Timeline of luminiferous aether - Early experiments. 1727 - Bradley measures stellar aberration for the first time, proving that light has a finite speed as well as that the Earth is moving. 1818 - Augustin Fresnel's Wave Theory of Light, which proposes light is a traverse wave travelling in an aether, thereby explaining how polarization can exist. 1820 - Discovery of Siméon Poisson's "Bright Spot", supporting the Wave Theory. 1830 - Fresnel develops a formula for predicting and ...

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Timeline of luminiferous aether, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Timeline, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Early experiments, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Crisis, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Change, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Debate slows, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Further readings, Timeline of luminiferous aether - Classical references

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Father-Aether or -Ether. See ARCHAEUS

(See also: Father-Aether, -Ether, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Miller obtained a doctorate in astronomy at Princeton University under Charles A. Young. In 1890, he worked at the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio teaching astronomy, later becoming the head of the physics department in 1893. Following the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895, Miller used cathode ray tubes built by William Crookes to make some of the first photographic images of concealed objects, including a bullet within a man's limb. ...

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Dayton Miller, Dayton Miller - Biography, Dayton Miller - Aether research, Dayton Miller - Shankland analysis, Dayton Miller - Other endeavors, Dayton Miller - Published works

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Under general relativity, the gravitational field parameters are supposed not just to 'modify' underlying pre-existing distances and times, but to define them, completely. Separation between objects is then not an independent mathematical property as it is with special relativity, the "quantity of space" between two objects is instead entirely defined by the properties of the region's gravitational field. Einstein, 1952: "... Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended ...

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Aether and general relativity, Aether and general relativity - The gravitational field considered as a medium, Aether and general relativity - Einstein on GR's aether, Aether and general relativity - Physical properties of the GR aether, Aether and general relativity - Utility of the GR aether concept, Aether and general relativity - Validity of the GR aether description

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The aether drag hypothesis is historically important because it was one of the reasons why Newton's corpuscular theory of light was replaced by the wave theory and it is used in early explanations of light propagation without relativity theory. It originated as a result of early attempts to measure the speed of light. In 1810 François Arago realised that variations in the refractive index of a substance predicted by the corpuscular theory would provide a useful method for measuring the velocity of light. These predictions arose becau ...

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Aether drag hypothesis, Aether drag hypothesis - Historical importance, Aether drag hypothesis - Bibliography and References

Read more here: » Aether drag hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Aether drag hypothesis - Historical importance

It is difficult to quantify how much Newton's accidentally-inverted lightspeed and light-energy relationships, and the subsequent loss of "advanced" ideas based on his descriptions of light may have held back the development of modern physics. For example: John Michell's publication in the Royal Society journal in 1784 discusses gravitational shifts and how to measure them, calculated the modern r=2M radius at which light becomes gravitationally bound to an object (see dark stars and black holes, and identifies the "modern" method of ...

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Newton's aether model, Newton's aether model - Problems with Newton's aether, Newton's aether model - 1: Lightspeeds, Newton's aether model - 2: Space curvature vs spacetime curvature, Newton's aether model - Modernised Newtonian theory, Newton's aether model - Missed opportunities, Newton's aether model - Quotes

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Since the Shapiro effect (above) arguably increases the amount of time that an object passing a gravity-source spends nearby, it ought to increase the amount that light is deflected when it passes a large mass, and also ought to cause a planet with a highly elliptical orbit to precess since the outer and inner limits of its orbit are now less balanced - the original "space-curvature" part of the Newtonian light-bending calculations is supplemented by a "time-curvature" component. The increased deflection of light by the sun compared to the " ...

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Newton's aether model, Newton's aether model - Problems with Newton's aether, Newton's aether model - 1: Lightspeeds, Newton's aether model - 2: Space curvature vs spacetime curvature, Newton's aether model - Modernised Newtonian theory, Newton's aether model - Missed opportunities, Newton's aether model - Quotes

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During the 19th century science adopted ideas and developed theories related to the luminiferous aether and performed several experiments in order to discover its nature. One of these experiments was the famous Michelson-Morley experiment (1887), based in earlier theories of the invisible aether (or ether). This experiment disproved the existence of an aether to early physics and after Einstein conceived the theory of relativity (and related 'four-space'), since 1904, this conception of an aether was dismissed. However modern scientific theo ...

