Achaemenid dynasty

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Including:

• Achaemenid dynasty - History
• Achaemenid dynasty - Decline
• Achaemenid dynasty - System of governing
• Achaemenid dynasty - Contributions
• Achaemenid dynasty - Art
• Achaemenid dynasty - Achaemenid rulers

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The founder of this dynasty was supposedly Achaemenes (Old Persian Haxāmaniš "Of Friendly Mind"). He was succeeded by his son Teispes (Cišpi), who first took the title King of Anšān after seizing that city from the Elamites. Inscriptions indicate that when Teispes died, two of his sons shared the throne as Cyrus I (Kūru), king of Anšān, and Ariaramnes (Ariyāramna "Having the Iranians at Peace"), king of Parsua (later called Pārsa "Persia", hence Fārsi, the native name for modern Per ...

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Achaemenid dynasty, Achaemenid dynasty - History, Achaemenid dynasty - Decline, Achaemenid dynasty - System of governing, Achaemenid dynasty - Contributions, Achaemenid dynasty - Art, Achaemenid dynasty - Achaemenid rulers

Read more here: » Achaemenid dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Achaemenid dynasty - History

The Faravahar's face resembles the face of human being and therefore, indicates its connection to mankind. There are two wings which have three main feathers. These main feathers indicate three symbols of 'good reflection,' 'good words,' and 'good deed,' which are at the same time the motive of flight and advancement. The lower part of the Faravahar consists of three parts, representing 'bad reflection,' 'bad words,' and 'bad deed' whic ...

See also:

Faravahar, Faravahar - Symbol description

Read more here: » Faravahar: Encyclopedia II - Faravahar - Symbol description

1. The impression shows Narseh (296-304 AD), elder son of Shapur I, being designated the King by the great goddess Anāhītā (modern Persian Nahid). 2. This carving is located at the lower portion of the tomb of Darius the Great and consists of two similar seats. The upper image shows Bahram II (277-293 AD) fighting the enemy. 3. Representing the conquest of Shapur I (242-271 AD) against Valerian the Roman Emperor. In this carving, Shapur I is sitting on a horse and Valerian kneeling by the horse. Ceriyadis (the challen ...

See also:

Naksh-i Rustam, Naksh-i Rustam - Darius the Great's Inscription at Næqš-e Rostæm, Naksh-i Rustam - Details of the carvings, Naksh-i Rustam - See Also

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Artaxerxes I was king of the Persian Empire from 474 BC to 424 BC. He belonged to the Achaemenid dynasty and was the successor of Xerxes I. His surname Longimanus is attributed to, according to Plutarch, "his right hand being longer than his left."[1] The name is mentioned in the Bible, Ezra and Nehemiah. He allowed the Jews to rebuild Jerusalem. He was followed on the throne by his son Xerxes II. There is some disagreement in historical writings with regard to the reigns of Xerxes and of Artaxerxes. Reference works place Artax ...

Including:

• Artaxerxes I of Persia - Links

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Artaxerxes was the name of several rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia: Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Arses of Persia is believed to have taken the royal title of "Artaxerxes IV". Bessus, the Persian nobleman who murdered Darius III of Persia, renamed himself Artaxerxes when he claimed the throne. Other related archivesAchaemenid dynasty, Arses of Persia, Artaxerxes I, Artaxerxes II, Artaxerxes III, Bessus, Darius III

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Atossa or Hutaosa (550 BC-475 BC) was a Queen consort of Persia. In Modern Persian, her name is اتوس She was the daughter of Cyrus the Great and a half-sister of Cambyses II. Cambyses insisted on marrying her, although there was no legal precedent for this in Persia; to avoid offending the king, Cambyses' advisors instead informed him that the laws allowed him to do whatever he wished. Atossa then married Smerdis, who overthrew Cambyses, and in 522 BC she married Darius I when Darius overthrew ...

Including:

• Atossa - External link

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Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) is a country in the Caucasus, at the crossroads of Europe and Southwest Asia, with a coast on the Caspian Sea. It has frontiers with Russia in the north, Georgia in the northwest, Armenia in the west and southeast and southwest, and Iran in the south. The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (an exclave of Azerbaijan) borders Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the northwest. The country’s formal name is the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azər ...

