Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Pure water-free acetic acid is a colourless hygroscopic liquid (that is, it readily absorbs water) that freezes below 16.7 °C (62 °F) to a colourless crystalline solid. Acetic acid is corrosive, and its vapour is irritating to eyes and nose, although it is a weak acid based ...

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• Acetic acid - Nomenclature
• Acetic acid - History
• Acetic acid - Chemical properties
• Acetic acid - Biochemistry
• Acetic acid - Production
• Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation
• Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation
• Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation
• Acetic acid - Fermentation
• Acetic acid - Applications
• Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer
• Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride
• Acetic acid - Ester production
• Acetic acid - Vinegar
• Acetic acid - Use as solvent
• Acetic acid - Other applications
• Acetic acid - Safety

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The trivial name acetic acid is the most commonly used and officially preferred name by the IUPAC. This name derives from acetum, the Latin word for vinegar. The synonym ethanoic acid is a systematic name that is sometimes used in introductions to chemical nomenclature. Glacial acetic acid is a trivial name for water-free acetic acid. Similar to the German name Eisessig (literally, ice-vinegar), the name comes from the ice-like crystals that form sligh ...

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Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - Nomenclature

Acetic acid is produced both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. Today, the biological route accounts for only about 10% of world production, but it remains important for vinegar production, as in much of the world food purity laws stipulate that vinegar used in foods must be of biological origin. About 75% of acetic acid made for use in the chemical industry is made by methanol carbonylation, explained below. Alternative methods account for the rest.^{See also:}

Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - Production

Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and must therefore be handled with appropriate care, since it can cause skin burns, permanent eye damage, and irritation to the mucous membranes. These burns or blisters may not appear until several hours after exposure. Latex gloves offer no protection, so specially resistant gloves, such as those made of nitrile rubber, should be worn when handling the compound. Concentrated acetic acid can be ignited with some difficulty in the laboratory. It becomes a flammable risk if the ambient temperature exceeds 39 °C (102 °F), and can form explosive mixtures with air above this tempe ...

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Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - Safety

Acetic acid is a chemical reagent for the production of many chemical compounds. The largest single use of acetic acid is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by acetic anhydride and ester production. The volume of acetic acid used in vinegar is comparatively small. Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer. The major use of acetic acid is for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). This application consumes approximately 40% to 45% of the world's production of acetic acid. The rea ...

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Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - Applications

The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. However, the concentration of free acetic acid in cells is kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the pH of the cell contents. Unlike some longer-chain carboxylic acids (the fatty acids), acetic acid does not occur in natural triglycerides. However, the artificial triglyceride triacetin (glycerin triacetate) is a common food additive, and ...

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Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - Biochemistry

Vinegar is as old as civilization itself, perhaps older. Acetic acid-producing bacteria are present throughout the world, and any culture practicing the brewing of beer or wine inevitably discovered vinegar as the natural result of these alcoholic beverages being exposed to air. The use of acetic acid in chemistry extends into antiquity. In the 3rd century BC, the Greek philosopher Theophrastos described how vinegar acted on metals to produce pigments useful in art, including white lead (lead carbonate) and verdigris, a ...

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Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - History

The hydrogen (H) atom in the carboxyl group (−COOH) in carboxylic acids such as acetic acid can be given off as an H+ ion (proton), giving them their acidic character. Acetic acid is a weak, effectively monoprotic acid in aqueous solution, with a pKa value of 4.8. A 1.0 M solution (about the concentration of domestic vinegar) has a pH of 2.4, indicating that merely 0.4% of the ...

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Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

Read more here: » Acetic acid: Encyclopedia II - Acetic acid - Chemical properties