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acromegaly | A Wisdom Archive on acromegaly | | acromegaly A selection of articles related to acromegaly | |
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acromegaly, Acromegaly, Acromegaly - Causes, Acromegaly - Pituitary gigantism in children, Acromegaly - Symptoms, Acromegaly - Treatment, Acromegaly - Drug therapy, Acromegaly - Other tumors, Acromegaly - Pituitary adenoma, Acromegaly - Radiation therapy, Acromegaly - Surgery
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO acromegaly | | | |  acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH moleculeThe genes for human growth hormone are localized in the q22-24 region of chromosome 17 and are closely related to human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS, also known as placental lactogen) genes. GH, human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), and prolactin (PRL) constitute a group of homologous hormones with growth-promoting and lactogenic activity.
Human growth hormone is a protein of 191 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 22,000 daltons. The structure includes four helices necessary for functional interaction with the GH rece ...
See also:Growth hormone, Growth hormone - Terminology, Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH molecule, Growth hormone - Secretion of GH, Growth hormone - Functions of GH, Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little, Growth hormone - Growth hormone excess: acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, Growth hormone - Growth hormone deficiencyGHD, Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications, Growth hormone - Risks of GH treatment, Growth hormone - History, Growth hormone - HGH quackery Read more here: » Growth hormone: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH molecule |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Functions of GH Effects of growth hormone on the tissues of the body can generally be described as anabolic (building up). Like most other protein hormones GH acts by interacting with a specific receptor on the surface of cells.
Height growth in childhood is the best known effect of GH action, and appears to be stimulated by at least two mechanisms. 1. GH directly stimulates division and multiplication of chondrocytes of cartilage. These are the primary cells in the growing ends (epiphyses) of children's long bones (arms, legs, digits). 2. GH also st ...
See also:Growth hormone, Growth hormone - Terminology, Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH molecule, Growth hormone - Secretion of GH, Growth hormone - Functions of GH, Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little, Growth hormone - Growth hormone excess: acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, Growth hormone - Growth hormone deficiencyGHD, Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications, Growth hormone - Risks of GH treatment, Growth hormone - History, Growth hormone - HGH quackery Read more here: » Growth hormone: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Functions of GH |
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| | | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Goliath Bible - Extra-Biblical evidence Archaeologists digging at the purported biblical home of Goliath have unearthed a shard of pottery bearing an inscription, written in Proto-Semitic letters, consisting of two names "alwt" and "wlt"), which are etymologically quite similar to the name Goliath, and most probably are semitizised versions of an Indo-European name (similar, for example to Lydian Aylattes). This find demonstrates that the biblical description of the figure Goliath (and in particular, his name), fits in with the cult ...
See also:Goliath Bible, Goliath Bible - Account in the Hebrew Bible, Goliath Bible - Textual conflicts, Goliath Bible - Extra-Biblical evidence, Goliath Bible - Islam, Goliath Bible - Medical speculation, Goliath Bible - Machiavelli, Goliath Bible - Idiomatic use, Goliath Bible - External link Read more here: » Goliath Bible: Encyclopedia II - Goliath Bible - Extra-Biblical evidence |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - André the Giant - Legacy To honor André the Giant, the WWF created the WWF Hall of Fame in 1993 and made him their first inductee.
André was the inspiration for the 1998 movie My Giant, written by his friend Billy Crystal, whom he had met during the filming of The Princess Bride.
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See also:André the Giant, André the Giant - Career, André the Giant - Legacy, André the Giant - Personal Life, André the Giant - Additional facts, André the Giant - Managers, André the Giant - Finishing and signature moves, André the Giant - Filmography, André the Giant - Championships and accomplishments, André the Giant - Video games Read more here: » André the Giant: Encyclopedia II - André the Giant - Legacy |
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| | | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Bovine somatotropin - Physiology Because of protein homology, bovine growth hormone (GH) cross-reacts with the receptors of prolactin and placental lactogen — two hormones that stimulate mammary tissue to produce more milk.
Somatotropin and somatropin both refer to growth hormone (GH), a protein hormone produced by the mammalian pituitary. The genes for GH, the amino acid sequence of the peptides, the receptor genes, and the receptor structures are recognizably homologous, though cross-species differences are significant enough to prevent most cross-spe ...