Including:

• Azerbaijan - Etymology
• Azerbaijan - History
• Azerbaijan - Politics
• Azerbaijan - Subdivisions
• Azerbaijan - Geography
• Azerbaijan - Economy
• Azerbaijan - Demographics
• Azerbaijan - Culture
• Azerbaijan - Miscellaneous topics

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Balochistan or Baluchistan is an arid region located in the Iranian Plateau in Southwest Asia, between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The area is named after the numerous Baluch (or Baloch, Balouch) tribes, an Iranian people, who moved into the area from the west around 1000 A.D. All natives are considered Balochi even if they do not speak the Baluchi language; Pashto, Persian, and Brahui languages are also spoken in the region. The southern part of Balochistan is known as Makran. Balochistan - Landscape. Including:

• Balochistan - Landscape
• Balochistan - History
• Balochistan - Accession problem of 1948
• Balochistan - Prince Abdul Karim Khan
• Balochistan - Beginning of the movement and political allies
• Balochistan - Plan of action
• Balochistan - Armed struggle
• Balochistan - Soviets and Afghans
• Balochistan - Prince Karim's legitimacy outlawed
• Balochistan - The return of Karim
• Balochistan - His capture
• Balochistan - Trial
• Balochistan - Second Baloch National Resistance of 1968
• Balochistan - Balochistan Rebellion During the 70s
• Balochistan - Revival of Struggle for Provincial Rights
• Balochistan - Military Cantonments Issue
• Balochistan - Old Grievances
• Balochistan - Solutions
• Balochistan - Recent Development Projects

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Mitra or Mithra or Mithras is an important deity of Persian and Indic culture; he appears in the Vedas as one of the Adityas, a solar deity and the god of honesty, friendship, contracts and meetings. In Persian civilization, where his name was rendered as Mithra, he later came into increased prominence as a major deity of Zoroastrianism. He can be identified with a proto-Indo-Persian deity whose name can be reconstructed as *Mitra. Mithraism began as an aspect of the religion of the old Vedic (Hindu) p ...

Including:

• Mitra - Etymology and Origins
• Mitra - Mitra in the Vedas
• Mitra - Mithra in the Persian World
• Mitra - Temples to Mithra in Greater Ancient Persia
• Mitra - Mithra in the Greco/Roman world
• Mitra - External link

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 4th century BC - Overview. 4th century BC - Events. Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome 383 BCE Second Buddhist Councel at Vesali. 100 years after the Parimirvana. 312 BCE Seleucus I Nicator established himself in Babylon. Begins the Seleucid Empire. 323 BCE Alexander the Great conqueres the Persian ...

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• 4th century BC - Overview
• 4th century BC - Events
• 4th century BC - Significant persons
• 4th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 4th century BC - Decades and years

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United States:    913,000 Turkey:    821,000 Iraq:    343,000 United Arab Emirates:    188,000 Pakistan:    146,000 Canada:    128,000 Saudi Arabia:    122,000 Germany:    110,000 Kuwait:    107,000 Afghan ...

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• Persian people - Origins and roots
• Persian people - Related sub-groups
• Persian people - Persian language
• Persian people - Persian Arts
• Persian people - Persian Painting and Depiction Artistry
• Persian people - Persian Music
• Persian people - Persian Architecture
• Persian people - Persian rugs
• Persian people - Persian Gardens
• Persian people - Persian Women
• Persian people - Culture

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Aryan is an English word derived from the Indo-Aryan Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms ari-, arya-, ārya-, and/or the extended form aryāna-. The Old Persian ariya- is a cognate as well. Beyond its use as the ethnic self-designation of the Proto-Indo-Iranians, the meaning "noble" has been attached to it in Sanskrit. During the 19th century, following Max Müller's 'Aryan invasion theory', the term gained an added meaning, being used in the West to refer to what are now called the 'Prot ...

Including:

• Aryan - Etymology and History of the Term
• Aryan - Proto-Indo-European
• Aryan - Indo-Iranian
• Aryan - Indo-Aryan
• Aryan - Iranian
• Aryan - Racist connotations

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Gandhāra (also Ghandara, Ghandahra, Chandahara, and Persian Gandara) is the name of an ancient kingdom in eastern Afghanistan and north-west province of Pakistan. Gandhara was located mainly on southern side of Kabul River. In the east, it extended beyond Indus River and included within its boundaries parts of the valley of Kashmir (Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 151). Gandhara - Geography. The Gandharas were settled since the Vedic times on the south bank of Kabul ...

