Veda (Rigveda (ṚV), Samaveda (SV), White Yajurveda (ŚYV), Black Yajurveda (KYV), Atharvaveda (AV)). See also:

Upanishad, Upanishad - Place in the Hindu canon, Upanishad - List of Upanishads, Upanishad - Principal Upanishads, Upanishad - Canon by Vedic Shakha, Upanishad - The Muktika canon

Read more here: » Upanishad: Encyclopedia II - Upanishad - List of Upanishads

The foregoing references sufficiently demonstrate that the Kambojas were living on either side of the Hindukush. The cis-Hindukush division was called Kamboja. The trans-Hindukush Kamboja division was known as Parama Kamboja. Thus, like the Uttara-Kurus and Uttara-Madras, the Parama-Kambojas were also located in the trans-Himalayan (paren himavantam..) regions, and were neighbors, both to the ...

See also:

Parama Kamboja, Parama Kamboja - Mahabharata Evidence, Parama Kamboja - Kamboja, Parama Kamboja - Parama-Kamboja, Parama Kamboja - Further References to Parama-Kamboja, Parama Kamboja - Etymology of Parama-Kamboja, Parama Kamboja - More evidence on two Kamboj settlements, Parama Kamboja - Evidence from Dasam-Granth, Parama Kamboja - Evidence from Ptolemy, Parama Kamboja - Epilogue

Read more here: » Parama Kamboja: Encyclopedia II - Parama Kamboja - Epilogue

Gandharan Buddhist missionaries were active, with other monks from Central Asia, from the 2nd century CE in the Chinese capital of Loyang, and particularly distinguished themselves by their translation work. They promoted both Theravada and Mahayana scriptures. Lokaksema, a Kushan and the first to translate Mahayana scriptures into Chinese (167-186). Zhi Yao (c. 185), a Kushan monk, second generation of translators after Lokaksema. Zhi Qian (220-252), a Kushan monk whose grandfather had settled in China during ...

See also:

Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Greek rule, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link

Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism