African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Black English, Black Vernacular, or Black English Vernacular (BEV), is a type of lect (dialect , ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language. It is known colloquially as Ebonics, Ebo, or Jive. With pronunciation that in some respects is common to that of Southern American English, the lect is spoken by many blacks in the United States. AAVE shares many characteristics with various Creole English dialects spoken ...

Including:

African American Vernacular English - History and social context
African American Vernacular English - AAVE as a Creole African American Vernacular English - Educational issues
African American Vernacular English - Grammatical features
African American Vernacular English - Phonological features African American Vernacular English - Aspect marking African American Vernacular English - Negation African American Vernacular English - Lexical features African American Vernacular English - Other grammatical characteristics

Read more here: » African American Vernacular English: Encyclopedia - African American Vernacular English

See also:

African American Vernacular English, African American Vernacular English - History and social context, African American Vernacular English - AAVE as a Creole, African American Vernacular English - Educational issues, African American Vernacular English - Grammatical features, African American Vernacular English - Phonological features, African American Vernacular English - Aspect marking, African American Vernacular English - Negation, African American Vernacular English - Lexical features, African American Vernacular English - Other grammatical characteristics

Read more here: » African American Vernacular English: Encyclopedia II - African American Vernacular English - History and social context

AAVE's development has its deepest roots in the trans-Atlantic African slave trade, but it also has features of English spoken in Great Britain and Ireland during the 16th and 17th centuries. Distinctive patterns of language usage among African slaves arose out of the need for multilingual populations of African captives to communicate among themselves and with their captors. During the Middle Passage, these captives (many already multi-lingual speakers of dialects of Wolof, Twi, Hausa, Yoruba, Dogon, Akan, Kimbundu, Bambara and other langua ...

See also:

African American Vernacular English, African American Vernacular English - History and social context, African American Vernacular English - AAVE as a Creole, African American Vernacular English - Educational issues, African American Vernacular English - Grammatical features, African American Vernacular English - Phonological features, African American Vernacular English - Aspect marking, African American Vernacular English - Negation, African American Vernacular English - Lexical features, African American Vernacular English - Other grammatical characteristics

Read more here: » African American Vernacular English: Encyclopedia II - African American Vernacular English - History and social context

African American culture is both part of, and distinct from American culture. From their earliest presence in North America, Africans and African Americans have contributed literature, art, agricultural skills, foods, clothing styles, music, and language to American culture. African American culture - Language. Distinctive patterns of language use among African Americans arose as creative responses to the hardships imposed on the African American community. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who ...

Including:

African American culture - Language African American culture - Religion
African American culture - Christianity African American culture - Islam African American culture - Other religious movements African American culture - Traditional and Animist Practices
African American culture - Agriculture and food African American culture - Holidays

Read more here: » African American culture: Encyclopedia - African American culture

An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or black), is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. Many African Americans also have European and/or Native American ancestry as well. Some have Asian ancestral backgrounds too. The term tends to refer to West African ancestries; not, for example, to white or Arab African ancestry, such as Moroccan or white South African ancestry. This is so even though there is huge g ...

Including:

African American - Nomenclature African American - Current Demographics African American - African American history
African American - Ethnicity
African American - Contemporary issues African American - Culture African American - The term African American
African American - Political overtones African American - Criticism of term African American - Who is African American? African American - Terms no longer in common use
African American - Black American population
African American - Other groups
African American - Footnotes

Read more here: » African American: Encyclopedia - African American

Enslaved Africans brought their own religious beliefs and practices with them when they were forced on ships from Africa to the New World, but slaveowners mounted a systematic and brutal campaign to de-Africanize them, and strip them of their mostly animist, polytheistic, or Muslim beliefs. African religious practices, considered "heathen", were strictly forbidden, and drums were outlawed for fear that the talking drum would be used by slaves to communicate over distances to plot rebellions. See also:

African American culture, African American culture - Language, African American culture - Religion, African American culture - Christianity, African American culture - Islam, African American culture - Other religious movements, African American culture - Traditional and Animist Practices, African American culture - Agriculture and food, African American culture - Holidays

Read more here: » African American culture: Encyclopedia II - African American culture - Religion

African American - Political overtones. The term African American carries important political overtones. Previous terms used to identify Americans of African ancestry were conferred upon the group by whites and were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which became tools of white supremacy and oppression. There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of their own choosing. With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment ...

See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups

Read more here: » African American: Encyclopedia II - African American - The term African American

African American - Political overtones. The term African American carries important political overtones. Previous terms used to identify Americans of African ancestry were conferred upon the group by whites and were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which became tools of white supremacy and oppression. There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of their own choosing. With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment ...

See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Ethnicity, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Criticism of term, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups, African American - Footnotes

Read more here: » African American: Encyclopedia II - African American - The term African American

In today's standard English, double negatives are not used; for example the standard English equivalent of "I don't want nothing!" is "I don't want anything". It should, however, be noted that in standard English one cannot say "I don't want nothing!" to express the meaning "I want something!" unless there is very heavy stress on the "don't" or a specific "whiny" stress on the "nothing". Although they are not used in standard English, double negatives are used in various American English dialects, including African American Ver ...

