Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Africans in Louisiana. Main article: Louisiana Creole In Louisiana, drums remained legal well into the 19th century. There, African slaves, many from the Caribbean islands, danced in large groups, often in circle dances. As of 1817, dancing in New Orleans had been restricted to the area called Congo Square, which was a hotbed of musical fusionism, as African styles from across America and the Caribbean met. Nevertheless, by 1820, opposition from ...

See also:

Music history of the United States to the Civil War, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - African American music, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Africans in Louisiana, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Spirituals, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Popularization of slave music, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Blues, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - American songwriters, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Banjo, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Brass bands, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Music of other immigrant communities, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Creole and Cajun music, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Mexican-Texans, Music history of the United States to the Civil War - Sound samples

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Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Ragtime. Main article: Ragtime In the 1890s, more sophisticated African-American styles of the cakewalk and then ragtime music started to become popular. Originally associated primarily with poor African Americans, ragtime was quickly denounced as degenerate by conservatives and the classically trained establishment. In spite of the denigration, however, the style continued to gain widespre ...

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Music history of the United States in the late 19th century, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - African American music, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Ragtime, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Minstrelsy, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Black minstrels, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Blackface, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Military marches, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Eastern European immigrants, Music history of the United States in the late 19th century - Tin Pan Alley

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African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. They were originally brought to North America to work as slaves in cotton plantations, bringing with them typically polyphonic songs from hundreds of ethnic groups across West and Sub-Saharan Africa. In the United States, multiple cultur ...

Including:

• African American music - 19th century
• African American music - Early 20th century
• African American music - Mid 20th century
• African American music - The 1970s and 1980s
• African American music - The 1990s and 2000s
• African American music - Related topics

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The influence of African Americans on mainstream American music began in the 19th century, with the advent of blackface minstrelsy. The banjo became a popular instrument, and African-derived rhythms were incorporated into popular songs by Stephen Foster and other songwriters. In the 1830s, the Great Awakening led to a rise in Christian fundamentalism, especially among African Americans. Drawing on traditional work songs, African American slaves originated began performing a wide variety of Spirituals and other Christian music. Many of these songs were coded messages of subv ...

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African American music, African American music - 19th century, African American music - Early 20th century, African American music - Mid 20th century, African American music - The 1970s and 1980s, African American music - The 1990s and 2000s, African American music - Related topics

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The influence of African Americans on mainstream American music began in the 19th century, with the advent of blackface minstrelsy. The banjo became a popular instrument, and African-derived rhythms were incorporated into popular songs by Stephen Foster and other songwriters. In the 1830s, the Great Awakening led to a rise in Christian fundamentalism, especially among African Americans. Drawing on traditional work songs, African American slaves originated began performing a wide variety of Spirituals and other Christian music. Many of these songs were coded messages of subv ...

See also:

African American music, African American music - 19th century, African American music - Early 20th century, African American music - Mid 20th century, African American music - The 1970s and 1980s, African American music - The 1990s and 2000s

Read more here: » African American music: Encyclopedia II - African American music - 19th century

African American art is a broad term describing the visual arts of the American black community. Influenced by various cultural traditions, including those of Africa, Europe and the Americas, traditional African American art forms include the range of plastic arts, from basketweaving, pottery and quilting to woodcarving and painting. African American art - History. African American art - Antebellum and Civil War eras. The earliest African American artists were slave artisans wor ...

Including:

• African American art - History
• African American art - Antebellum and Civil War eras
• African American art - Post-Civil War
• African American art - Modern era

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Cultural appropriation, also referred to as cultural theft by its detractors or as a subset of acculturation by others, is the adoption of elements of cultural expression of one societal group, such as forms of dress or personal adornment, music and art, religion, language, or behavior, by an external group, without regard to the underlying aspects of what is being appropriating. It is possible for ...

Including:

• Cultural appropriation - Examples
• Cultural appropriation - Resources

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Funk is a distinct style of music originated by African-Americans, e.g., James Brown and his band members (especially Maceo and Melvin Parker), and groups like The Meters. Funk best can be recognized by its syncopated rhythms; thick bass line (often based on an "on the one" beat); razor-sharp rhythm guitars; chanted or hollered vocals (as that of Marva Whitney or the Bar-Kays); strong, rhythm-oriented horn sections; prominent percussion; an upbeat attitude; African tones; danceability; and strong jazz influences (e.g., as in the music ...

Including:

• Funk - History
• Funk - Origin of funk
• Funk - James Brown and funk as a genre
• Funk - 1970s and P-Funk
• Funk - 1980s and stripped-down funk
• Funk - Recent developments

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African American culture is both part of, and distinct from American culture. From their earliest presence in North America, Africans and African Americans have contributed literature, art, agricultural skills, foods, clothing styles, music, and language to American culture. African American culture - Language. Distinctive patterns of language use among African Americans arose as creative responses to the hardships imposed on the African American community. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who ...

Including:

• African American culture - Language
• African American culture - Religion
• African American culture - Christianity
• African American culture - Islam
• African American culture - Other religious movements
• African American culture - Traditional and Animist Practices
• African American culture - Agriculture and food
• African American culture - Holidays

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An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or black), is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. Many African Americans also have European and/or Native American ancestry as well. Some have Asian ancestral backgrounds too. The term tends to refer to West African ancestries; not, for example, to white or Arab African ancestry, such as Moroccan or white South African ancestry. This is so even though there is huge g ...

Including:

• African American - Nomenclature
• African American - Current Demographics
• African American - African American history
• African American - Ethnicity
• African American - Contemporary issues
• African American - Culture
• African American - The term African American
• African American - Political overtones
• African American - Criticism of term
• African American - Who is African American?
• African American - Terms no longer in common use
• African American - Black American population
• African American - Other groups
• African American - Footnotes

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A common sort of cultural appropriation is the adoption of the iconography of another culture. Obvious examples include tattoos of Hindu gods, Polynesian tribal iconography, Chinese characters, or Celtic bands worn by people who have no interest in, or understanding of, their cultural significance. When these artifacts are regarded as objects that merely "look cool," or when they are mass produced cheaply as consumer kitsch, people who venerate and wish to preserve th ...

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Cultural appropriation, Cultural appropriation - Examples, Cultural appropriation - Resources

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Funk - Origin of funk. The word "funk", once defined in dictionaries as body odor or the smell of sexual intercourse, commonly has been regarded as coarse or indecent. African-American musicians originally applied "funk" to music with a slow, mellow groove, then later with a hard-driving, insistent rhythm because of the word's association with sexual intercourse. This early form of the music set the pattern for later musicians. The music was slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented and danceable. Funky typically d ...

See also:

Funk, Funk - History, Funk - Origin of funk, Funk - James Brown and funk as a genre, Funk - 1970s and P-Funk, Funk - 1980s and stripped-down funk, Funk - Recent developments

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Enslaved Africans brought their own religious beliefs and practices with them when they were forced on ships from Africa to the New World, but slaveowners mounted a systematic and brutal campaign to de-Africanize them, and strip them of their mostly animist, polytheistic, or Muslim beliefs. African religious practices, considered "heathen", were strictly forbidden, and drums were outlawed for fear that the talking drum would be used by slaves to communicate over distances to plot rebellions. See also:

African American culture, African American culture - Language, African American culture - Religion, African American culture - Christianity, African American culture - Islam, African American culture - Other religious movements, African American culture - Traditional and Animist Practices, African American culture - Agriculture and food, African American culture - Holidays

Read more here: » African American culture: Encyclopedia II - African American culture - Religion

African American - Political overtones. The term African American carries important political overtones. Previous terms used to identify Americans of African ancestry were conferred upon the group by whites and were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which became tools of white supremacy and oppression. There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of their own choosing. With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment ...

