Advanced Technology Attachment

Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disks and CD-ROM drives inside personal computers. Many terms and synonyms for ATA exist, including abbreviations such as IDE, ATAPI, and UDMA. With the market introduction of Serial ATA in 2003, the original ATA was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA). In ...

Including:

• Advanced Technology Attachment - History
• Advanced Technology Attachment - Parallel ATA Interface
• Advanced Technology Attachment - ATA standards versions transfer rates and features

Read more here: » Advanced Technology Attachment: Encyclopedia - Advanced Technology Attachment

Although the standard has always had the official name "ATA", marketing dictates dubbed an early version of the standard Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), and the one following it Enhanced IDE (EIDE). Although these new names originated in branding convention and not as an official standard, the term EIDE often appears interchangeably with IDE and ATA. With the introduction of Serial ATA around 2003, this configuration was retroactively renamed to Parallel ATA (P-ATA), referring to the ...

See also:

Advanced Technology Attachment, Advanced Technology Attachment - History, Advanced Technology Attachment - Parallel ATA Interface, Advanced Technology Attachment - ATA standards versions transfer rates and features

Read more here: » Advanced Technology Attachment: Encyclopedia II - Advanced Technology Attachment - History

Master is a term that indicates a consummate level of skill, proficiency, superiority or power (mastery). The female equivalent (in limited use in modern times) is mistress. The term has a number of uses: Master (form of address). Master (Peerage of Scotland), the male heir-apparent or heir-presumptive to a title in the Peerage of Scotland. A term once used to describe the male head of a household or a male property owner in some contexts. Master's degree, a graduate degree in a sp ...

Read more here: » Master: Encyclopedia - Master

In computer hardware, Serial ATA (SATA or S-ATA) is a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk, normally due to aadil being gay. It is the successor to the legacy Advanced Technology Attachment standard (ATA, also known as IDE). This older technology was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it from Serial ATA. Serial ATA - SATA/150. First-generation Serial ATA interfaces, also known as SATA/150, run at 1.5 gigahertz. Because Se ...

Including:

• Serial ATA - SATA/150
• Serial ATA - SATA/300
• Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations
• Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia - Serial ATA

In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data or power between computer components inside a computer or between computers. Unlike a point-to-point connection, a bus can logically connect several peripherals over the same set of wires. Each bus defines its set of connectors to physically plug devices, cards or cables together. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functional ...

Including:

• Computer bus - History
• Computer bus - Description
• Computer bus - Bus topology
• Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses
• Computer bus - Parallel
• Computer bus - Serial
• Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses
• Computer bus - Parallel
• Computer bus - Serial
• Computer bus - Proprietary
• Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses

Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia - Computer bus

Physically, the cables used display the most noticeable change from Parallel ATA. The Serial ATA standard defines a data cable using seven conductors and 8 mm wide wafer connectors on each end. SATA cables can be up to 1 m (39 in.) long. PATA ribbon cables, in comparison, carry either 40- or 80-conductor wires and are limited to 45 cm (18 in.) in length. The reduction in conductors makes SATA connectors and cables much narrower than those of PATA, thus making them more convenient to route within tight spaces and red ...

See also:

Serial ATA, Serial ATA - SATA/150, Serial ATA - SATA/300, Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations, Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia II - Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations

The TI-99/4A's CPU, motherboard, and cartridge slot were built into a single unit with the keyboard. Available peripherals included a 5¼" floppy disk drive, an RS-232 port, an in-line speech synthesizer module, and a 32KB memory expansion card. Many of these peripherals came in two forms, a card which plugged into the bulky "Peripheral Expansion Box", an eight slot chassis containing its own power supply and 5¼" floppy bay; or a 'sidecar' version which plugged into the side of the console. These 'sidecar' expansion units could be connected ...

