Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism. Opponents of affirmative action regard it as government sanctioned racial discrimination, and also believe that it’s demeaning to members of minority groups, that affirmative action wrongly sends a condescending message to minorities that they are not capable enough to be considered on their own merits. Affirmative action - Quotas. Critics often object to the use of racial quotas and gender quotas in affirmative action. Quotas are ill ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Centrist view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - Criticism

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Centrist view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - History

Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism. Opponents of affirmative action regard it as government sanctioned racial discrimination, and also believe that it’s demeaning to members of minority groups, that affirmative action wrongly sends a condescending message to minorities that they are not capable enough to be considered on their own merits. Affirmative action - Quotas. Critics often object to the use of racial quotas and gender quotas in affirmative action. Quotas are ill ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - Criticism

Affirmative action (U.S. English), or positive discrimination (British English), is a policy or a program promoting the representation in various systems of people of a group who have traditionally been discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian society. This typically focuses on education, employment, health care, or social welfare. In employment, affirmative action may also be known as employment equity or preferential hiring. In this context affirmative action requires that institutions increa ...

Including:

• Affirmative action - Purpose
• Affirmative action - History
• Affirmative action - American history
• Affirmative action - Other approaches
• Affirmative action - Consultations
• Affirmative action - United States
• Affirmative action - Basis in law
• Affirmative action - Implementation in universities
• Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases
• Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states
• Affirmative action - Other countries
• Affirmative action - Results
• Affirmative action - Criticism
• Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism
• Affirmative action - Quotas
• Affirmative action - Cultural differences
• Affirmative action - Biological Differences
• Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities
• Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell
• Affirmative action - Counter-arguments
• Affirmative action - Libertarian view
• Affirmative action - Organizations
• Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia - Affirmative action

Nothing ventured, nothing gained! No pain, no gain! When the going gets tough, the tough get going, Everything's a trade-off. These are the great truisms or affirmations. It seems our minds are extremely aware of negative consequences at every turn.

It is known that take-action people are often not greatly introspective. If you really let yourself think of the possible negative consequences of any action, you might never get out of bed in the morning. Some version of that model is how most people lead their lives. "Play it safe. Don't risk, or you can lose everything." Or at least... "It will be too painful if you lose."

Read more here: » Prosperity Consciousness: Risk, Security, and Triumph � Consequences of the Power of Thought

Ward Connerly (born June 15, 1939) is a former University of California Regent, moderate conservative political activist, and businessman. He is best known for his controversial role as an advocate against affirmative action, which he regards as racial discrimination. His twelve-year tenure on the board of regents ended on January 20, 2005. Ward Connerly - Early life. Ward Connerly was born June 15, 1939 in Leesville, Louisiana. He was abandoned by his father at an early age. After the death of his mother, ...

Including:

• Ward Connerly - Early life
• Ward Connerly - Support of political campaigns against affirmative action
• Ward Connerly - His Political Views
• Ward Connerly - Racial/ethnic political controversy
• Ward Connerly - Controversial remarks

Read more here: » Ward Connerly: Encyclopedia - Ward Connerly

Anti-racism refers to beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. In general, anti-racism is intended to promote an egalitarian society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race, however defined. By its nature, anti-racism tends to promote the view that racism in a particular society is both pernicious and socially pervasive, and that particular changes in political, economic, and/or social life are required to eliminate it. Anti-racism - Precursors of anti ...

Including:

• Anti-racism - Precursors of anti-racism
• Anti-racism - Origins of modern anti-racism
• Anti-racism - The revival of anti-racism in the United States
• Anti-racism - Anti-racism's influence
• Anti-racism - Controversies
• Anti-racism - Anti-racist organisations

Read more here: » Anti-racism: Encyclopedia - Anti-racism

An affirmative defense is a defense used in litigation between private parties in common law jurisdictions. Affirmative defenses work to limit or excuse a defendant's liability even if the plaintiff's claim is proven, based on facts outside those claimed by the plaintiff. For example: arbitration and award is an affirmative defense asserting that the action's subject matter has previously been settled in arbitration. An affirmative defense must be timely pleaded by the defendant in order for the court to consider it, or ...

Including:

• Affirmative defense - Examples

Read more here: » Affirmative defense: Encyclopedia - Affirmative defense

To discriminate is to make a distinction. There are several meanings of the word, including statistical discrimination, or the actions of a circuit called a `discriminator`. This article addresses the most common colloquial sense of the word, invidious discrimination. That is, to make a distinction between people on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit. Examples include social, racial, religious, sexual, disability, ethnic and age-related discrimination. Discrimination - Government san ...

Including:

• Discrimination - Government sanctioned discrimination
• Discrimination - Ageism
• Discrimination - The paradox of discrimination
• Discrimination - Gender Discrimination

Read more here: » Discrimination: Encyclopedia - Discrimination

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a program launched by the South African government to redress the inequalities of apartheid by giving previously disadvantaged groups (Africans, Coloureds and Indians) economic opportunuties. It is related to Employment Equity, (Affirmative Action). After the end of Apartheid in 1994 and the advent of majority rule, control of big business still rested in the hands of the white minority, so the government, in conjuction with business began the facilitating black ownership and shareholding in South African companies. BEE could be compared to similar processes in ...

Including:

• Black Economic Empowerment - Effects
• Black Economic Empowerment - Criticism

Read more here: » Black Economic Empowerment: Encyclopedia - Black Economic Empowerment

In contract law, rescission (to rescind or set aside a contract) refers to the cancellation of the contract between the parties. This is done to bring the parties as far as possible to the position they were before they entered into a contract. This an equitable remedy and is discretionary. The court may decline to rescind a contract if one party has affirmed the contract by his action (see Long v Lloyd) or a third party has acquired some rights or there has been substantial performance in implementing the contract.

Read more here: » Rescission: Encyclopedia - Rescission

Affirmative action began as corrective for past governmental and social injustices against demographic groups that have been subjected to prejudice. Such groups are characterized most commonly by race, sex or gender, or ethnicity. Affirmative action seeks to increase the representation of these demographic groups in schools, in work place, and in society in general. A certain group or gender may be less proportionately represented in an area, often employment or education, due predominantly, in the view of proponents, to past or ongoi ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Centrist view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - Purpose

Ādivāsīs (आदिवासी) or tribal peoples comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. Tribal peoples are particularly numerous in the Indian states of Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, and in extreme northeastern states such as Mizoram. Officially recognized by the Indian government as "Scheduled Tribes" in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, they are often grouped together with scheduled castes in the category "Scheduled Castes and Tribes", which is eligible for certain affirmative action measures. During the 19th century, ...

Including:

• Adivasi - Geographic Overview
• Adivasi - Criteria of 'Tribalness'
• Adivasi - Education
• Adivasi - Economy
• Adivasi - Some notable Scheduled Tribes

Read more here: » Adivasi: Encyclopedia - Adivasi

UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of affirmative action in law schools. The article presents a study that, among other things, shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school, and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Centrist view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - Results

The terms "affirmative action" and "positive discrimination" originate in law, where it is common for lawyers to speak of "affirmative" or "positive" remedies that command the wrongdoer to do something. In contrast, "negative" remedies command the wrongdoer to not do something or to stop doing something. Affirmative action - American history. The initial successes of the civil rights movement brought about negative remedies that attempted to prevent majority ethnic or racial groups from discr ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - History

Affirmative action began as corrective for past governmental and social injustices against demographic groups that have been subjected to prejudice. Such groups are characterized most commonly by race, sex or gender, or ethnicity. Affirmative action seeks to increase the representation of these demographic groups in schools, in work place, and in society in general. A certain group or gender may be less proportionately represented in an area, often employment or education, due predominantly, in the view of proponents, to past or ongoi ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - Purpose

UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of affirmative action in law schools. The article presents a study that, among other things, shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school, and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - Results

Opponents accuse these programmes perpetuate a oligarchy and plutocracy as they lower the academic merit in admissions process. Opponents charge the wealthiest families in the nation are given an insurmountable advantage which hinders economic fluidity. Supporters of affirmative action often charge that affirmative action opponents will often be indifferent or supportive of legacy preferences in college admissions process but hastily argue to rid affirmative action programs. Affirmative action supporters often charge that legacy prefe ...

See also:

Legacy preferences, Legacy preferences - Argument for Legacy Preferences, Legacy preferences - Criticism, Legacy preferences - Outside resources

Read more here: » Legacy preferences: Encyclopedia II - Legacy preferences - Criticism

After his appointment to the University of California board of regents in 1993, Connerly began to expound his controversial views on affirmative action. After listening to Jerry and Ellan Cook in 1994, whose son was rejected at UCSF Medical School, Connerly was convinced that affirmative action as practiced in the University of California was in fact racial discrimination. Jerry Cook, a statistician, presented statistical purporting to prove that whites and Asians were systematically denied admission despite having better grades and test sco ...

See also:

Ward Connerly, Ward Connerly - Early life, Ward Connerly - Support of political campaigns against affirmative action, Ward Connerly - His Political Views, Ward Connerly - Racial/ethnic political controversy, Ward Connerly - Controversial remarks

Read more here: » Ward Connerly: Encyclopedia II - Ward Connerly - Support of political campaigns against affirmative action

In the U.S., affirmative action only applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment or enrollment. Thus, any potential advantage or disadvantage is predominantly conferred upon working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity. This arrangement has the greatest impact on young people, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society. This overall framework was established by Presidential Decree in March 1961 ...

See also:

Affirmative action, Affirmative action - Purpose, Affirmative action - History, Affirmative action - American history, Affirmative action - Other approaches, Affirmative action - Consultations, Affirmative action - United States, Affirmative action - Basis in law, Affirmative action - Implementation in universities, Affirmative action - Important Supreme Court cases, Affirmative action - In individual U.S. states, Affirmative action - Other countries, Affirmative action - Results, Affirmative action - Criticism, Affirmative action - Demeaning racialism, Affirmative action - Quotas, Affirmative action - Cultural differences, Affirmative action - Biological Differences, Affirmative action - Disadvantaging working-class non-minorities, Affirmative action - Criticism by Thomas Sowell, Affirmative action - Counter-arguments, Affirmative action - Libertarian view, Affirmative action - Organizations, Affirmative action - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Affirmative action: Encyclopedia II - Affirmative action - United States