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Etheric plane, Etheric plane - Etymology, Etheric plane - Alchemy background, Etheric plane - Rosicrucian and Esoteric Christianity conceptions, Etheric plane - New scientific conception of the Aether ether

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There arose a theory in 19th-century physics that there existed a hypothetical medium named the "Aether" (or ether). Some physicists suggested that the universe was filled with this substance known as "aether" which transmitted electromagnetic waves. It was also postulated that light arose from vibrations of the aether. Aether constituted an absolute reference frame against which speeds could be measured. In oth ...

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Preferred frame, Preferred frame - Preferred frame in aether theory, Preferred frame - The Aether ether in 19th Century Physics, Preferred frame - Inertial frames preferred above noninertial frames, Preferred frame - No preferred frames

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Each year, the Earth travels a tremendous distance in its orbit around the sun, at a speed of around 30 km/second, over 100,000 km per hour. It was reasoned that the Earth would at all times be moving through the aether and producing a detectable "aether wind". At any given point on the Earth's surface, the magnitude and direction of the wind would vary with time of day and season. By analysing the effective wind at various different times, it should be possible to separate out components due to motion of the Earth relative to the ...

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Michelson-Morley experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Measuring aether, Michelson-Morley experiment - The experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Fallout, Michelson-Morley experiment - Gravitational waves

Read more here: » Michelson-Morley experiment: Encyclopedia II - Michelson-Morley experiment - Measuring aether

See Aether (classical element) The aether (also written as "ether") was widely accepted in ancient Greek philosophy and science. This Greek concept seems to derive directly from the akasha, its Hindu counterpart. In Greek doctrines it seems that the aether was the celestial fire, the pure essence where the gods lived and which they breathed. In this connection, it seems that aether is radiative heat like that of the sun, which is able to propagate in empty space. The Greek word aither derives from an Indo-European root aith- ("burn, shine"). This root figures in the name of Aithiopia (Ethiopia ...

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Etheric plane, Etheric plane - Etymology, Etheric plane - Alchemy background, Etheric plane - Rosicrucian and Esoteric Christianity conceptions, Etheric plane - New scientific conception of the Aether ether

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According to Max Heindel's Rosicrucian writings [1], there is - in addition to the solids, liquids, and gases which compose the Chemical Region of the Physical World - a finer grade of matter called ether, which permeates the atomic structure of the earth and its atmosphere. The ether, which is disposed in four grades of density, is considered to be physical matter and responsive to the same laws which govern other physical substances upon the ...

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Etheric plane, Etheric plane - Etymology, Etheric plane - Alchemy background, Etheric plane - Rosicrucian and Esoteric Christianity conceptions, Etheric plane - New scientific conception of the Aether ether

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The Space Pirates are a race of interstellar mauraders, that, true to their name, commit acts of piracy for a living. They are highly disciplined, well-organized foes, something unusual in a pirate group. They are the sworn enemies of Samus Aran. Around twenty years after the Chozo containment of Phazon on Tallon IV, Space Pirates picked up on an unknown and powerful energy signature. After their first defeat on Zebes at the hands of bounty huntress Samus Aran, they were eager to find a powerful energy source to rebuild their army, an ...

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Phazon, Phazon - Consistencies and Types, Phazon - Phazon Madness, Phazon - The Chozo and Tallon IV, Phazon - Metroid Prime, Phazon - Aether Dark Aether the Luminoth and the Ing, Phazon - Dark Samus, Phazon - The Space Pirates, Phazon - Origins

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This result was rather astounding and not explainable by the then-current theory of wave propagation in a static aether. Several explanations were attempted, among them, that the experiment had a hidden flaw (apparently Michelson's initial belief), or that the Earth's gravitational field somehow "dragged" the aether around with it in such a way as locally to eliminate its effect. Miller would have argued that, in most if not all experiments other than his own, there was little possibility of detecting an aether wind since it was almost compl ...