See also:

Double negative, Double negative - English, Double negative - Other kinds of double negative, Double negative - Triple and quadruple negatives, Double negative - Romance languages, Double negative - Slavic languages, Double negative - Ancient Greek, Double negative - Hungarian language an Uralic language

Read more here: » Double negative: Encyclopedia II - Double negative - English

Rapping, the rhythmic delivery of rhymes, is one of the four central elements of hip-hop culture. Rap can be delivered over a beat or over human beatboxing. A rapper may also perform acapella without any accompaniment. Due to its increasing popularity, rapping has also been assimilated into other musical forms. Rapping - Rapper vs. MC. By standard definition, a rapper is anyone who raps lyrics and an MC—also spelled 'emcee'—is a rapper who performs for crowds.^Including:

Rapping - Rapper vs. MC Rapping - History
Rapping - Rapping before hip-hop Rapping - Rapping in hip-hop
Rapping - The importance of rhyme
Rapping - Different types of rhymes
Rapping - Rap writing and delivery
Rapping - Vocal Presence Rapping - Vocabulary Rapping - Cadence Rapping - Prosody Rapping - Enunciation Rapping - Style voice tone and attitude Rapping - Speed Rapping - Breath control Rapping - Wordplay Rapping - Melody Rapping - Other techniques
Rapping - Substance Rapping - Freestyling and battle rapping
Rapping - Freestyle rapping Rapping - Battle rapping
Rapping - Traditional forms

Read more here: » Rapping: Encyclopedia - Rapping

Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions. Glide cluster reductions The wine-whine merger is a merger by which the sound /ʍ/ or sequence /hw/ (spelt wh) becomes [w]. The yew-hew merger is a process that causes the cluster /hj/ to be reduced to /j/. The hl-cluster, hr-cluster and ...

Including:

Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions
Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions
Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG
Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping
Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding
Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding
Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English
Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger
Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects
Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping
Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing

Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia - Phonological history of English consonants

While the uses of the words "creole" and "pidgin" usually mix when referring to trade languages, linguists consider them two separate categories. While pidgins are formed as a drastically simplified form of communication between two or more languages (and therefore have no standard grammar or pronunciation), creoles are categorized as a pidgin that has been learned by the children of pidgin-speakers and therefore has a more complex grammar and fixed phonology, syntax, and morphology. Pidgins can become full languages in only a generation, as ...

Including:

Creole language - Development of a Creole Creole language - General Features of Creoles Creole language - Arabic creoles
Creole language - Nubi Creole language - Juba Arabic Creole language - Babalia Creole Arabic
Creole language - Native American creoles Creole language - Dutch creoles Creole language - English Creoles
Creole language - Bislama Creole language - Gullah Creole language - Hawaiian Creole English Creole language - Jamaican Creole Creole language - Kreyol Creole language - Krio Creole language - Kriol Creole language - Mískito Creole English Creole language - Nigerian Pidgin English Creole language - Pitkern Norfuk Creole language - Singlish Creole language - Sranan Tongo Creole language - Tok Pisin Creole language - Torres Strait Creole
Creole language - French Creoles
Creole language - Haitian creole Creole language - Antillean Creole Creole language - Kreyol Lwiziyen Creole language - Mauritian Creole Creole language - Réunion Creole Creole language - Seychellois Creole Creole language - Lanc-Patuá
Creole language - German Creoles
Creole language - Unserdeutsch
Creole language - Malay Creoles Creole language - Ngbandi-based Creoles Creole language - Portuguese Creoles
Creole language - Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole Creole language - Creoles of Cape Verde Creole language - Creoles of India Creole language - Creoles of São Tomé and Príncipe Creole language - Annobonnese Creole language - Upper Guinea Creole Creole language - Macanese Creole language - Kristang Creole language - Papiamento
Creole language - Portuguese/English Creole
Creole language - Saramaccan
Creole language - Spanish Creoles

Read more here: » Creole language: Encyclopedia - Creole language

American English (AmE) is the dialect of the English language used mostly in the United States of America. It is estimated that approximately two thirds of native speakers of English live in the United States.[1] American English is also sometimes called United States English or U.S. English. American English - History. English was inherited from British colonization. The first wave of English-speak ...

Including:

American English - History American English - Phonology American English - Differences in British English and American English American English - English words that arose in the U.S. American English - English words obsolete outside the U.S. American English - Regional differences

Read more here: » American English: Encyclopedia - American English

A bitch is a female dog or other member of the canidae family. In colloquial use, the word bitch is often employed in a metaphorical sense to either insult a woman, or to describe one who is malicious, spiteful, domineering, intrusive, and/or unpleasant (it may also refer to an effeminate male). The former specialised meaning is retained and in widespread use among dog aficionados and breeders, but derogatory usage has become so prevalent ...

