Africa is the world's second-largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30,370,000 km² (11,730,000 sq mi) including its adjacent islands, it covers 5.9% of the Earth's total surface area, and 20.3% of the total land area. With over 840,000,000 people (as of 2005) in 57 territories, it accounts for more than 12% of the world's human population. Africa - Etymology. The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — "land of the Afr ...

Including:

• Africa - Etymology
• Africa - Geography
• Africa - History
• Africa - Politics
• Africa - Precolonial Africa
• Africa - Colonial Africa
• Africa - Post-colonial Africa
• Africa - Modern Africa
• Africa - Economy
• Africa - Demographics
• Africa - Languages
• Africa - Culture
• Africa - Religion
• Africa - Territories
• Africa - Independent states
• Africa - Territories possessions départements
• Africa - Disputed territories
• Africa - Table of territories and regions

Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia - Africa

See also:

Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions

Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Politics

Africa - Independent states. East Africa East Africa proper Burundi (also sometimes considered part of Central Africa) Kenya Mozambique (also sometimes considered part of Southern Africa) Rwanda (also sometimes considered part of Central Africa) Tanzania Uganda North East Africa (Horn of Africa) Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia (inclu ...

See also:

Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions

Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Territories

African literature generally refers to the novels, short stories, and poetry written by African writers during the 20th century. Most of this output belongs to the broader class of postcolonial literature. The term "African literature" may also include the oral literary traditions of precolonial Africa. African literature - Precolonial African literature. Because literacy did not become widespread in Africa until the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 1800s, much of the precolonial African literary ca ...

Including:

• African literature - Precolonial African literature
• African literature - Colonial African literature
• African literature - Postcolonial African literature
• African literature - Major African novels
• African literature - Major African poets
• African literature - Secondary literature

Read more here: » African literature: Encyclopedia - African literature

The Yoruba (native name Yorùbá) are the largest single ethnic group in Nigeria. The Yoruba constitute approximately 24% percent of Nigeria's total population, and number upwards of 30 million individuals throughout the region of West Africa. They share borders with the Nupe and Borgu peoples in the northwest, the Esan and Edo to the southeast, the Igala and other related groups to the northeast, and the Egun, Fon, and other Gbe-speaking peoples in the southwest. While the majority of the Yoruba live in the south-west of Nigeria, there are also substantial Yoruba communities i ...

Including:

• Yoruba - Odùduwà
• Yoruba - Yoruba mythology
• Yoruba - Yoruba cities
• Yoruba - History
• Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization
• Yoruba - Culture
• Yoruba - Sports
• Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People
• Yoruba - Language Links
• Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia - Yoruba

Afrocentrism is a worldview or ideology that focuses on the black people and their contributions. More particularly, it often seeks to emphasize the contributions of black African peoples and the African diaspora over other peoples. Like any ideology or worldview, its proponents differ on many specific points but universally hold certain broad concepts to be true. Mainstream Afrocentric theory is critical of Eurocentrism. Afrocentrism holds that Eurocentrism has led to the neglect or denial of the contributions of Africa ...

Including:

• Afrocentrism - Egypt and the argument of African cultural unity
• Afrocentrism - History of Afrocentrism
• Afrocentrism - The debate over Afrocentrism
• Afrocentrism - Egypt and black identity
• Afrocentrism - Black-centered history and Africa
• Afrocentrism - A different world-view
• Afrocentrism - List of notable Afrocentric historians
• Afrocentrism - Related topics

Read more here: » Afrocentrism: Encyclopedia - Afrocentrism

Buganda is the kingdom of the 52 clans of the Baganda people, the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda. The three million Baganda (singular Muganda; often referred to simply by the root word and adjective, Ganda) make up the largest Ugandan ethnic group, although they represent only about 16.7 percent of the population. The name Uganda, the Swahili term for Buganda, was adopted by British officials in 1894 when they established the Uganda Protectorate, centred in Buganda. Buganda's boundaries ...

