Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist. He is mostly noted today for his proposal of a hierarchy of human needs. Abraham Maslow - Biography. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Maslow was the first of seven children of Jewish immigrants from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in the City College of New York. However, after three semesters, he transferred to Cornell then back to CCNY.Af ...

Including:

• Abraham Maslow - Biography
• Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs
• Abraham Maslow - Bibliography
• Abraham Maslow - Internal links
• Abraham Maslow - External links
• Abraham Maslow - Books

Read more here: » Abraham Maslow: Encyclopedia - Abraham Maslow

See also:

Abraham Maslow, Abraham Maslow - Biography, Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs, Abraham Maslow - Bibliography, Abraham Maslow - Internal links, Abraham Maslow - Books

Read more here: » Abraham Maslow: Encyclopedia II - Abraham Maslow - Biography

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Maslow was the first of seven children of Jewish immigrants from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in the City College of New York. However, after three semesters he transferred to Cornell, then back to CCNY. After he married, he moved to Wisconsin to attend the University of Wisconsin from which he received his B.A. (1930), his M.A. (1931), and his Ph.D. (1934) in psychology. While in Wisconsin, Maslow studied with Harr ...

See also:

Abraham Maslow, Abraham Maslow - Biography, Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs, Abraham Maslow - Bibliography, Abraham Maslow - External links, Abraham Maslow - Books

Read more here: » Abraham Maslow: Encyclopedia II - Abraham Maslow - Biography

Spiritual Psychology is based on an understanding of humans being multi-layered entities with a mind, body and Soul. How do we awaken the Soul Aspect of our being and how come we could meditate on a mountaintop for eons without significantly touching our underlying emotional traumas? Likewise, how come we could do psychoanalyze ourselves for a lifetime without moving a step closer to enlightenment. How do we reconcile this uneasy alliance between our emotional and spiritual selves?

Read more here: » Spiritual Psychology: Spiritual Psychology and Samskara Shuddi

Maslow's primary contribution to psychology is his Hierarchy of Human Needs, which he often presented as a pyramid, with self-actualization at the top as the highest of those needs (or conflicts or tensions) in ones life. The base of the pyramid is the physiological needs, which are necessary for survival. Once these are taken care of (resolved), an individual can concentrate on the second layer, the need for safety and security. The third layer is the need for love and belonging, followed by the need for esteem. Finally, self-actualization forms the apex of the pyramid. The idea of the pyramid came to his ...

See also:

Abraham Maslow, Abraham Maslow - Biography, Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs, Abraham Maslow - Bibliography, Abraham Maslow - Internal links, Abraham Maslow - Books

Read more here: » Abraham Maslow: Encyclopedia II - Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs

Maslow's primary contribution to psychology is his Hierarchy of Human Needs, which he often presented as a pyramid, with self-actualization at the top as the highest of those needs (or conflicts or tensions) in ones life. The base of the pyramid is the physiological needs, which are necessary for survival. Once these are taken care of (resolved), an individual can concentrate on the second layer, the need for safety and security. The third layer is the need for love and belonging, followed by the need for esteem. Finally, self-actualization forms the apex of the pyramid. The idea of the pyramid came to his ...

See also:

Abraham Maslow, Abraham Maslow - Biography, Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs, Abraham Maslow - Bibliography, Abraham Maslow - External links, Abraham Maslow - Books

Read more here: » Abraham Maslow: Encyclopedia II - Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs

Often what you call success is judged by others as failure. This was G D Birla's philosophical reply to reporters who asked him to comment on his success in building one of the largest business houses in the country.

When you look back and attempt to analyse what you really achieved in life and whether you could call yourself successful, you will find that you are unable to define "success". That's because with every new stage in life, your perception of success changes.

(See also: Life and Death, Life and Beyond, Death and Dying, Body Mind and Soul)

Philosophers have long held that happiness is the ultimate goal of existence. Aristotle called it the "summum bonum" - the "chief good" - in that while we desire other goods such as money or power because we believe that they will make us happy, we want happiness for its own sake. So do material goods really lead you to happiness?

According to brain scientists, there is actually a specific area in the brain that sets expectations of material gain, and as material goals are achieved, it resets expectation levels. This means that you could be unhappy despite being wealthy, if your expectations were higher, and happy in penury if you exceeded expectations.

(See also: Essence of Affirmations, Affirmations, Practising Affirmations, Life Transforming Affirmations, Essence of Affirmations, Faith and Belief, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Body Mind and Soul)

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology that Abraham Maslow proposed in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation, which he subsequently extended. His theory contends that as humans meet 'basic needs', they seek to satisfy successively 'higher needs' that occupy a set hierarchy. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people, writing that "the study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology an ...

Including:

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Deficiency needs
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Being needs
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Counterpositions

Read more here: » Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Encyclopedia - Maslow's hierarchy of needs

In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks define it as an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Motivation is often based on emotions, specifically, on the search for positive emotional experiences and the avoidance of negative ones, where positi ...