See also:Bovine somatotropin, Bovine somatotropin - Physiology, Bovine somatotropin - Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin rbST and rBGH, Bovine somatotropin - Politics, Bovine somatotropin - External references Read more here: » Bovine somatotropin: Encyclopedia II - Bovine somatotropin - Physiology |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little
Growth hormone - Growth hormone excess: acromegaly and pituitary gigantism.
The most common disease of GH excess is a pituitary tumor comprised of somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. These somatotroph adenomas are benign and grow slowly, gradually producing more and more GH. For years, the principal clinical problems are those of GH excess. Eventually the adenoma may become large enough to cause headaches, impair vision by pressure on the o ...
See also:Growth hormone, Growth hormone - Terminology, Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH molecule, Growth hormone - Secretion of GH, Growth hormone - Functions of GH, Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little, Growth hormone - Growth hormone excess: acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, Growth hormone - Growth hormone deficiencyGHD, Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications, Growth hormone - Risks of GH treatment, Growth hormone - History, Growth hormone - HGH quackery Read more here: » Growth hormone: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications Many other conditions besides GH deficiency cause poor growth, but growth benefits (height gains) are often poorer than when GH deficiency is treated. Examples of other causes of shortness often treated with growth hormone are Turner syndrome, chronic renal failure, Prader-Willi syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation, and severe idiopathic short stature. Higher ("pharmacologic") doses are required to produce significant acceleration of growth in these conditions, producing blood levels well above physiologic. Despite the higher doses, side effects during tre ...
See also:Growth hormone, Growth hormone - Terminology, Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH molecule, Growth hormone - Secretion of GH, Growth hormone - Functions of GH, Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little, Growth hormone - Growth hormone excess: acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, Growth hormone - Growth hormone deficiencyGHD, Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications, Growth hormone - Risks of GH treatment, Growth hormone - History, Growth hormone - HGH quackery Read more here: » Growth hormone: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis The underlying mechanism in all cases of osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Either bone resorption is excessive, or bone formation is diminished. Bone matrix is manufactured by the osteoblast cells, whereas bone resorption is accomplished by osteoclast cells. Trabecular bone is the sponge-like bone in the center of long bones and vertebrae. Cortical bone is the hard outer shell of bones. Because osteoblasts and osteoclasts inhabit the surface of bones, trabecular bone is more active, more subject to bone ...
See also:Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoporosis - Clinical picture, Osteoporosis - Risk factors, Osteoporosis - Diagnosis, Osteoporosis - Etiology, Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis, Osteoporosis - Epidemiology, Osteoporosis - Natural history, Osteoporosis - Treatment, Osteoporosis - Prognosis, Osteoporosis - Notes Read more here: » Osteoporosis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Natural history Today, most cases of osteoporosis are diagnosed before symptoms develop. This is due to widespread screening for osteoporosis using the DEXA scan. With treatment, bone mineral density increases, and fracture risk decreases.
In the absence of treatment, overt osteoporosis is heralded by a fracture. Some fractures, like vertebral compression fractures or sacral insufficiency fractures, may not be apparent at first, appearing to patient and physician as a very bad back ache or completely without symptoms. Hip ...
See also:Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoporosis - Clinical picture, Osteoporosis - Risk factors, Osteoporosis - Diagnosis, Osteoporosis - Etiology, Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis, Osteoporosis - Epidemiology, Osteoporosis - Natural history, Osteoporosis - Treatment, Osteoporosis - Prognosis, Osteoporosis - Notes Read more here: » Osteoporosis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Natural history |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Prognosis Patients with osteoporosis are at a high risk for additional fractures (the best predictor of fracture is a previous fracture). Treatment can improve fracture risk considerably.
Fractures can lead to decreased mobility and an additional risk of deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. Vertebral fractures can lead to severe chronic pain of neurogenic origin, which can be hard to control.
Although osteoporosis patients have an increased mortality rate due to the complications of fracture, most patients die with ...
See also:Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoporosis - Clinical picture, Osteoporosis - Risk factors, Osteoporosis - Diagnosis, Osteoporosis - Etiology, Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis, Osteoporosis - Epidemiology, Osteoporosis - Natural history, Osteoporosis - Treatment, Osteoporosis - Prognosis, Osteoporosis - Notes Read more here: » Osteoporosis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Prognosis |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Etiology Estrogen deficiency following menopause causes a rapid reduction in BMD. This, plus the increased risk of falling associated with aging, leads to fractures of the wrist, spine and hip. Other hormone deficiency states can lead to osteoporosis, such as testosterone deficiency. Glucocorticoid or thyroxine excess states also lead to osteoporosis. Lastly, calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency from malnutr ...
See also:Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoporosis - Clinical picture, Osteoporosis - Risk factors, Osteoporosis - Diagnosis, Osteoporosis - Etiology, Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis, Osteoporosis - Epidemiology, Osteoporosis - Natural history, Osteoporosis - Treatment, Osteoporosis - Prognosis, Osteoporosis - Notes Read more here: » Osteoporosis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Etiology |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Diagnosis Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, formerly DEXA) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Diagnosis is made when the bone mineral density is equal to or greater than 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young adult reference population. This is translated as a T-score. The World Health Organization has established diagnostic guidelines as T-score -1.0 or greater is "normal", T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is "low bone mass" (or "osteopenia") and -2.5 or below as osteoporosis. A low trauma or osteoporotic fracture, defined as one that occurs as a result of a fall from a standing height, is also diagnostic ...
See also:Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoporosis - Clinical picture, Osteoporosis - Risk factors, Osteoporosis - Diagnosis, Osteoporosis - Etiology, Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis, Osteoporosis - Epidemiology, Osteoporosis - Natural history, Osteoporosis - Treatment, Osteoporosis - Prognosis, Osteoporosis - Notes Read more here: » Osteoporosis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Diagnosis |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - History The identification, purification and later synthesis of growth hormone is associated with Choh Hao Li. The history of GH use, from extraction of GH from human pituitary glands to the limited catastrophe of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease to the expanded use and enormous costs of synthetic GH is outlined in the article on GH treatment.
As of 2005, synthetic growth hormones available in the United States (and their manufacturers) included Nutropin (Genentech), Humatrope (Lilly), Genotropin (Pfizer), Norditropin (Novo), and Saizen (Serono). Th ...
See also:Growth hormone, Growth hormone - Terminology, Growth hormone - Structure and gene of the human GH molecule, Growth hormone - Secretion of GH, Growth hormone - Functions of GH, Growth hormone - Clinical problems: too much and too little, Growth hormone - Growth hormone excess: acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, Growth hormone - Growth hormone deficiencyGHD, Growth hormone - Other GH uses and treatment indications, Growth hormone - Risks of GH treatment, Growth hormone - History, Growth hormone - HGH quackery Read more here: » Growth hormone: Encyclopedia II - Growth hormone - History |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms
Osteoporosis - Clinical picture.
Osteoporotic fractures are those that occur under slight amount of stresses that would not normally lead to fractures in nonosteoporotic people. Typical fractures occur in the vertebral column, hip and wrist. Collapse of vertebrae ("compression fracture") leads to chronic pain, characteristic bent stature, and decreased pulmonary function (ability to breathe) while the fractures of the long bones acutely impair mobility and may require surgery. Hip fracture, in particular, carries a poor prognosis.
While osteoporosis may occur in men, the problem i ...
See also:Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Osteoporosis - Clinical picture, Osteoporosis - Risk factors, Osteoporosis - Diagnosis, Osteoporosis - Etiology, Osteoporosis - Pathogenesis, Osteoporosis - Epidemiology, Osteoporosis - Natural history, Osteoporosis - Treatment, Osteoporosis - Prognosis, Osteoporosis - Notes Read more here: » Osteoporosis: Encyclopedia II - Osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms |
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| | | | | acromegaly: Encyclopedia II - André the Giant - Legacy To honor André the Giant, the WWF created the WWF Hall of Fame in 1993 and made him their first inductee.
André was the inspiration for the 1998 movie My Giant, written by his friend Billy Crystal, whom he had met during the filming of The Princess Bride.
...
See also:André the Giant, André the Giant - Career, André the Giant - Legacy, André the Giant - Personal Life, André the Giant - Additional facts, André the Giant - Managers, André the Giant - Finishing and signature moves, André the Giant - Filmography, André the Giant - Championships and accomplishments, André the Giant - Championship Succession, André the Giant - Video games Read more here: » André the Giant: Encyclopedia II - André the Giant - Legacy |
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