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Michelson-Morley experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Measuring aether, Michelson-Morley experiment - The experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Fallout, Michelson-Morley experiment - Gravitational waves

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It also should be noted that Phazon occasionally causes mental illness to intelligent beings. Space Pirates call it "Phazon Madness", and one report even tells of a Space Pirate holding other personnel at gunpoint and telling them that the Phazon was his. Another was of young Pirates infused with Phazon during the embryonic stage exhibiting "psychotic behavior", "attacking everything in their zone of perception". According to a Pirate Log, the most common symptoms of Phazon Madness are "loss of equilibrium", "erratic behaviour", and several ...

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Phazon, Phazon - Consistencies and Types, Phazon - Phazon Madness, Phazon - The Chozo and Tallon IV, Phazon - Metroid Prime, Phazon - Aether Dark Aether the Luminoth and the Ing, Phazon - Dark Samus, Phazon - The Space Pirates, Phazon - Origins

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Aetherometry - The dynamic aether. The Correas' main claim is the identification of a universal, dynamic, imponderable (non-massive) and non-electric aether continuum that manifests primarily, as the volume of space itself and the energy latent in that space; secondarily, as a cosmic radiant electrical energy spectrum, ponderable matter, gravity and electrodynamic interactions; and tertiarily, as electromagnetic radi ...

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Aetherometry, Aetherometry - Aims, Aetherometry - Central Concepts, Aetherometry - Massfree energy, Aetherometry - Graviton energy, Aetherometry - Ambipolar massfree energy Orgone and DOR aka Tesla radiation, Aetherometry - Latent heat or latent massfree energy, Aetherometry - Theoretical research, Aetherometry - Explicit conflicts, Aetherometry - Theory, Aetherometry - The dynamic aether, Aetherometry - Space and radiant energy, Aetherometry - Matter motion light and gravity, Aetherometry - Experiments, Aetherometry - The electroscope, Aetherometry - The pendulum, Aetherometry - Reich's orgone, Aetherometry - Tesla radiation, Aetherometry - Vacuum discharge tubes, Aetherometry - Predictions, Aetherometry - Proponents

Read more here: » Aetherometry: Encyclopedia II - Aetherometry - Theory

The Chozo, a birdlike race with supremely advanced technology, wished to achieve enlightenment, and so they abandoned their technology to live on the peaceful world of Tallon IV. There, they made their cities out of natural materials, tended trees, and viewed wildlife with reverence and respect, much like some groups of monks. Through this, they were finally able to achieve the enlightenment they sought: they willfully left their bodies behind and inhabited another ...

See also:

Phazon, Phazon - Consistencies and Types, Phazon - Phazon Madness, Phazon - The Chozo and Tallon IV, Phazon - Metroid Prime, Phazon - Aether Dark Aether the Luminoth and the Ing, Phazon - Dark Samus, Phazon - The Space Pirates, Phazon - Origins

Read more here: » Phazon: Encyclopedia II - Phazon - The Chozo and Tallon IV

Ironically, after all this thought and preparation, the experiment became what might be called the most famous failed experiment to date. Instead of providing insight into the properties of the aether, it produced none of the effects to be expected if the Earth's motion produced an "aether wind". Although a small "velocity" was measured, it was far too small to be used as evidence of aether, did not seem to vary in a day/night or seasonal pattern, and was within the range of an experimental error that would allow the speed to actually be zer ...

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Michelson-Morley experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Measuring aether, Michelson-Morley experiment - The experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Fallout, Michelson-Morley experiment - Gravitational waves

Read more here: » Michelson-Morley experiment: Encyclopedia II - Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment

Soon after arriving, Samus learns about the Ing, the Luminoth, and ultimately meets the reincarnation of Metroid Prime, Dark Samus, who must be defeated several times. Dark Samus is a being created, presumably, from the Phazon Suit that Metroid Prime took from Samus before "dying" and from Samus' DNA (which explains her hostility to Space Pirates and Samus herself). She has many of Samus's abilites, but better: She can fly, her power beam has both a Phazon composition and a shotgun effect, she has near-impenetrable shielding, and she can reform herself short of complete atomic disruption. See Dark Samus for full details on ...

