Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Criticism
Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism. Opponents of affirmative action regard it as government sanctioned racial discrimination, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - History
The terms "affirmative action" and "positive discrimination" originate in law, where it is common for lawyers to speak of "affirmative" o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Criticism
Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism. Opponents of affirmative action regard it as government sanctioned racial discrimination, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action
Affirmative action (U.S. English), or positive discrimination (British English), is a policy or a program promoting the representation in...   » Read the article

Article - Prosperity Consciousness: Risk, Security, And Triumph � Consequences Of The Power Of Thought
Nothing ventured, nothing gained! No pain, no gain! When the going gets tough, the tough get going, Everything's a trade-off. These are t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ward Connerly: Encyclopedia - Ward Connerly
Ward Connerly (born June 15, 1939) is a former University of California Regent, moderate conservative political activist, and businessman...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia - Anti-racism
Anti-racism refers to beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. In general, anti-racism is intende...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Defense: Encyclopedia - Affirmative Defense
An affirmative defense is a defense used in litigation between private parties in common law jurisdictions. Affirmative defenses work to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discrimination: Encyclopedia - Discrimination
To discriminate is to make a distinction. There are several meanings of the word, including statistical discrimination, or the actions of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Black Economic Empowerment: Encyclopedia - Black Economic Empowerment
Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a program launched by the South African government to redress the inequalities of apartheid by giving...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rescission: Encyclopedia - Rescission
In contract law, rescission (to rescind or set aside a contract) refers to the cancellation of the contract between the parties. This is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Purpose
Affirmative action began as corrective for past governmental and social injustices against demographic groups that have been subjected to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adivasi: Encyclopedia - Adivasi
Ādivāsīs (आदिवासी) or tribal peoples comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. Tribal peopl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Results
UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effective...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - History
The terms "affirmative action" and "positive discrimination" originate in law, where it is common for lawyers to speak of "affirmative" o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Purpose
Affirmative action began as corrective for past governmental and social injustices against demographic groups that have been subjected to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Results
UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effective...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Legacy Preferences: Encyclopedia Ii - Legacy Preferences - Criticism
Opponents accuse these programmes perpetuate a oligarchy and plutocracy as they lower the academic merit in admissions process. Opponents...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ward Connerly: Encyclopedia Ii - Ward Connerly - Support Of Political Campaigns Against Affirmative Action
After his appointment to the University of California board of regents in 1993, Connerly began to expound his controversial views on affi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - United States
In the U.S., affirmative action only applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment or enrollment. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - United States
In the U.S., affirmative action only applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment or enrollment. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter J. Brennan: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter J. Brennan - Hardhat Riots Of May 1970 And Support For President Nixon In 1972
On May 4, four students were shot dead at Kent State University in Ohio while protesting against the Vietnam War and the incursion into C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter J. Brennan: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter J. Brennan - Affirmative Action
John Lindsay was elected as Mayor of New York City in 1965 as a liberal Republican pledging to take on interests including building and c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Other Approaches
In some countries which have laws on racial equality, affirmative action is rendered illegal by a requirement to treat all races equally....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Affirmative Action: Encyclopedia Ii - Affirmative Action - Other Approaches
In some countries which have laws on racial equality, affirmative action is rendered illegal by a requirement to treat all races equally....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ward Connerly: Encyclopedia Ii - Ward Connerly - Racial/ethnic Political Controversy
Connerly's race has been a subject of debate, although Connerly rejects racial labels applied to himself. Connerly says he is only ¼ Bla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epeli Ganilau: Encyclopedia Ii - Epeli Ganilau - Domestic Policies
Ganilau has a reputation as an outspoken but moderate chief and politician, who opposes what he sees as divisive and inflammatory policie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter J. Brennan: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter J. Brennan - Labor Secretary
President Nixon appointed Peter Brennan as his Labor Secretary as a reward for his support and to try to consolidate his support amongst ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Article 153 Of The Constitution Of Malaysia: Encyclopedia Ii - Article 153 Of The Constitution Of Malaysia - Controversy
Although the Bumiputra have always been the largest racial segment of the Malaysian population (about 65%), their economic position has a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is the policy of consciously setting racial, ethnic, religious, or other kinds of diversity as a goal within an organi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter J. Brennan: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter J. Brennan - Later Years
Peter Brennan returned to his union positions in March 1975 and eventually retired in 1992. By that stage, construction unions under his ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter J. Brennan: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter J. Brennan - Early Career
Peter Brennan was born in New York City in 1918. His father was an ironworker who died when he was three. After attending the College of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epeli Ganilau: Encyclopedia Ii - Epeli Ganilau - Chairman Of The Great Council Of Chiefs
Ganilau was appointed to the Bose Levu Vakaturaga (Great Council of Chiefs) in 1999 as one of six representative of the Fijian government...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Article 153 Of The Constitution Of Malaysia: Encyclopedia Ii - Article 153 Of The Constitution Of Malaysia - Origins
The Constitution was drafted on the basis of a report from the Reid Commission. The commission, which had been formed to lay the groundwo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epeli Ganilau: Encyclopedia Ii - Epeli Ganilau - Founder Of The National Alliance Party
On 18 January 2005, Ganilau formally registered the National Alliance Party of Fiji. Joining him were university lecturer Meli Maqa as pa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture War: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture War - Campus Culture Wars
From the point of view of American academia, the 'culture wars' and their alignments were nothing new — rather they were perceived as a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture War: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture War - Campus Culture Wars
From the point of view of American academia, the 'culture wars' and their alignments were nothing new — rather they were perceived as a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Discriminatory Intent Or Disparate Impact?
Another controversial area of equal protection theory—although it seems that the legal doctrine has been settled by the Supreme Court�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Brown And Its Consequences
When Earl Warren became Chief Justice in 1953, Brown had already come before the Court. While Vinson was still Chief Justice, there had b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Carolene Products And The Various Levels Of Equal Protection Scrutiny
Despite the undoubted importance of Brown, much of modern equal protection jurisprudence stems from the fourth footnote in United States ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Discriminatory Intent Or Disparate Impact?
Another controversial area of equal protection theory—although it seems that the legal doctrine has been settled by the Supreme Court�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - The Equal Protection Clause And Voting
Although the Supreme Court ruled in Nixon v. Herndon (1927) and Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960) that the Constitution prohibited denial of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Brown And Its Consequences
When Earl Warren became Chief Justice in 1953, Brown had already come before the Court. While Vinson was still Chief Justice, there had b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Discriminatory Intent Or Disparate Impact?
Another controversial area of equal protection theory—although it seems that the legal doctrine has been settled by the Supreme Court�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Post-civil War Interpretation And The Plessy Decision
The first truly landmark equal protection decision by the Supreme Court was Strauder v. West Virginia (1880). A black man convicted of mu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Between Plessy And Brown
Thus the Plessy majority's interpretation of the Clause stood until Brown. However, the holding of Brown was prefigured, to some extent, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Legacy Preferences: Encyclopedia Ii - Legacy Preferences - Argument For Legacy Preferences
Prestigious universities and college often rely on the business, work, publicity, donations, or funds from alumni. Thus, these colleges a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Brown And Its Consequences
When Earl Warren became Chief Justice in 1953, Brown had already come before the Court. While Vinson was still Chief Justice, there had b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Who Is A Suspect Class?
