A Wisdom Archive on aflatoxin

Paprika is principally used as an ingredient in a broad variety of dishes throughout the world. Paprika, or pimentón as it is called in Spain, is principally used to flavor, color and odor rices, stews, and soups. Paprika is also used in Spain, Germany and Turkey in the preparation of sausages as an ingredient that is mixed with meats and other spices. The term paprika more particularly refers to the sweet capsicum varieties of dehydrated fruits as well as the ground spice. The term sweet (or "dulce" in Spanish, as in "pimenton dulce") refers to the fa ...

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The epidemiology of HCC exhibits two main patterns, one in North America and Western Europe and another in Non-Western Countries (regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, central Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Amazon basin). Hepatocellular carcinoma - Non-Western Countries. In some parts of the world, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and especially Taiwan and China) HCC is the most common cancer, generally affecting men more than women, and with an age of onset between late teens and 30's. This var ...

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ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-S09 head. (S00) Superficial injury of head (S01) Open wound of head (S02) Fracture of skull and facial bones (S03) Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head (S04) Injury of cranial nerves (S05) Injury of eye and orbit (S06) Intracranial injury (S07) Crushing ...

Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-T14 - Injury

Evidence demonstrates that the peanut was domesticated in prehistoric times in South America, where wild ancestors are still found. The plant was later spread worldwide by European traders. Cultivation in North America was popularized by African Americans, who brought the Kikongo word goober. In South America, the peanut is thought to have first grown in Argentina or Bolivia, where the most wild strains grow today. Curiously, fossilized peanuts between 10,000 and 100,000 years old have also been found in China, along with documentary evidence that they were grown there on a large ...

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Paprika is noted for its high vitamin C content (150 to 250 mg/100 g). In fact, vitamin C was first isolated (by Hungarian scientist Albert Szent-Györgyi) from Hungarian paprika. The paprika with pointed tips or cherry shaped minis have especially high vitamin C content and are usually very hot. The carotene (vitamin A source) content of the fruit is 10 mg/100g; in addition, it is high in vitamin B1 and B2. The spicy, hot species have a capsaicin content over 1000 mg p ...

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Although many people enjoy foods made with peanuts, some people have severe allergic reactions to peanuts. For people with peanut allergy, exposure can cause fatal anaphylactic shock. For these individuals, eating a single peanut or just breathing the dust from peanuts can cause a fatal reaction. An allergic reaction also can be triggered by eating foods that have been processed with machines that have previously processed peanuts, m ...

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The paprika plant is a herbaceous annual, with a densely branched stem. The plant reaches 0.5 to 1.5 m (20 - 60 in). Single white flowers bear the fruit which is green when unripe, changing principally to red, but sometimes to brown or purple. Only red-ripening fruits are used for paprika. The paprika pods are harvested during the late summer and early autumn. In Peru, and some other Equatorial countries, ...

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Macroscopically, liver cancer appears as a nodular or infiltrative tumor. The nodular type may be solitary (large mass) or multiple (when developed as a complication of cirrhosis). Tumor nodules are round to oval, grey or green (if the tumor produces bile), well circumscribed but not encapsulated. The diffuse type is poorly circumscribed and infiltrates the portal veins, or the hepatic veins (rarely). Microscopically, there are four architectural and cytological types (patterns) of hepatocellular carcinoma: fibrolamellar, pseudoglandu ...

Read more here: » Hepatocellular carcinoma: Encyclopedia II - Hepatocellular carcinoma - Pathology

Important features that guide treament include: - size spread (stage) involvement of liver vessels presence of a tumor capsule presence of extrahepatic metastases presence of daughter nodules vascularity of the tumor MRI is the best imaging method to detect the presence of a tumor capsule. ...

Read more here: » Hepatocellular carcinoma: Encyclopedia II - Hepatocellular carcinoma - Staging and prognosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most commonly appears in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B or hepatitis C, 20%) or with cirrhosis (about 80%). These patients commonly undergo surveillance with ultrasound due to the cost-effectiveness. In patients with a higher suspicion of HCC (such as rising alpha-fetoprotein levels), the best method of diagnosis involves a CT scan of the abdomen using intravenous contrast agent and three-phase scanning (before contrast administration, immediately after contrast administration, and a ...

Read more here: » Hepatocellular carcinoma: Encyclopedia II - Hepatocellular carcinoma - Diagnosis screening and monitoring