An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or black), is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. Many African Americans also have European and/or Native American ancestry as well. Some have Asian ancestral backgrounds too. The term tends to refer to West African ancestries; not, for example, to white or Arab African ancestry, such as Moroccan or white South African ancestry. This is so even though there is huge g ...

Including:

• African American - Nomenclature
• African American - Current Demographics
• African American - African American history
• African American - Ethnicity
• African American - Contemporary issues
• African American - Culture
• African American - The term African American
• African American - Political overtones
• African American - Criticism of term
• African American - Who is African American?
• African American - Terms no longer in common use
• African American - Black American population
• African American - Other groups
• African American - Footnotes

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See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Ethnicity, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Criticism of term, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups, African American - Footnotes

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Main article: African American culture African American culture is an amalgam of influences, including African, Caribbean, European, and Latino cultures. From its music and dance, to speech, demeanor, and foodways, African American culture bears the strong imprint of West Africa, particularly in rural portions of the Deep South and Sea Islands of Georgia and South Carolina. African American music is one of the most pervasive African American cultural influences in the United States today. Hip hop, rock, R&B, funk, an ...

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African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Ethnicity, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Criticism of term, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups, African American - Footnotes

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African American literature is literature written by, about, and sometimes specifically for African Americans. The genre began during the 18th and 19th centuries with writers such as poet Phillis Wheatley and orator Frederick Douglass, reached an early high point with the Harlem Renaissance, and continues today with authors such as Toni Morrison and Maya Angelou being ranked among the top writers in the United States. Among the themes and issues explored in African American literature are the role of African Americans within the larger American ...

Including:

• African American literature - Characteristics
• African American literature - History
• African American literature - Early African American literature
• African American literature - Slave narratives
• African American literature - Frederick Douglass
• African American literature - Post-slavery era
• African American literature - Harlem Renaissance
• African American literature - Civil Rights Movement era
• African American literature - Recent history
• African American literature - Critiques
• African American literature - Existing both inside and outside American literature
• African American literature - Balkanization of American literature?
• African American literature - African American criticism
• African American literature - Notes

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African American culture is both part of, and distinct from American culture. From their earliest presence in North America, Africans and African Americans have contributed literature, art, agricultural skills, foods, clothing styles, music, and language to American culture. African American culture - Language. Distinctive patterns of language use among African Americans arose as creative responses to the hardships imposed on the African American community. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who ...

Including:

• African American culture - Language
• African American culture - Religion
• African American culture - Christianity
• African American culture - Islam
• African American culture - Other religious movements
• African American culture - Traditional and Animist Practices
• African American culture - Agriculture and food
• African American culture - Holidays

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African American - Political overtones. The term African American carries important political overtones. Previous terms used to identify Americans of African ancestry were conferred upon the group by whites and were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which became tools of white supremacy and oppression. There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of their own choosing. With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment ...

See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Ethnicity, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Criticism of term, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups, African American - Footnotes

Read more here: » African American: Encyclopedia II - African American - The term African American

African American - Political overtones. The term African American carries important political overtones. Previous terms used to identify Americans of African ancestry were conferred upon the group by whites and were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which became tools of white supremacy and oppression. There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of their own choosing. With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment ...

See also:

African American, African American - Nomenclature, African American - Current Demographics, African American - African American history, African American - Contemporary issues, African American - Culture, African American - The term African American, African American - Political overtones, African American - Who is African American?, African American - Terms no longer in common use, African American - Black American population, African American - Other groups

Read more here: » African American: Encyclopedia II - African American - The term African American

African American church. A.U.M.P. Church AME Church National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. Other related archivesA.U.M.P. Church, AME Church, National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.

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African American studies, or Black studies, is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the history, culture, and politics of African Americans. Taken broadly, the field studies not only the cultures of people of African descent in the United States, but the cultures of the entire African diaspora, from the British Isles to the Caribbean. The field includes scholars of African American literature, history, politics, religion and religious studies, sociology, and ma ...

Including:

• African American studies - Scholars in African American studies

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African American art is a broad term describing the visual arts of the American black community. Influenced by various cultural traditions, including those of Africa, Europe and the Americas, traditional African American art forms include the range of plastic arts, from basketweaving, pottery and quilting to woodcarving and painting. African American art - History. African American art - Antebellum and Civil War eras. The earliest African American artists were slave artisans wor ...

Including:

• African American art - History
• African American art - Antebellum and Civil War eras
• African American art - Post-Civil War
• African American art - Modern era

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African American history is the history of an ethnic group in the United States also known as black Americans. The majority of African-Americans are the descendants of enslaved Africans transported from West and Central Africa to the States during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Others have arrived through more recent immigration from the Caribbean, South America and other areas of the African continent. African American history - Early history. Like other people of African descent in the Western Hemisphere ...

Including:

• African American history - Early history
• African American history - The Civil War Reconstruction and its aftermath: 1860-1890
• African American history - Cultural integration of former slaves5
• African American history - Cultural integration of former bi-racial slaveowners
• African American history - The collapse of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow
• African American history - The Great Migration and the Harlem Renaissance
• African American history - Two World Wars
• African American history - The Civil Rights Movement
• African American history - Political empowerment
• African American history - Historians
• African American history - Footnotes

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African Americans have had a tremendous impact on left-wing politics in the United States. From liberalism to progressivism, from communism to socialism, to anarchism, African Americans have been a major part of leftist struggles throughout U.S. history. Like most Leftists, the majority of the African-Americans are in favor of workers rights, pacifism, equality, equal distribution of wealth, and a color-blind society. Far-left grou ...

