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Age of Liberty | A Wisdom Archive on Age of Liberty | | Age of Liberty A selection of articles related to Age of Liberty | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Age of Liberty | | | |  Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Pre-historyThe archaeological evidence of the Paleolithic, pre-Ice Age settlement in Finland is a debated issue. After the Ice Age, the archaeological evidence for the first settlers of Finland, coming from the south and east, can be traced back to around 8500 BC. The Mesolithic hunter-gatherer settlement is known as the "Suomusjärvi culture". Around 5300 BC the "Comb ceramic cultures", known for their pottery, took over. This marks the beginning of the neolithic for Finland, although the subsistence was still based on hunting and fishing. Extensive n ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Pre-history |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The Middle Ages Contact between Sweden and what is now Finland was remarkable even during pre-Christian times — the Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in commerce and plundering. However, there is no evidence of Scandinavian settlement in Finland during the Viking Age, with the exception of the Åland Islands.
According to the archaeological finds, Christianity gained a foothold in Finland during the 11th century AD. According to later sources, Saint Henry, possibly an Englishman, arrived in Finland around 1155, apparently ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The Middle Ages |
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| | | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - Anjala conspiracy - A peace feeler bypassing the king The leaders of the Anjala conspiracy entered secretly in communication with the Tsarina Catherine the Great, transmitting the Liikkala note dated August 8, 1788, signed by among others Armfelt, Commander-in-Chief for the eastern forces and the king's closest confidant. They declared the war to be illegal, asked for the restoration of the Finnish borders according to the Treaty of Nystad of 1721, and for peace negotiations with representatives of the Finnish nation, which they understood as (the ethnically Swedish) repres ...
See also:Anjala conspiracy, Anjala conspiracy - Rising anger against the king and his war, Anjala conspiracy - A peace feeler bypassing the king, Anjala conspiracy - Results, Anjala conspiracy - Long-term effects, Anjala conspiracy - History views in Finland and Sweden Read more here: » Anjala conspiracy: Encyclopedia II - Anjala conspiracy - A peace feeler bypassing the king |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - Anjala conspiracy - Rising anger against the king and his war As the war was badly prepared and without the expected initial success, anger rose against the king within the military ranks deployed to Finland, where the memory of the harsh Russian occupations of 1713–21 (the "Greater Wrath") and 1741–43 (the "Lesser Wrath") remained vivid. The war was clearly initiated by Sweden, and in the view of a strong opinion, particularly among noble officers, a clear violation of the authoritarian Instrument of Government that the ...
See also:Anjala conspiracy, Anjala conspiracy - Rising anger against the king and his war, Anjala conspiracy - A peace feeler bypassing the king, Anjala conspiracy - Results, Anjala conspiracy - Long-term effects, Anjala conspiracy - History views in Finland and Sweden Read more here: » Anjala conspiracy: Encyclopedia II - Anjala conspiracy - Rising anger against the king and his war |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The 16th century In 1521, the Kalmar Union finally collapsed and Gustav Vasa became the King of Sweden. During his rule, the Swedish church was reformed (1527). The state administration underwent extensive reforms and development too, giving it a much stronger grip on the life of local communities - and ability to collect higher taxes. Following the policies of the Reformation, in 1551 Mikael Agricola, bishop of Turku, published his translation of the New Testament into the Finnish language.
In 1550, Helsinki was founded by Gustav Vasa, but remained little m ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The 16th century |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire In 1617 - 1632 Sweden was ruled by King Gustavus Adolphus, whose military reforms transformed the Swedish army from a peasant militia into an efficient fighting machine, possibly the best one in Europe. The conquest of Livonia was now completed, and some territories were taken from internally divided Russia in the Treaty of Stolbova. In 1630, the Swedish (and Finnish) armies marched into Central Europe, as Sweden had decided to take part in the great struggle between Protestant and Catholic forces in Germany, known as the Thirty Years War. T ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in World War II During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union twice: she defended herself against the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939-1940 (with limited but crucial support from Sweden), resulting in the loss of Finnish Karelia, and invaded the Soviet Union herself in the Continuation War of 1941-1944 (with considerable support from Nazi Germany), leading also to the loss of Finland's only ice-free winter harbour Petsamo. This was followed by the Lapland War of 1944-1945, when Finland fought against the Germans ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in World War II |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era Despite the Declaration of Independence calling Finland a Republic, initially Finland was to be a constitutional monarchy. Frederick Charles of Hesse, a German prince, was elected King, putatively with the name Väinö I of Finland, with Pehr Evind Svinhufvud and General Mannerheim serving as Regents. However, Germany's defeat in World War I meant that the idea was abandoned. Finland instead became a republic, ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy (Main article: Grand Duchy of Finland)
During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, Finland was again conquered by the armies of Tsar Alexander I. The four Estates of occupied Finland were assembled at the Diet of Porvoo on March 29, 1809 to pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia. Following the Swedish defeat in the war and the signing of the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809, Finland remained an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire until the end of 1917, with Karelia handed back to Finland in 1812. During ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), Finland was occupied by the Russians, and the south-eastern part, including the important town of Viipuri, was annexed to Russia after the peace of Uusikaupunki. The border with Russia came to lie roughly where it returned to after World War II. Sweden's status as a European great power was gone, and Russia was now the leading might of the North. The absolute monarchy was finished in Sweden. During this Age of Liberty, the Parliament ruled the country, and the two parties of Hats and Caps struggle ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason |
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| | | | | Age of Liberty: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Post-war era Finland retained a democratic constitution and free economic structure during the Cold War era. Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations and restraints on Finland, as well as territorial concessions. Both treaties have been abrogated by Finland since the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, while leaving the borders untouched. Even though being a neighbour to the mighty Soviet Union sometimes resulted in overmuch caution concerning foreign politics ("Finlandization"), Finland developed closer cooperation with the other Nordic countries and declar ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Post-war era |
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