See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Ethnicity, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Criticism of term, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups, African American - Footnotes

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African American art - Antebellum and Civil War eras. The earliest African American artists were slave artisans working as potters, blacksmiths, cabinetmakers, quilters, basketmakers and silversmiths. Many slaves arrived from Africa as skilled artisans, having worked in these or similar media in Africa. Others learned their trades or crafts as apprentices to African or white skilled workers. It was often the practice for slaveowners to hire out skilled artisans. With the consent of their masters, some slave artisans also were able to keep wages earned in their free time and thereby save enough money ...

See also:

African American art, African American art - History, African American art - Antebellum and Civil War eras, African American art - Post-Civil War, African American art - Modern era

Read more here: » African American art: Encyclopedia II - African American art - History

Blackfoot music, the music of the Blackfoot tribes (best translated in the Blackfoot language as nitsínixki - "I sing", from nínixksini - "song"), is primarily a vocal kind of music, using few instruments (called ninixkiátsis, derived from the word for song and associated primarily with European-American instruments), only percussion and voice, and few words. By far the most important percussion instruments are drums (istókimatsis), with rattles (auaná) and bells often being associated with the ...

Including:

• Blackfoot music - Musical thought
• Blackfoot music - Singing
• Blackfoot music - Scales and intervals
• Blackfoot music - Vocal style
• Blackfoot music - Drumming
• Blackfoot music - Song composition
• Blackfoot music - Misc
• Blackfoot music - Current traditional musical groups
• Blackfoot music - Source
• Blackfoot music - External link

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In African American music a cut "overtly insists on the repetitive nature of the music, by abruptly skipping it back to another beginning which we have already heard. Moreover, the greater the insistence on the pure beauty and value of repetition, the greater the awareness must also be that repetition takes place not on the level of musical development or progression, but on the purest tonal and timbric le ...

Including:

• Cut music - Source

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The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on a pentatonic scale and a characteristic twelve-bar chord progression. The form evolved in the United States in the communities of former African slaves from spirituals, praise songs, field hollers, shouts, and chants. The use of blue notes and the prominence of call-and-response patterns in the music and lyrics are indicative of the blues' West African pedigree. The blues has been a major influence on later American and Western popular music, finding expression in ragtime, jazz, bluegrass, rhythm and blues, rock and roll, hip-hop, and count ...

Including:

• Blues - Characteristics
• Blues - Origins
• Blues - Lyrics
• Blues - Musical style
• Blues - History
• Blues - Origins
• Blues - Prewar blues
• Blues - Early postwar blues
• Blues - Blues in the '60s and '70s
• Blues - Blues from the 1980s to the present
• Blues - Musical impact
• Blues - Social impact
• Blues - Notes

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American classical music is music written in the United States but in the European classical music tradition. In many cases, beginning in the 18th century, it has been influenced by American folk music styles; and from the 20th century to the present day it has often been influenced by folk, jazz, blues, and pop styles. Jazz music is sometimes referred to as American classical music, mainly by jazz musicians. They feel that, being as jazz originated in America, jazz is the true American classical music. American c ...

Including:

• American classical music - Beginnings
• American classical music - Second New England School
• American classical music - Joplin
• American classical music - 20th century
• American classical music - Glass

Read more here: » American classical music: Encyclopedia - American classical music

Architecture Cinema Comic books Cuisine Dance Literature Music Poetry Sculpture Television Theater Visual arts Vote or comment on the nomination here! The music of the United States includes a number of kinds of distinct folk and popular music, including some of the most widely-recognized styles in the world. The or ...

Including:

• Music of the United States - Characteristics
• Music of the United States - Folk music
• Music of the United States - Native American music
• Music of the United States - African American music
• Music of the United States - Anglo-American music
• Music of the United States - Other immigrant communities
• Music of the United States - Classical music
• Music of the United States - Colonial music
• Music of the United States - 19th century
• Music of the United States - 20th century
• Music of the United States - Popular music
• Music of the United States - Early popular song
• Music of the United States - Popular recorded music
• Music of the United States - Music institutions
• Music of the United States - Music education
• Music of the United States - Music festivals and holidays
• Music of the United States - Notes

Read more here: » Music of the United States: Encyclopedia - Music of the United States