Including:

• African American leftism - Notable African American leftists
• African American leftism - Politicians
• African American leftism - Civil Rights activists
• African American leftism - Media
• African American leftism - Entertainers

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African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. They were originally brought to North America to work as slaves in cotton plantations, bringing with them typically polyphonic songs from hundreds of ethnic groups across West and Sub-Saharan Africa. In the United States, multiple cultur ...

Including:

• African American music - 19th century
• African American music - Early 20th century
• African American music - Mid 20th century
• African American music - The 1970s and 1980s
• African American music - The 1990s and 2000s
• African American music - Related topics

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List of African American subcultures - List. Afro-Argentinian Afro-Cuban Afro-Ecuadorian Afro-Latin American Afro-Mexican Afro-Peruvian Afro-Trinidadian Black Canadian Afro-Native American African American culture See also. African American culture Algeria | Angola | Benin | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Camero ...

Including:

• List of African American subcultures - List

Read more here: » List of African American subcultures: Encyclopedia - List of African American subcultures

African American contemporary issues have been of concern to many African Americans and other ethnic groups in the United States. Many African Americans have been discriminated and left impoverished in American society, but many African Americans have also risen to the middle and upper classes recently. African American contemporary issues - Institutional racism and discrimination. Institutional racism is top-down discrimination, usually practiced or approved of by the government. Slavery could be seen as t ...

Including:

• African American contemporary issues - Institutional racism and discrimination
• African American contemporary issues - Environmental racism
• African American contemporary issues - Education
• African American contemporary issues - Economics and employment
• African American contemporary issues - Health and healthcare access
• African American contemporary issues - The criminal justice system

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African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Black English, Black Vernacular, or Black English Vernacular (BEV), is a type of lect (dialect , ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language. It is known colloquially as Ebonics, Ebo, or Jive. With pronunciation that in some respects is common to that of Southern American English, the lect is spoken by many blacks in the United States. AAVE shares many characteristics with various Creole English dialects spoken ...

Including:

• African American Vernacular English - History and social context
• African American Vernacular English - AAVE as a Creole
• African American Vernacular English - Educational issues
• African American Vernacular English - Grammatical features
• African American Vernacular English - Phonological features
• African American Vernacular English - Aspect marking
• African American Vernacular English - Negation
• African American Vernacular English - Lexical features
• African American Vernacular English - Other grammatical characteristics

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Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. African American military history is marked by feats throughout several conflicts in American History; as African American soldiers had fought bravely in the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the current War in Iraq. Military history of African Americans - Revolutionary War. Including:

• Military history of African Americans - Revolutionary War
• Military history of African Americans - Civil War
• Military history of African Americans - African Americans in the Union Military
• Military history of African Americans - African Americans in the Confederate Military
• Military history of African Americans - Indian Wars
• Military history of African Americans - Spanish American War
• Military history of African Americans - Volunteer Army Units
• Military history of African Americans - Spanish Civil War
• Military history of African Americans - World Wars
• Military history of African Americans - Vietnam War
• Military history of African Americans - Gulf War
• Military history of African Americans - 2003 War in Iraq

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African American literature - Early African American literature. Just as African American history predates the emergence of the United States as an independent country, so too does African American literature have similarly deep roots. Among the first prominent African American authors was poet Phillis Wheatley (1753–84), who published her book Poems on Various Subjects in 1773, three years before American independence. Born in Senegal, Africa, Wheatley was captured and sold into slavery at the ag ...

See also:

African American literature, African American literature - Characteristics, African American literature - History, African American literature - Early African American literature, African American literature - Slave narratives, African American literature - Frederick Douglass, African American literature - Post-slavery era, African American literature - Harlem Renaissance, African American literature - Civil Rights Movement era, African American literature - Recent history, African American literature - Critiques, African American literature - Existing both inside and outside American literature, African American literature - Balkanization of American literature?, African American literature - African American criticism, African American literature - Notes

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While African American literature is well accepted in the United States, it is not without controversy. To the genre's supporters, African American literature exists both within and outside American literature and is helping to revitalize the country's writing. To critics, African American literature is part of a Balkanization of American literature. In addition, there are some within the African American community who do not like how their own literature sometimes showcases Black people. African American literature - Exi ...

See also:

African American literature, African American literature - Characteristics, African American literature - History, African American literature - Early African American literature, African American literature - Slave narratives, African American literature - Frederick Douglass, African American literature - Post-slavery era, African American literature - Harlem Renaissance, African American literature - Civil Rights Movement era, African American literature - Recent history, African American literature - Critiques, African American literature - Existing both inside and outside American literature, African American literature - Balkanization of American literature?, African American literature - African American criticism, African American literature - Notes

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African American literature tends to focus on themes of interest to Black people, such as the role of African Americans within the larger American society and issues such as African American culture, racism, religion, slavery, freedom, and equality. This focus began with the earliest African American writings, such as the slave narrative genre in the early 19th century, and continues through the work of many modern-day authors. Another characteristic of African American literature is its strong tradition of incorporating oral poetry i ...

See also:

African American literature, African American literature - Characteristics, African American literature - History, African American literature - Early African American literature, African American literature - Slave narratives, African American literature - Frederick Douglass, African American literature - Post-slavery era, African American literature - Harlem Renaissance, African American literature - Civil Rights Movement era, African American literature - Recent history, African American literature - Critiques, African American literature - Existing both inside and outside American literature, African American literature - Balkanization of American literature?, African American literature - African American criticism, African American literature - Notes

Read more here: » African American literature: Encyclopedia II - African American literature - Characteristics