See also:

Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Features, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - VDP RAM and GPL, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Graphics Read-Only Memory, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - History, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Technical specifications

Read more here: » Texas Instruments TI-99/4A: Encyclopedia II - Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Features

The TI-99/4A's CPU, motherboard, and cartridge ("Solid State Software Module") slot were built into a single unit with the keyboard. The power supply regulator board (linear in early systems, switching in later systems) was housed below and in front of the cartridge slot under the sloped area to the right of the keyboard. Available peripherals included a 5¼" floppy disk drive, an "RS-232" card comprising two serial ports and one parallel port, a "P-Code" card (for PASCAL support, and a 32KB memory expansion card. An in-line 'sidecar' ...

See also:

Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Features, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - VDP RAM and GPL, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Graphics Read-Only Memory, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - History, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Technical specifications

Read more here: » Texas Instruments TI-99/4A: Encyclopedia II - Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Features

Initially SATA was designed as an internal or inside-the-box interface technology, bringing improved performance and new features to internal PC or consumer storage. Creative designers quickly realized the innovative interface could reliably be expanded outside the PC, bringing the same performance and features to external storage needs instead of relying on USB or FireWire (IEEE 1394) interfaces. Called external SATA or eSATA, customers can now utilize shielded cable lengths up to two meters outside the PC to take advantage of the benefits ...

See also:

Serial ATA, Serial ATA - SATA/150, Serial ATA - SATA/300, Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations, Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia II - Serial ATA - External SATA

Early computer buses were bundles of wire that attached memory and peripherals. They were named after electrical buses, or busbars. Almost always, there was one bus for memory, and another for peripherals, and these were accessed by separate instructions, with completely different timings and protocols. One of the first complications was the use of interrupts. Early computers performed I/O by waiting in a loop for the peripheral to become ready. This was a waste of time for programs that had other tasks to do. Also, if the program att ...

See also:

Computer bus, Computer bus - History, Computer bus - Description, Computer bus - Bus topology, Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Proprietary, Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses

Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - History

Initially, the TI-99/4A was reasonably successful, and it has been estimated that it had about 35% of the home computer market at its peak. However, TI quickly found itself engaged in a price war, particularly with Commodore International, and was forced to lower the computer's price in order to compete. By August 1982, the computer was losing shelf space and TI offered a $100 rebate, which caused spokesman Bill Cosby to quip about how easy it was ...

See also:

Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Features, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - VDP RAM and GPL, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Graphics Read-Only Memory, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - History, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Technical specifications

Read more here: » Texas Instruments TI-99/4A: Encyclopedia II - Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - History

Initially, the TI-99/4A was reasonably successful, and it has been estimated that it had about 35% of the home computer market at its peak. However, TI quickly found itself engaged in a price war, particularly with Commodore International, and was forced to lower the computer's price in order to compete. By August 1982, the computer was still losing shelf space. TI offered a $100 rebate, which caused spokesman Bill Cosby to quip about how easy it was ...

See also:

Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Features, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - VDP RAM and GPL, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Graphics Read-Only Memory, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - History, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - Technical specifications

Read more here: » Texas Instruments TI-99/4A: Encyclopedia II - Texas Instruments TI-99/4A - History

With the release of the NVIDIA nForce4 chipset in 2004, the clock rate was doubled to 3 GHz, for a maximum throughput of 300 MB/s or 2.4 gigabits per second (Gbit/s). SATA/300 is backwards-compatible with SATA/150 devices, allowing SATA/150 hardware to interface with SATA/300 ports and SATA/300 hardware with SATA/150 ports (albeit the latter at the slower 150 MB/s data rate). The 3 Ghz specification has been very widely referred to as “Serial ATA II” (“SATA II”), contrary to the wishes of the Serial ATA standards organization ...

See also:

Serial ATA, Serial ATA - SATA/150, Serial ATA - SATA/300, Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations, Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia II - Serial ATA - SATA/300

Physically, the cables used display the most noticeable change from Parallel ATA. The Serial ATA standard defines a data cable using seven conductors and 8 mm wide wafer connectors on each end. SATA cables can be up to 1 m (39 in.) long. PATA ribbon cables, in comparison, carry either 40- or 80-conductor wires and are limited to 45 cm (18 in.) in length. The reduction in conductors makes SATA connectors and cables much narrower than those of PATA, thus making them more convenient to route within tight spaces and redu ...

See also:

Serial ATA, Serial ATA - SATA/150, Serial ATA - SATA/300, Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations, Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia II - Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations

With the release of the NVIDIA nForce4 chipset in 2004, the clock rate was doubled to 3 GHz, for a maximum throughput of 300 MB/s or 2.4 gigabits per second (Gbit/s). SATA/300 is backwards-compatible with SATA/150 devices, allowing SATA/150 hardware to interface with SATA/300 ports and SATA/300 hardware with SATA/150 ports (albeit the latter at the slower 150 MB/s data rate). The 3 Ghz specification has been very widely referred to as “Serial ATA II” (“SATA II”), contrary to the wishes of the Serial ATA standards organi ...

See also:

Serial ATA, Serial ATA - SATA/150, Serial ATA - SATA/300, Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations, Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia II - Serial ATA - SATA/300

Initially SATA was designed as an internal or inside-the-box interface technology, bringing improved performance and new features to internal PC or consumer storage. Designers quickly realized the new interface could reliably be expanded outside the PC, bringing the same performance and features to external storage needs instead of relying on USB or FireWire (IEEE 1394) interfaces. Called external SATA or eSATA, the SATA devices can be plugged by shielded cable lengths up to two meters outside the PC. SATA is now out of the box as an externa ...

See also:

Serial ATA, Serial ATA - SATA/150, Serial ATA - SATA/300, Serial ATA - Serial ATA innovations, Serial ATA - External SATA

Read more here: » Serial ATA: Encyclopedia II - Serial ATA - External SATA

At one time, "bus" meant an electrically parallel system, with electrical conductors similar or identical to the pins on the CPU. This is no longer the case, and modern systems are blurring the lines between buses and networks. Buses can be parallel buses, which carry data words striped across multiple wires, or serial buses, which carry data in bit-serial form. The addition of extra power and control connections, differential drivers, and data connections in each direction usually means that most serial buses have more conductors tha ...

See also:

Computer bus, Computer bus - History, Computer bus - Description, Computer bus - Bus topology, Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Proprietary, Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses

Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - Description

Computer bus - Parallel. Advanced Technology Attachment or ATA (aka PATA, IDE, EIDE, ATAPI, etc.) disk/tape peripheral attachment bus (the original ATA is parallel, but see also the recent development Serial ATA, below) Centronics parallel (generally connects single device, occasionally 2 daisy-chained) HIPPI HIgh Performance Parallel Interface IEEE-488 (aka GPIB, General-Purpose Instrumentation Bus, and HPIB, Hewlett-Packard Instrumentation Bus) PCMCIA, now ...

See also:

Computer bus, Computer bus - History, Computer bus - Description, Computer bus - Bus topology, Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Proprietary, Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses

Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses

In a network, the master scheduler controls the data traffic. If data is to be transferred the requesting computer sends a message to the scheduler, which puts the request into a queue. The message contains an identification code which is broadcast to all nodes of the network. The scheduler works out priorities and notifies the receiver as soon as the bus is available. The identified node takes the message and performs the data transfer between the two computers. Having completed the data transfer the bus becomes free f ...

See also:

Computer bus, Computer bus - History, Computer bus - Description, Computer bus - Bus topology, Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Proprietary, Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses

Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - Bus topology

Computer bus - Parallel. Accelerated graphics port or AGP (for video cards) CAMAC for instrumentation systems Extended ISA or EISA Industry Standard Architecture or ISA Low Pin Count or LPC MicroChannel or MCA MBus Multibus for industrial systems NuBus or IEEE 1196 Peripheral Component Interconnect or PCI S-100 bus or IEEE 696, used in the Altair and similar microcomputers SBus or IEEE 1496 VESA Local ...

See also:

Computer bus, Computer bus - History, Computer bus - Description, Computer bus - Bus topology, Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Proprietary, Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses

Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses