admissible

The cut-elimination theorem is the central result establishing the significance of the sequent calculus. It was originally proved by Gerhard Gentzen in his landmark paper "Investigations in Logical Deduction" for the systems LJ and LK formalising intuitionistic and classical logic respectively. The cut-elimination theorem states that any judgement that possesses a proof in the sequent calculus that makes use of the cut rule also possesses a cut-free proof ...

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There are two common misconceptions concerning the hearsay rule. The first is that it is commonly thought of within the context of "who said what to whom,", i.e., repeating what somebody else said. However, it also applies to written documents and electronic records. Even written documents made under oath, such as an affidavit or notarized statement, are subject to the 'hearsay rule'. The second misconception is that hearsay is often thought of as a situation where the person testifying at trial repeats what somebody else said or wrot ...

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Hearsay, Hearsay - Application, Hearsay - Common misconceptions, Hearsay - Theories supporting the hearsay rule, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions and exclusions, Hearsay - Non-Hearsay, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions that apply even where the declarant is available, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions that apply only where the declarant is unavailable, Hearsay - Theories supporting hearsay exceptions

Read more here: » Hearsay: Encyclopedia II - Hearsay - Common misconceptions

An uninformative prior expresses vague or general information about a variable. The term "uninformative prior" is a misnomer; such a prior might be called a not very informative prior. Uninformative priors can express information such as "the variable is positive" or "the variable is less than some limit". Some authorities prefer the term objective prior. In parameter estimation problems, the use of an uninformative prior typically yields results which are not too different from conventional statistical analysis, as the likelihood function o ...

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Prior probability, Prior probability - Prior probability distribution, Prior probability - Informative priors, Prior probability - Uninformative priors, Prior probability - Improper priors

Read more here: » Prior probability: Encyclopedia II - Prior probability - Uninformative priors

An informative prior expresses specific, definite information about a variable. An example is a prior distribution for the temperature at noon tomorrow. A reasonable approach is to make the prior a normal distribution with expected value equal to today's noontime temperature, with variance equal to the day-to-day variance of atmospheric temperature. This example has a property in common with many priors, namely, that the posterior from one problem (today's temperature) becomes the prior for another problem (tomorrow's temperatu ...

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Prior probability, Prior probability - Prior probability distribution, Prior probability - Informative priors, Prior probability - Uninformative priors, Prior probability - Improper priors

Read more here: » Prior probability: Encyclopedia II - Prior probability - Informative priors

Generally in common law courts the "hearsay rule" applies, which says that a trier of fact (judge or jury) cannot be informed of a hearsay statement unless it meets certain strict requirements. However, the rules for admissibility are more relaxed in court systems based on the civil law system. In the civil law system, the courts, whether consisting only of judges or featuring a jury, have wide latitude to appreciate the evidence brought before them. [Note: Louisiana, a civilian jurisdiction, does not share the above referenced feature generally found in civilian jurisdictions. With few exceptions, Louisiana follows rules predicat ...

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Hearsay, Hearsay - Application, Hearsay - Common misconceptions, Hearsay - Theories supporting the hearsay rule, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions and exclusions, Hearsay - Non-Hearsay, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions that apply even where the declarant is available, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions that apply only where the declarant is unavailable, Hearsay - Theories supporting hearsay exceptions

Read more here: » Hearsay: Encyclopedia II - Hearsay - Application

Today the hearsay rule has developed into a complex set of evidentiary rules of admissibility that are used to prevent various types of statements and documents from being entered into evidence in various types of court proceedings, though they may be allowed in other types of hearings, such as alternative dispute resolution. Generally speaking hearsay is a concept that developed in the common law legal tradit ...

See also:

Hearsay, Hearsay - Application, Hearsay - Common misconceptions, Hearsay - Theories supporting the hearsay rule, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions and exclusions, Hearsay - Non-Hearsay, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions that apply even where the declarant is available, Hearsay - Hearsay exceptions that apply only where the declarant is unavailable, Hearsay - Theories supporting hearsay exceptions

Read more here: » Hearsay: Encyclopedia II - Hearsay - Theories supporting the hearsay rule

In Bayesian statistical inference, a prior probability distribution, often called simply the prior, of an uncertain quantity p (for example, suppose p is the proportion of voters who will vote for a politician in a future election, let's call him Smith) is the probability distribution that would express one's uncertainty about p before the "data" (for example, an opinion poll) are taken into account. It is meant to att ...

See also:

Prior probability, Prior probability - Prior probability distribution, Prior probability - Informative priors, Prior probability - Uninformative priors, Prior probability - Improper priors

Read more here: » Prior probability: Encyclopedia II - Prior probability - Prior probability distribution