Including:

• Buganda - Culture
• Buganda - History
• Buganda - Pre-colonial and colonial Buganda
• Buganda - Power politics in pre-independence Uganda
• Buganda - After independence
• Buganda - Notes

Read more here: » Buganda: Encyclopedia - Buganda

The Conservation ethic is an ethic of resource use, allocation, exploitation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world: its forests, fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Secondary focus is on materials conservation and energy conservation, which are seen as important to protect the natural world. Conservation ethic - Introduction. To conserve habitat in terrestrial ecoregions and stop deforestation is a goal widely shared by many groups with a wide vari ...

Including:

• Conservation ethic - Introduction
• Conservation ethic - Usage of term
• Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation
• Conservation ethic - Romantic-Transcendental
• Conservation ethic - Resource Conservation
• Conservation ethic - Evolutionary-Ecological
• Conservation ethic - External link

Read more here: » Conservation ethic: Encyclopedia - Conservation ethic

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية) , or Algeria (Arabic: الجزائر), is a presidential state in north Africa, and the second largest country on the African continent, Sudan being the largest. It is bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, Mali and Mauritania in the southwest, and Morocco as well as a few kilometers of its annexed territory, Western Sahara, in the west. Constit ...

Including:

• Algeria - History
• Algeria - Politics
• Algeria - Provinces
• Algeria - Geography
• Algeria - Economy
• Algeria - Demographics
• Algeria - Language
• Algeria - Culture
• Algeria - Miscellaneous topics
• Algeria - Directories

Read more here: » Algeria: Encyclopedia - Algeria

Because literacy did not become widespread in Africa until the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 1800s, much of the precolonial African literary canon is oral. Oral literature (or orature), including songs, poems, and folk tales, was used to entertain children and to pass on histories through the generations . Storytellers in Africa sometimes used call-and-response techniques to tell their stories, while praise singers called "griots" would tell their sto ...

See also:

African literature, African literature - Precolonial African literature, African literature - Colonial African literature, African literature - Postcolonial African literature, African literature - Major African novels, African literature - Major African poets, African literature - Secondary literature

Read more here: » African literature: Encyclopedia II - African literature - Precolonial African literature

In the precolonial period indigenous cuisine was characterised by the use of a very wide range of fruits, nuts, bulbs, leaves and other products gathered from wild plants and by the hunting of wild game. The domestication of cattle in the region about two thousand years ago by Khoisan groups enabled the use of milk products and the availability of fresh meat on demand. However, during the colonial period the seizure of communal land in South Africa helped to restrict and discourage traditional agriculture and wild harvesting, and reduced the extent of land available to black people. C ...

See also:

Cuisine of South Africa, Cuisine of South Africa - Indigenous cookery, Cuisine of South Africa - Decline of indigenous cookery, Cuisine of South Africa - Settler cookery, Cuisine of South Africa - Cape Dutch, Cuisine of South Africa - Indian cookery, Cuisine of South Africa - Typical to South Africa is, Cuisine of South Africa - Reference

Read more here: » Cuisine of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - Cuisine of South Africa - Indigenous cookery

Yoruba mythology is sometimes claimed to be one of the world's oldest widely practised religions. It is a major religion in Africa, chiefly in Nigeria, and it has given origin to several New World religions such as Santería in Cuba and Candomblé in Brazil. Itan is the term for the sum total of all Yoruba myths, songs, histories, and other cultural components. Many ethnic Yoruba were enslaved and taken to Cuba, Brazil, Trinidad and the rest of the New World (chiefly in the 19th century, after the Oyo empire collapsed and the r ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - Odùduwà, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language Links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Yoruba mythology

The Yorubas are one of the ethnic groups in Africa whose cultural heritage and legacy are recognizable in the Americas, despite the delibitating effects of slavery. Orisha religion, often called "Shango" worship and various musical artforms popularized in Latin America, especially Cuba, are rooted in Yoruba music. Perhaps their best known material artist is Olowe of Ise. Their religious beliefs are complex, and recognize a wide variety of deities. Olorun or Olodumare is venerated as the creator, with the other Orisas serving as emissaries or ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - Odùduwà, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language Links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Culture