See also:

Phazon, Phazon - Consistencies and Types, Phazon - Phazon Madness, Phazon - The Chozo and Tallon IV, Phazon - Metroid Prime, Phazon - Aether Dark Aether the Luminoth and the Ing, Phazon - Dark Samus, Phazon - The Space Pirates, Phazon - Origins

Read more here: » Phazon: Encyclopedia II - Phazon - Dark Samus

Phazon has been known to resemble a lava-like liquid. There are two types: the "regular," less-potent Blue Phazon, and the highly radioactive and deadly orange/red Phazon. Phazon also has two consistencies: the first is a sticky, gel-like substance (possibly even a solid) that tends to emit electric charges that arc along its surface, or from its surface to an object in the substance. This type also tends to be brighter than the second. The second consistency of Phazon is known to be a less sticky substance that acts more like a complete liquid, with no visible electric charges. (Blue ...

See also:

Phazon, Phazon - Consistencies and Types, Phazon - Phazon Madness, Phazon - The Chozo and Tallon IV, Phazon - Metroid Prime, Phazon - Aether Dark Aether the Luminoth and the Ing, Phazon - Dark Samus, Phazon - The Space Pirates, Phazon - Origins

Read more here: » Phazon: Encyclopedia II - Phazon - Consistencies and Types

Eugene Mallove, founder of Infinite Energy magazine, as part of his general interest in alternative energy publicly supported of aetherometry, and was one of the founding members of the International Society of Friends of Aetherometry. Papers, books, and DVDs on aetherometry have been published by Akronos Publishing (a Canadian publishing house in which Paulo Correa and Alexandra Correa are partners) and in the non-mainstream science magazine Infinite Energy, but not in peer-reviewed scientific publications. None of the papers has been cited in peer-r ...

See also:

Aetherometry, Aetherometry - Aims, Aetherometry - Central Concepts, Aetherometry - Massfree energy, Aetherometry - Graviton energy, Aetherometry - Ambipolar massfree energy Orgone and DOR aka Tesla radiation, Aetherometry - Latent heat or latent massfree energy, Aetherometry - Theoretical research, Aetherometry - Explicit conflicts, Aetherometry - Theory, Aetherometry - The dynamic aether, Aetherometry - Space and radiant energy, Aetherometry - Matter motion light and gravity, Aetherometry - Experiments, Aetherometry - The electroscope, Aetherometry - The pendulum, Aetherometry - Reich's orgone, Aetherometry - Tesla radiation, Aetherometry - Vacuum discharge tubes, Aetherometry - Predictions, Aetherometry - Proponents

Read more here: » Aetherometry: Encyclopedia II - Aetherometry - Proponents

Some Aetherometry theories are in direct conflict with several well-established scientific theories, most notably relativity, Lorentz electrodynamics, photon theory and the equivalence principle. In particular, the Aetherometry proposal of distinct but integrated space and time manifolds runs contrary to the conjoined spacetime posited by relativity and holds that the experimentally-noted effects on matter and radiation attributed by relativity to curved spacetime are instead effects o ...

See also:

Aetherometry, Aetherometry - Aims, Aetherometry - Central Concepts, Aetherometry - Massfree energy, Aetherometry - Graviton energy, Aetherometry - Ambipolar massfree energy Orgone and DOR aka Tesla radiation, Aetherometry - Latent heat or latent massfree energy, Aetherometry - Theoretical research, Aetherometry - Explicit conflicts, Aetherometry - Theory, Aetherometry - The dynamic aether, Aetherometry - Space and radiant energy, Aetherometry - Matter motion light and gravity, Aetherometry - Experiments, Aetherometry - The electroscope, Aetherometry - The pendulum, Aetherometry - Reich's orgone, Aetherometry - Tesla radiation, Aetherometry - Vacuum discharge tubes, Aetherometry - Predictions, Aetherometry - Proponents

Read more here: » Aetherometry: Encyclopedia II - Aetherometry - Explicit conflicts