The Supreme Court has seemed unwilling to extend "suspect class" status (i.e., status deserving of greater judicial protection by means o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Suspect Classes
The Supreme Court has seemed unwilling to extend "suspect class" status (i.e., status deserving of greater judicial protection by means o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Family And Background
King was born in Atlanta, Georgia (on Auburn Avenue) to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. Birth records for Mar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Civil Rights Activism
In 1953, King became the pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. He was a leader of the 1955 Montgomery Bus Bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Chicago
In 1966, after several successes in the South, King and other people in the civil rights organizations tried to spread the movement to th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Further Challenges
Starting in 1965, King began to express doubts about the United States' role in the Vietnam War. On April 4, 1967 -- exactly one year bef...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Assassination
King was assassinated the next evening, April 4, 1968, at 6:01 PM, on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, while prep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - Origins Of Modern Anti-racism
North American Indian nations had more of a direct influence on anti-racism. Many Indian nations were very egalitarian in comparison to E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - King And The Fbi
King had a mutually antagonistic relationship with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), especially its director, J. Edgar Hoover, w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Awards And Recognition
Besides winning the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, in 1965 the American Jewish Committee presented the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. with...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - Legacy
King's reputation has grown to become one of the most revered names in American history. Today he is often compared with Abraham Lincoln,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Martin Luther King Jr.: Encyclopedia Ii - Martin Luther King Jr. - King In Popular Culture
King is also the basis for the comic book character Professor Charles Xavier, the leader of the X-Men. King was also featured in the Janu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Kerry Presidential Campaign 2004: Encyclopedia Ii - John Kerry Presidential Campaign 2004 - Issue Stances
Kerry's stance on the foreign and domestic issues of the day is outlined in his book co-authored by John Edwards, "Our Plan for America -...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Model Minority: Encyclopedia Ii - Model Minority - United States
Model minority - History of the Model Minority Stereotype. "Model minority" was first used in the mid-1960s in the work of William Pete...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Kerry Presidential Campaign 2004: Encyclopedia Ii - John Kerry Presidential Campaign 2004 - Campaign History
John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Campaign managers. Early on, John Kerry's campaign manager was Jim Jordan. However, Jordan was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Kerry Presidential Campaign 2004: Encyclopedia Ii - John Kerry Presidential Campaign 2004 - Miscellanous Events
John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Project Vote Smart challenge. Kerry, like Bush, has refused repeatedly to respond to Project Vo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - The Revival Of Anti-racism In The United States
Anti-racism showed signs of revival in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, anthropologists such as Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - Anti-racism's Influence
Anti-racist ideology has been hugely influential. It has been a catalyst for feminism, anti-war, and anti-imperialist movements. Henry Da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - Origins Of Modern Anti-racism
North American Indian nations had more of a direct influence on anti-racism. Many Indian nations were very egalitarian in comparison to E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - Controversies
Despite anti-racism's successes, however, some people feel that racism is still a powerful force in Western societies. Proponents of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Model Minority: Encyclopedia Ii - Model Minority - Other Countries
In the United Kingdom, the Jewish, East Asian, and Indian populations are often considered to be model minorities. Particularly, the econ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Model Minority: Encyclopedia Ii - Model Minority - United States
Model minority - History of the Model Minority Stereotype. "Model minority" was first used in the mid-1960s in the work of William Pete...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discrimination: Encyclopedia Ii - Discrimination - Government Sanctioned Discrimination
By virtue of establishing nationalism (as opposed to globalism) every government has formalized and supported discrimination. Examples of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - The Revival Of Anti-racism In The United States
Anti-racism showed signs of revival in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, anthropologists such as Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture War: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture War - Culture Wars: The Struggle To Define America 1991
The expression gained wide use with the 1991 publication of Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America by James Davison Hunter. In that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thoughtcrime: Encyclopedia Ii - Thoughtcrime - Thought Police
The Thought Police (thinkpol in Newspeak) was the secret police of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four whose job it was to uncover and punish ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - Anti-racism's Influence
Anti-racist ideology has been hugely influential. It has been a catalyst for feminism, anti-war, and anti-imperialist movements. Henry Da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-racism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-racism - Controversies
Despite anti-racism's successes, however, some people feel that racism is still a powerful force in Western societies. Proponents of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thoughtcrime: Encyclopedia Ii - Thoughtcrime - Modern Accusations
Some people believe governments may be currently enforcing laws that implement a de-facto kind of thoughtcrime legislation. Prime among t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thoughtcrime: Encyclopedia Ii - Thoughtcrime - Technology And Thoughtcrime
Just as technology played a significant part in the detection of thoughtcrime in Nineteen Eighty-Four — with the ubiquitous telescreens...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reverse Discrimination: Encyclopedia Ii - Reverse Discrimination - Criticism Of The Term Itself
The term reverse discrimination has been criticized by advocates of affirmative action as casting affirmative action in a negative light,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cultural Assimilation: Encyclopedia Ii - Cultural Assimilation - Minority Cultures
Assimilation can have negative implications for national minorities or aboriginal cultures, in that after assimilation the distinctive fe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discrimination: Encyclopedia Ii - Discrimination - Ageism
Ageism is discrimination against a person or group on the grounds of age. Although theoretically the word can refer to the discrimination...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discrimination: Encyclopedia Ii - Discrimination - The Paradox Of Discrimination
Many people assume that when there is discrimination, one group of people is given more favorable treatment than others. This is not alwa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discrimination: Encyclopedia Ii - Discrimination - Gender Discrimination
Any action that specifically denies opportunities, privileges, or rewards to a person or a group because of their sex. Internationally, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Super Friends: Encyclopedia Ii - Super Friends - Challenge Of The Super Friends
Eleven heroes made up the Super Friends during the Challenge of the Super Friends season. They were: Superman Batman Wonder Woman Aquama...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Council Of Churches: Encyclopedia Ii - National Council Of Churches - Criticism
National Council of Churches - Conservative. There has been an ongoing conservative reaction to the work of the NCC. Some evangelicals,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catholics For A Free Choice: Encyclopedia Ii - Catholics For A Free Choice - Pope-watch
Additionally, Catholics for a Free Choice operates a project named Pope-Watch.org[4]. Among the demands made to Pope Benedict XVI by the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture War: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture War - After 9/11
The national mood post-9/11 had been compared by some to the time of the start of the Great Depression. Others disputed that, arguing tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mecha: Encyclopedia Ii - Mecha - Organizational Status
MEChA - MEChA Constitution. MEChA's constitution was ratified in 1995.[1] and contains four objectives: Educational, cultural, economi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Deal Coalition: Encyclopedia Ii - New Deal Coalition - End Of New Deal Coalition
The coalition fell apart in many ways. The first cause was lack of a leader of the stature of Roosevelt. The closest was perhaps Lyndon J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture War: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture War - Buchanan's 1992 Speech
See also culture war speech During the same period, paleoconservative commentator Patrick J. "Pat" Buchanan mounted a campaign for the Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equal Protection Clause: Encyclopedia Ii - Equal Protection Clause - Background
The Fourteenth Amendment was enacted in 1868, shortly after the Union victory in the American Civil War. Though the Thirteenth Amendment,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture War: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture War - Fourth Turning 1996
The term Culture Wars was adopted by William Strauss and Neil Howe in Fourth Turning (1996), to describe the historical period from 1984 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eyes On The Prize: Encyclopedia Ii - Eyes On The Prize - Topics Covered
The topics covered in the episodes of the series: Eyes on the Prize - Part 1. School integration, Little Rock, Arkansas, Montgomery Bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Super Friends: Encyclopedia Ii - Super Friends - Challenge Of The Super Friends
Eleven heroes made up the Super Friends during the Challenge of the Super Friends season. They were: Superman Batman Wonder Woman Aquama...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vosburg V. Putney: Encyclopedia Ii - Vosburg V. Putney - Holding
Judgment for the plaintiff affirmed. The court held that the action was to "recover damages for an alleged assault and battery." The gene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - African American: Encyclopedia Ii - African American - Nomenclature
The term "African American" has been in common usage in the United States since the late 1980s, when greater numbers of African Americans...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - African American: Encyclopedia Ii - African American - African American History
Main article: African American history Africans in America, like their European counterparts, are composed of many diverse ethnic groups....   » Read the article

Dictionary - Intention: New Age Spirituality Dictionary On Intention
Intention In magick and affirmation, the focus of the mind, the sense of purpose that leads to action.   (See also: Intention...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Intention: Health And Healing Dictionary On Intention
Intention: In magic and affirmation, the focus of the mind, the sense of purpose that leads to action.   (See also: Intention ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Intention: New Age Spirituality Dictionary On Intention
Intention In magick and affirmation, the focus of the mind, the sense of purpose that leads to action.   (See also: Intention...   » Read the article