The Yorubas are one of the ethnic groups in Africa whose cultural heritage and legacy are recognizable in the Americas, despite the delibitating effects of slavery. Orisha religion, often called "Shango" worship and various musical artforms popularized in Latin America, especially Cuba, are rooted in Yoruba music. Perhaps their best known material artist is Olowe of Ise. Their religious beliefs are complex, and recognize a wide variety of deities. Ọlọrun or Olodumare is venerated as the creator, with the other Orisas serving as emissarie ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Culture

Yoruba mythology is sometimes claimed to be one of the world's oldest widely practised religions. It is a major religion in Africa, chiefly in Nigeria, and it has given origin to several New World religions such as Santería in Cuba and Candomblé in Brazil. Itan is the term for the sum total of all Yoruba myths, songs, histories, and other cultural components. Many ethnic Yoruba were enslaved and taken to Cuba, Brazil, Trinidad and the rest of the New World (chiefly in the 19th century, after the Oyo empire collapsed and the r ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Yoruba mythology

Though monarchies were fairly common throughout the Yoruba-speaking region, they were not the only approach to government and social organization. The numerous Egba communities, found in the forests below O.yo.'s savannah region, were a notable example. These independent polities often had elected Obas, though the Ogboni, a legislative and judicial council of notable elders, wielded the actual political power. When citizens of more than 150 Egba and Owu communities migrated to the fortified city-state of Abeokuta during the wars of th ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - Odùduwà, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language Links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization

Though monarchies were fairly common throughout the Yorùbá-speaking region, they were not the only approach to government and social organization. The numerous Ẹgba communities, found in the forests below Ọyọ's savannah region, were a notable example. These independent polities often elected an Ọba, though real political, legislative, and judicial powers resided with the Ogboni, a council of notable elders. When citizens of more than 150 Ẹgba and Owu communities migrated to the fortified city-state of Abẹokuta during the ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization

Authoritarian control is an important theme of Ganda culture. In precolonial times, obedience to the king was a matter of life and death. A second important theme of Ganda culture, however, is the emphasis on individual achievement. An individual's future is not entirely determined by status at birth. Instead, individuals carve out their fortunes by hard work as well as by choosing friends, allies, and patrons carefully. The traditional Ganda economy relied on crop cultivation. In contrast with many other East African economic systems ...

See also:

Buganda, Buganda - Culture, Buganda - History, Buganda - Pre-colonial and colonial Buganda, Buganda - Power politics in pre-independence Uganda, Buganda - After independence, Buganda - Notes

Read more here: » Buganda: Encyclopedia II - Buganda - Culture

The Congo is situated at the heart of the west-central portion of sub-Saharan Africa and is bounded by (Clockwise from the west) Angola, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania across Lake Tanganyika, and Zambia. Its territory also straddles the Equator, with one-third to the north and two-thirds to the south. As a result of its equatorial location, the Congo experiences extremely high amounts of rainfall. The average rainfall for the entire country is about 1,070 millimeters ( ...

See also:

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo - History, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Congolese pre-history, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Medieval kingdoms, Democratic Republic of the Congo - European exploration and administration 1870–1960, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Political Crises 1960-1965, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Zaire 1965–1996, Democratic Republic of the Congo - War 1996–present, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Politics, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Political divisions, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Major cities, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Geography, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Economy, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Demographics, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Languages, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Culture, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Flora and fauna, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Democratic Republic of the Congo: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Geography

The origins of biological conservation can be traced to philosophical and religious beliefs about Man as a full part of Nature: Taoist and Shintoist philosophies encourage recognition of special sites, allowing spiritual experiments. Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism, grant a sacred value to animals. Primitive religions also recognize sacred values to sites such as forests, lakes, mountains. Islam recognizes each species as its own "nation", and an obligation of man to khalifa, or "stewardship" of the Earth. Specific conservation m ...

See also:

Conservation ethic, Conservation ethic - Introduction, Conservation ethic - Usage of term, Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation, Conservation ethic - Romantic-Transcendental, Conservation ethic - Resource Conservation, Conservation ethic - Evolutionary-Ecological, Conservation ethic - External link

Read more here: » Conservation ethic: Encyclopedia II - Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation