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Age of Discovery | A Wisdom Archive on Age of Discovery | | Age of Discovery A selection of articles related to Age of Discovery | |
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More material related to Age Of Discovery can be found here:
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Age of Discovery, Age of Discovery - Conquest of Siberia, Age of Discovery - Decline of the Portuguese monopoly, Age of Discovery - Discovery of the Americas, Age of Discovery - Effect on Europe, Age of Discovery - End of the Age of Exploration, Age of Discovery - Exploration begins in Portugal, Age of Discovery - Exploration by land, Age of Discovery - Northern European involvement, Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Age of Discovery | |
| | |  Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of Discovery - Discovery of the Americas
Portugal's rival Castile had been somewhat slower than their neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the fifteenth century that Castilian sailors began to compete with their Iberian neighbours. The first contest was for control of the Canary Islands, which Castille won. It was not until the union of Aragon and Castille and the completion of the reconquista that the large nation became fully committed to looking for new trade routes and colonies overseas. In 1492 the joint rulers of the nation decided to ...
See also:Age of Discovery, Age of Discovery - Exploration by land, Age of Discovery - Exploration begins in Portugal, Age of Discovery - Discovery of the Americas, Age of Discovery - Decline of the Portuguese monopoly, Age of Discovery - Northern European involvement, Age of Discovery - Conquest of Siberia, Age of Discovery - Effect on Europe, Age of Discovery - End of the Age of Exploration Read more here: » Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of Discovery - Discovery of the Americas |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - History of the world - Age of Discovery In the fourteenth century the Renaissance began in Europe. Some modern scholars have questioned whether this flowering of art and humanism was a benefit to science, but the era did see an important fusion of Arab and European knowledge. One of the most important developments was the caravel, which combined the Arab lateen sail with European square rigging to create the first vessels that could safely sail the Atlantic Ocean. Along with important developments in navigation, this technology allowed Christopher Columbus in 1492 to penetrate across the Atlantic Ocea ...
See also:History of the world, History of the world - Hunter-Gatherers, History of the world - Agriculture, History of the world - State, History of the world - City and trade, History of the world - Bronze and Iron Ages, History of the world - The classical empires, History of the world - Age of kingdoms, History of the world - Rise of Europe, History of the world - Age of Discovery, History of the world - Twentieth century Read more here: » History of the world: Encyclopedia II - History of the world - Age of Discovery |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia - Solar system The solar system comprises our Sun and the retinue of celestial objects gravitationally bound to it. Traditionally, this is said to consist of the Sun, nine planets and their 158 currently known moons; however, a large number of other objects, including asteroids, meteoroids, planetoids, comets, and interplanetary dust, orbit the Sun as well.
Although the term "solar system" is frequently applied to other star systems and the planetary systems which may comprise them, it should strictly refer to our system specifically: the wor ...
Including:
Read more here: » Solar system: Encyclopedia - Solar system |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity By the turn of the 20th century, Thomson had been made Lord Kelvin in appreciation of his many scientific accomplishments. He had reason to feel confident of himself, and the fact that multiple attempts to determine the age of the Earth seemed to show that it was about 100 million years old led him to feel very certain that his estimates were correct. The geologists could only suggest (correctly) that Kelvin didn't have all the facts, and they stil ...
See also:Age of the Earth, Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions, Age of the Earth - First concepts, Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists, Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity, Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Arthur Holmes and the vindication of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Modern radiometric dating Read more here: » Age of the Earth: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Fra Mauro map - Africa The description of Africa is surprisingly accurate, especially in light of the fact that Portuguese explorers had not yet been beyond 12 degrees North at that date.
Fra Mauro puts the following inscription by the southern tip of Africa, which he names the "Cape of Diab", describing the exploration by a ship from the East around 1420:
"About the year of Our Lord 1420 a ship, what is called an Indian junk (lit. "Zoncho de India"), on a crossing of the Sea of India towards the "Isle of Men and Women", was diverted beyond the ...
See also:Fra Mauro map, Fra Mauro map - World map, Fra Mauro map - Africa, Fra Mauro map - Japan, Fra Mauro map - Origins, Fra Mauro map - Other areas Read more here: » Fra Mauro map: Encyclopedia II - Fra Mauro map - Africa |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Selenography - The Age of Discovery The end of the 15th century was apparently when serious study of the Moon began. Around 1603, William Gilbert compiled the first lunar drawing based on naked-eye observations. Others soon followed, and when the telescope made its appearance on the scene, drawings were begun that at first were not very accurate, but soon became better as optics improved. In 1687, Isaac Newton stated that the Moon's motion was due to the forces of gravity.
Other theories and discoveries were soon to come. In the early 1700s, the librations of the Moon w ...
See also:Selenography, Selenography - Ancient History, Selenography - The Age of Discovery, Selenography - Ushering in the Space Age, Selenography - Lunar Anomalies, Selenography - Source, Selenography - Selenographers Read more here: » Selenography: Encyclopedia II - Selenography - The Age of Discovery |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions In the centuries preceding the scientific revolution, the age of the Earth was determined from the accounts of creation by religious authority. The Han Chinese thought the Earth was created and destroyed in cycles of over 23 million years. Westerners were more conservative. In a book published in 1654, not long before his death, Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh, Ireland, calculated from the Bible (augmented by some astronomy a ...
See also:Age of the Earth, Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions, Age of the Earth - First concepts, Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists, Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity, Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Arthur Holmes and the vindication of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Modern radiometric dating Read more here: » Age of the Earth: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating To feel completely vindicated, they needed to come up with new and more rigorous estimates of the age of the Earth. Radioactivity, which had overthrown the old calculations, yielded a bonus by providing a basis for new calculations, in the form of radiometric dating.
Rutherford and Soddy had continued their work on radioactive materials and concluded that radioactivity was due to a spontaneous transmutation of atomic elements. An element broke down into another, lighter element, releasing alpha, beta, or gamma radiation in the process ...
See also:Age of the Earth, Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions, Age of the Earth - First concepts, Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists, Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity, Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Arthur Holmes and the vindication of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Modern radiometric dating Read more here: » Age of the Earth: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists In 1862, the physicist William Thomson of Glasgow published calculations that fixed the age of the Earth at between 20 million and 400 million years. He assumed that the Earth had been created as a completely molten ball of rock, and determined the amount of time it took for the ball to cool to its present temperature.
Geologists had trouble accepting such a short age for the Earth. Biologists could accept that the Earth might have a finite age, but even 100 million years seemed much too short to be plausible. Charles Darwin, who had ...
See also:Age of the Earth, Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions, Age of the Earth - First concepts, Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists, Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity, Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Arthur Holmes and the vindication of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Modern radiometric dating Read more here: » Age of the Earth: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists |
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| | | | Age of Discovery: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - First concepts By the 18th century, a few naturalists were trying to place the age of the Earth on a more scientific basis. The naturalist Mikhail Lomonosov, regarded as the founder of Russian science, was one of the first to undertake this exercise, suggesting in the mid-18th Century that the Earth had been created separately from the rest of the universe, several hundred thousands of years before.
Lomonosov's ideas were mostly speculative, but in 1779 the French naturalist the Comte du Buffon tried to obtain a value for the age of the Earth using ...
See also:Age of the Earth, Age of the Earth - Prescientific notions, Age of the Earth - First concepts, Age of the Earth - Early scientific calculations: physicists versus geologists and evolutionists, Age of the Earth - Discovery of radioactivity, Age of the Earth - Invention of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Arthur Holmes and the vindication of radiometric dating, Age of the Earth - Modern radiometric dating Read more here: » Age of the Earth: Encyclopedia II - Age of the Earth - First concepts |
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