Including:

• Gandhara - Geography
• Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara
• Gandhara - Persian rule
• Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas
• Gandhara - Gandhara under Greek rule
• Gandhara - Language
• Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism
• Gandhara - Gandharan art
• Gandhara - Timeline
• Gandhara - External link

Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia - Gandhara

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان, islāmī jamhūriya i pākistān), or Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان, pākistān) is a country located in South Asia that overlaps onto the Greater Middle East and Central Asia. The country borders Iran (Persia), Afghanistan, China, India and the Arabian Sea. The name of the country "Pakistan" in Urdu and Persian means Land of the Pure. With around 163 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country with the secon ...

Including:

• Pakistan - History
• Pakistan - Ancient History
• Pakistan - Arrival of Islam
• Pakistan - Pre-colonial History
• Pakistan - British rule
• Pakistan - Independence and After
• Pakistan - Politics
• Pakistan - Domestic Politics
• Pakistan - Foreign Relations
• Pakistan - Political History
• Pakistan - Geography
• Pakistan - Economy
• Pakistan - Overview
• Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects
• Pakistan - Tourism
• Pakistan - Demographics
• Pakistan - Population Statistics
• Pakistan - Religion
• Pakistan - Languages
• Pakistan - Ethnic Groups
• Pakistan - Subdivisions
• Pakistan - Society and Culture
• Pakistan - Roots
• Pakistan - Film Television & Music
• Pakistan - Globalization
• Pakistan - Sports
• Pakistan - Mercantile Culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia - Pakistan

Cambyses II (Persian Kambujiya (کمبوجیه), d. 521 BC) was the son of Cyrus the Great. When Cyrus conquered Babylon in 539 BC he was employed in leading religious ceremonies (Chronicle of Nabonidus), and in the cylinder which contains Cyrus's proclamation to the Babylonians his name is joined to that of his father in the prayers to Marduk. On a tablet dated from the first year of Cyrus, Cambyses is called king of Babel. But his authority seems to have been quite ephemeral; it was only in 530 BC, when Cyrus set out o ...

Including:

• Cambyses II of Persia - The traditions of Cambyses
• Cambyses II of Persia - Darius' recount
• Cambyses II of Persia - Conquest of Egypt
• Cambyses II of Persia - Attempts to conquer south and west of Egypt
• Cambyses II of Persia - The death of Cambyses
• Cambyses II of Persia - The Lost Army Of Cambyses

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Artaxerxes II Memnon (c. 436 - 358 BC) was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He defended his position against his brother Cyrus the Younger, who was defeated and killed at the Battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC, and against a revolt of the provincial governors, the satraps (366 - 358). He also became involved in a war with Persia's erstwhile allies, the Spartans, who, under Agesilaus, invaded Asia Minor. To keep the Spartans busy, Artaxerxes subsidized their enemies in Greece - the Athenians, Thebans, and Corinthians, especially - t ...

Including:

• Artaxerxes II of Persia - Building Projects

Read more here: » Artaxerxes II of Persia: Encyclopedia - Artaxerxes II of Persia

Bubastis is the Greek name of the Ancient Egyptian city of Per-Bast, located along the River Nile in the Delta region of Lower Egypt. It was a center of worship for the feline goddess Bast (also called Bastet (emphasising the feminine ending t), or even Bubastis (after the city)), and it served as the capital of the nome of Am-Khent, the 18th nome of Lower Egypt. It became a royal residence after Shoshenq I, the first ruler of the 22nd dynasty, was made pharaoh in 952 BC. Bubastis was a ...

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The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia). The Parthian empire was the most enduring of the empires of the ancient Near East. After the Parni nomads had settled in Parthia and had built a small independent kingdom, they rose to power under king Mithradates the Great ...

Including:

• Parthian Empire - Origins
• Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire
• Parthian Empire - Government
• Parthian Empire - Contact with China
• Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome
• Parthian Empire - Expansion to India
• Parthian Empire - Decline and fall
• Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers
• Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia

Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia - Parthian Empire

Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC 600s BC - Events and trends. Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC - King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt, who is on his way north to aid the rump Assyrian state of Ashur-uballit II. 609 BC - The Babylonians defeat the Assyrian army of Ashu ...

Including:

• 600s BC - Events and trends
• 600s BC - Significant people

Read more here: » 600s BC: Encyclopedia - 600s BC