Including:

Bitch - Women reclaiming bitch Bitch - Bitch and sexual availability
Bitch - My Bitch
Bitch - Bitch Slap Bitch - Variants Bitch - To Bitch in Poker Bitch - The Bitch in Hearts Bitch - The Middle Seat of a Pickup Truck or Coupe

Read more here: » Bitch: Encyclopedia - Bitch

BE (B.E. or Be or be) may stand for: The verb to be, see Indo-European copula. Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) BE (album), an album by Swedish band Pain of Salvation. Be (album), an album by rapper Common. Be (band), a band that existed in 1997. The Buddhist Era of the Thai solar calendar In linguistics: Be (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. British English Black English, see African American Vernacular English. Belarusi ...

Read more here: » BE: Encyclopedia - BE

This article outlines the differences between American English, the form of the English language spoken in the United States, and Commonwealth English (often called British English). For the purposes of this article: American English is the form of English used by people in the United States and, as a lingua franca or second language, by people in many parts of the world. American English does not include Canadian English; although Canadian pronunciation and vocabulary is very similar to that o ...

Including:

American and British English differences - Pronunciation American and British English differences - Grammar
American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns American and British English differences - Use of tenses American and British English differences - Verb morphology American and British English differences - Presence or absence of syntactic elements American and British English differences - Different prepositions in certain contexts American and British English differences - Miscellaneous grammatical differences
American and British English differences - Word derivation and compounds American and British English differences - Lexis
American and British English differences - General trends American and British English differences - Words used only in British English American and British English differences - Words used only in American English American and British English differences - Words with differing meanings American and British English differences - Words which have become archaic in one dialect American and British English differences - Numbers American and British English differences - Levels of buildings American and British English differences - Figures of speech American and British English differences - Business American and British English differences - Education American and British English differences - Transport American and British English differences - Greetings
American and British English differences - Writing
American and British English differences - Spelling American and British English differences - Punctuation American and British English differences - Titles and headlines American and British English differences - Dates
American and British English differences - Keyboards
American and British English differences - Other varieties American and British English differences - Other linguistic topics

Read more here: » American and British English differences: Encyclopedia - American and British English differences

English is a West Germanic language that is spoken in Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, the United States, and many other countries. English is now the third-most spoken native language worldwide (after Chinese and Hindi), with some 380 million speakers. It has lingua franca status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries and that of the United S ...

Including:

English language - History English language - Classification and related languages English language - Geographic distribution
English language - English as a global language English language - Dialects and regional variants English language - Constructed variants of English
English language - Sounds
English language - Vowels English language - Consonants
English language - Intonation
English language - Tone groups English language - Characteristics of intonation
English language - Grammar English language - Vocabulary
English language - Number of words in English English language - Word origins
English language - Writing system
English language - Basic sound-letter correspondence English language - Written accents English language - Dialects English language - Pronunciation English language - Social cultural or political English language - Grammar English language - Usage
English language - Dictionaries

Read more here: » English language: Encyclopedia - English language

Dis is usually a proper name and may mean: Dis (Altered Beast) (see Altered Beast), a fictional city in the Altered Beast video game Dis (Divine Comedy) (see The Divine Comedy), the fictional city containing the lower circles of Hell; also an alternate name for Lucifer in the same work Dis Pater, predecessor of Pluto in Roman Mythology and ancestor of the Gauls according to Roman thought Dis Pater (music), a goth metal/doom metal band from Russia Dís, singul

Read more here: » Dis: Encyclopedia - Dis

Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist or linguistician. Linguistics - Dichotomies and language. The study of linguistics can be thought of along three major axes, the endpoints of which are described below: Synchronic vs Diachronic: Synchronic study of a language is concerned with its form at a given moment; Diachronic study covers the history of a language or family of languages an ...

Including:

Linguistics - Dichotomies and language Linguistics - Levels of theoretical linguistics Linguistics - Diachronic linguistics Linguistics - Applied linguistics Linguistics - Contextual linguistics Linguistics - Individual speakers language communities and linguistic universals Linguistics - Prescription and description Linguistics - Speech versus writing Linguistics - Research areas of linguistics Linguistics - Interdisciplinary linguistic research Linguistics - Important linguists and schools of thought Linguistics - Representation of speech Linguistics - Narrower conceptions of linguistics

Read more here: » Linguistics: Encyclopedia - Linguistics

Main article: African American contemporary issues Many African Americans have significantly improved their social and economic standing since the Civil Rights Movement, and recent decades have witnessed the expansion of a robust, African American middle class across the United States. However, due in part to a legacy of racism and discrimination, African Americans as a group remain at a pronounced economic, educational and social disadvantage relative to European Americans. Economically, the median income of African Americans ...

See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Ethnicity, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Criticism of term, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups, African American - Footnotes

Read more here: » African American: Encyclopedia II - African American - Contemporary issues