Adoptionism

Adoptionism is a view held by some early medieval Christians, that Jesus was born a human only, and was not divine until his baptism, at which point he was adopted as the Son by God the Father. It is one of two main forms of monarchianism; the other is modalism. Adoptionism held that Christ as God is indeed the Son of God by generation and by nature, but Christ as man is Son of God only by adoption and grace, dispensed from the moment of his baptism. This position was one in a long series of Christian disagreements about ...

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Adoptionism - External link

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Adoptianism Adoptionism, or adoptianism, is a doctrine of Christianity that claims Christ was the son of God in nature, and only adopted the form of humanity. As the theological doctrine of the Logos which bulks so largely in the writings of the apologists of the 2nd century came to the front, the trinitarian problem became acute. The necessity of a constant protest against polytheism led to a tenacious insistence on the divine unity, and the task was to reconcile this unity with the deity of Christ. Some thinkers fell back on the "modalis ...

Adoptionism: A Christian Theological Dictionary on Adoptionism

A Christian theological definition of Adoptionism according to CARM - The Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry:

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Adoptionism

Adoptionism is an error concerning Jesus that first appeared in the second century. Those who held it denied the preexistence of Christ and, therefore, His deity. Adoptionists taught that Jesus was tested by God and after passing this test and upon His baptism, He was granted supernatural powers by God and adopted as the Son. As a reward for His great accomplishments and perfect character Jesus was raised from the dead and adopted into the Godhead. Please see Heresies for more information.
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Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Binitarianism

Binitarianism is a theology of two in one God, as opposed to one (unitarianism) or three (trinitarianism). Classically, it is understood as strict monotheism — that is, that God is an absolutely single being; and yet there is a "twoness" in God. At times, this monotheism drifted toward a "twoness" of God: that is, two Beings in one "God family" that is in agreement with itself, composed of the Father and the Son. These two strains of a theology of two, and one God developed alongside one ano ...

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Binitarianism - Binitarianism Throughout History

Binitarianism - Conclusion

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Virgin Birth

The Virgin Birth is a key doctrine of the Christian faith, and is also held to be true by Muslims (Qur'an 3.47), however, they do not call him (Jesus) "Son of God", rather "Servant of God". In the Qur'an, Jesus (Isa in Arabic) is consistently termed "Isa ibn Maryam" - a matronymic - because, in Muslim belief, he had no biological father. The doctrine asserts that Jesus was conceived in the womb of his mother, the Virgin Mary, without the participation of a human father. Instead, the Miraculous Conception (not the ...

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Virgin Birth - Use in modern storytelling

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Monarchianism

Monarchianism, or Monarchism as it is sometimes called, is a set of beliefs that emphasize God as being one, that God is the single and only ruler. This emphasis conflicted with the doctrine of the Trinity, of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Models of resolving the tension between the two principles in favour of God's oneness were proposed in the 2nd century, but rejected as heretical by the Church. Monarchianism in-and-of itself is not a complete theory of the relation of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, bu ...

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Urgell

Urgell is one of the historical Catalan counties, bordering on the counties of Pallars and Cerdagne. Its maximal extension territory was between the Pyrenees and the taifa of Lleida, that is, the current comarques of Alt Urgell, Noguera, Solsonès, Pla d'Urgell, Urgell itself, and the still independent country of Andorra. The historical capital was first La Seu d'Urgell and later Balaguer. The diocese was an old one, and traditions of the early Christian church lingered; Felix of Urgel's tendencies towards the heretical positio ...

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Urgell - Reference

Read more here: » Urgell: Encyclopedia - Urgell

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Paul of Samosata

Paul of Samosata, patriarch of Antioch (260-269), Paul of Samosata - Life. Paul was born at Samosata into a family of humble origin. He was elected bishop of Antioch in 260 but aroused controversy with his Monarchianist teachings. In 269, seventy bishops, priests and deacons assembled at Antioch and deposed Paul as bishop and elected Domnus as his successor. They also wrote a encyclical letter to Dionysius and Maximus, bishops of Rome and Alexandria respectively. This letter is the only indisputably ...

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Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Trinity

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations Chris ...

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Trinity - Scripture and tradition

Trinity - Ontology of the Trinity

Trinity - Dissent from the doctrine

Read more here: » Trinity: Encyclopedia - Trinity

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Heresy

Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a "theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the catholic or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. By extension, [heresy is an] opinion or doctrine in philosophy, politics, science, art, etc., at variance with those generally accepted as authoritative." Heresy - Etymology. The word "heresy" comes from ...

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Heresy - Contemporary heresy

Read more here: » Heresy: Encyclopedia - Heresy

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Cathar

Catharism was a religious movement with Gnostic elements that originated around the middle of the 10th century, branded by the contemporary Roman Catholic Church as heretical. It existed throughout much of Western Europe, but its home was in Languedoc and surrounding areas in southern France. The name Cathar most likely originated from Greek καθαροί, "pure ones". One of the first recorded uses is Eckbert von Schönau, who wrote on heretics from Colog ...

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Read more here: » Cathar: Encyclopedia - Cathar

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - William M. Branham

William Marrion Branham (April 6, 1909, Kentucky - 1965) was an influential Bible minister sometimes credited with founding the Latter Rain Movement within American Pentecostal churches, elements of which are present in most modern Pentecostal and Charismatic churches (although William Branham denied any specific connection with the movement). Many consider him a false prophet who taught heret ...

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Adoptionism: Encyclopedia - Cultural and historical background of Jesus

As historian E. P. Sanders has observed, of all the religions that existed within the Roman Empire, only two have widespread followings today: Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity, both of which have their origins in Roman-occupied Palestine, both of which claim to be based on the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, and the historical experience of the Jewish people. The story of the cultural and historical background of Jesus is the story of a tempestuous time when these two religions first emerged and diverged. According to the Gospels, Jesus ...

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Cultural and historical background of Jesus - First Temple Era

Cultural and historical background of Jesus - The Second Temple Era

Cultural and historical background of Jesus - Jesus in this context

Adoptionism: Encyclopedia II - Binitarianism - In scholarly views of early Christian theology

Larry W. Hurtado of University of Edinburgh uses the word binitarian to describe the position of early Christian devotion to God, which ascribes to the Son (Jesus) an exaltedness that in Judaism would be reserved for God alone, while still affirming as in Judaism that God is one, and is alone to be worshiped. He writes: ...there are a fairly consistent linkage and subordination of Jesus to God 'the Father' in these circles, evident even in the Christian texts from the latter decades of the first century that are commonly regard ...

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