airway obstruction

At the end of pregnancy, the fetus must take the journey of childbirth to leave the reproductive female mother. Upon its exit into the oxygen-consuming world, the newborn must begin to adjust to life outside the uterus. Adaptation to extrauterine life - Breathing and circulation. Perfusing its body by breathing independently instead of utilizing placental oxygen is the first challenge of a newborn. With the first breaths, there is a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance, and an increase in the surface area ...

Including:

• Adaptation to extrauterine life - Breathing and circulation
• Adaptation to extrauterine life - Energy metabolism
• Adaptation to extrauterine life - Temperature regulation

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Perfusing its body by breathing independently instead of utilizing placental oxygen is the first challenge of a newborn. With the first breaths, there is a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance, and an increase in the surface area available for gas exchange due to the loss of low-resistance placental circulation. Overall, there is an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR). There is a rapid subsequent increase in oxygenation due to the cardiovascular system changes. The decrease in venous return results in left atrial pressure being sl ...

See also:

Adaptation to extrauterine life, Adaptation to extrauterine life - Breathing and circulation, Adaptation to extrauterine life - Energy metabolism, Adaptation to extrauterine life - Temperature regulation

Read more here: » Adaptation to extrauterine life: Encyclopedia II - Adaptation to extrauterine life - Breathing and circulation

Hunter syndrome is inherited as an X-linked recessive disease. This means that women carry the disease and can pass it on to their sons, but are not themselves affected. Because girls have two X chromosomes, their normal X can provide a functioning gene even if their other X is defective. But because boys have an X and a Y, there is no normal X gene to fix the problem if the X is defective. The metabolic abnormality that causes Hunter syndrome is a lack of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. In its absence, ...

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Hunter syndrome, Hunter syndrome - Definition, Hunter syndrome - Causes incidence and risk factors, Hunter syndrome - Symptoms, Hunter syndrome - Signs and tests, Hunter syndrome - Treatment, Hunter syndrome - Prognosis, Hunter syndrome - Complications, Hunter syndrome - Prevention, Hunter syndrome - Source, Hunter syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Hunter syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Hunter syndrome - Causes incidence and risk factors

Energy metabolism in the fetus must be converted from a continuous placental supply of glucose to intermittent feeding. While the fetus is dependent on maternal glucose as the main source of energy, it can use lactate, free-fatty acids, and ketone bodies under some conditions. Plasma glucose is maintained by glycogenolysis. Glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle begins in the late second trimester of pregnancy, and storage is completed in the third trimester. Glycogen stores are maximal at term, but even then, the fetus only has e ...

See also:

Adaptation to extrauterine life, Adaptation to extrauterine life - Breathing and circulation, Adaptation to extrauterine life - Energy metabolism, Adaptation to extrauterine life - Temperature regulation

Read more here: » Adaptation to extrauterine life: Encyclopedia II - Adaptation to extrauterine life - Energy metabolism

Signs of the disorder that the doctor might look for include: hepatomegaly (enlargement of liver) splenomegaly (enlargement of spleen) inguinal hernia spasticity heart murmur and heart valve dysfunction joint contractures excretion of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate in urine decreased iduronate sulfatase enzyme activity in serum or cells Tests that may indicate this disorder is present include: urine for heparan sulfate and dermatan su ...

See also:

Hunter syndrome, Hunter syndrome - Definition, Hunter syndrome - Causes incidence and risk factors, Hunter syndrome - Symptoms, Hunter syndrome - Signs and tests, Hunter syndrome - Treatment, Hunter syndrome - Prognosis, Hunter syndrome - Complications, Hunter syndrome - Prevention, Hunter syndrome - Source, Hunter syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Hunter syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Hunter syndrome - Signs and tests

Juvenile form (early-onset, severe form): mental deterioration severe to profound mental retardation aggressive behavior hyperactivity short stature Late (mild form): mild to no mental retardation Both forms: coarse facial features large head (macrocephaly) stiffening of joints increased hair (hypertrichosis) deafness (progressive) enlargement of internal organs such as liver and spleenSee also:

Hunter syndrome, Hunter syndrome - Definition, Hunter syndrome - Causes incidence and risk factors, Hunter syndrome - Symptoms, Hunter syndrome - Signs and tests, Hunter syndrome - Treatment, Hunter syndrome - Prognosis, Hunter syndrome - Complications, Hunter syndrome - Prevention, Hunter syndrome - Source, Hunter syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Hunter syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Hunter syndrome - Symptoms