Including:

• Motivation - Types of motivation
• Motivation - Physiological needs
• Motivation - Other biological motivations
• Motivation - Secondary goals
• Motivation - Coercion
• Motivation - Self control
• Motivation - Controlling motivation
• Motivation - Early programming
• Motivation - Organization
• Motivation - Drugs
• Motivation - In Education
• Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?
• Motivation - Reference

Read more here: » Motivation: Encyclopedia - Motivation

Integral organizations: Integral Institute Cal. Inst. of Integral Studies Integral University Clare W. Graves (December 21, 1914-January 3, 1986) was a professor of psychology and originator of the Level Theory of Personality. He was born in New Richmond, Indiana. Clare W. Graves - Education. Graves graduated from Union College in New York in 1940 and received his master's degree and a Ph.D in psychology from Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.< ...

Including:

• Clare W. Graves - Education
• Clare W. Graves - Development of theories
• Clare W. Graves - Influence
• Clare W. Graves - Assessments
• Clare W. Graves - Typology vs. evolutionary stages
• Clare W. Graves - Potential for Graves' insights
• Clare W. Graves - Bibliography

Read more here: » Clare W. Graves: Encyclopedia - Clare W. Graves

The term Transpersonal is often used to refer to psychological categories that transcend the normal features of ordinary ego-functioning. That is, stages of psychological growth, or stages of consciousness, that move beyond the rational and precedes the mystical. The term is highly associated with the work of Abraham Maslow and his understanding of "peak experiences", and was first adapted by the human potential movement in the 1960's. Among the psychologial sciences that have studied transpersonal phenomena we find the schools of Tra ...

Read more here: » Transpersonal: Encyclopedia - Transpersonal

The concept of Needs is often used to refer to things that people "must" have. They are often contrasted with wants, which are more discretionary. The most widely known academic model of needs was proposed by Abraham Maslow. In it, he proposed that people have a hierarchy of needs, which range from security to self actualization. However, while this model is intuitively appealing, it has not been supported by evidence. It was further developed by Clayton Alderfer. The academic study of needs was at its zenith in the 1950's, but receives scant attention today. One exception is Richard S ...

Read more here: » Need: Encyclopedia - Need

The 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness is a heuristic model of consciousness proposed by Timothy Leary. Perhaps somehow reminiscing Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, Leary believed the mind is best viewed as a collection of 8 "circuits", also called "gears" or "mini-brains". Each stage represents a higher stage of evolution than the one before it. The first four, which Leary presumed to reside in the left lobe of the cerebrum, are concerned with the survival of organisms on earth; the other four, which Leary suggested are found in the right lobe, are for use in the fu ...

Including:

• 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness - Blibliography

Read more here: » 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness: Encyclopedia - 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness

Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist, who, along with Abraham Maslow, was the founder of the humanist approach to psychology. He was also instrumental in the development of non-directive psychotherapy, which he initially termed Client-Centered Therapy. He later renamed it as the Person-Centered Approach (PCA) to reflect that his theories were meant to apply to all interactions between people, not just to those between therapist and client. Today PCA is also called pe ...

Including:

• Carl Rogers - Biography
• Carl Rogers - Contributions to psychology
• Carl Rogers - Quotes

Read more here: » Carl Rogers: Encyclopedia - Carl Rogers

Feelings are most generally INFORMATION that biological beings are capable of sensing in the situations they are in, exposed to or depending on. For example fear is information that there is risk, threat or direct danger to the own being or related concerns. This information is not necessarily resulting in the same reaction among receivers but varies depending on competence to handle the situation, depending on how it relates to past experiences and other factors. see http://www.feelingdictionary.com Harvard professor Abraham Maslow pointed ...

Including:

• Feeling - Translations

Read more here: » Feeling: Encyclopedia - Feeling

Adlerian is an umbrella term that encompasses a diversity of approaches to psychology and psychotherapy generally related to the ideas of Alfred Adler. Adlerian - Main Branches. Adlerian - Classical Adlerian. See the main article Classical Adlerian psychology Classical Adlerian psychology is based on Adler's original teachings and style of psychotherapy. It features a twelve-stage depth psychotherapy model that targets the dissolving of the style of li ...

Including:

• Adlerian - Main Branches
• Adlerian - Classical Adlerian
• Adlerian - Dreikursian
• Adlerian - Neo-Adlerian
• Adlerian - Psychoanalytic-Adlerian

Read more here: » Adlerian: Encyclopedia - Adlerian

The Human Potential Movement came out of the social and intellectual milieu of the 1960s and was formed to promote the cultivation of extraordinary potential believed to be largely untapped in most people. The movement is premised on the belief that through the development of human potential, humans can experience an exceptional quality of life filled with happiness, creativity, and fulfillment. A corollary belief is often that those who begin to unleash this potential will find their actions within society to be directed towards help ...

Including:

• Human Potential Movement - Roots
• Human Potential Movement - Relationship to other fields
• Human Potential Movement - Esalen
• Human Potential Movement - Criticism
• Human Potential Movement - Notable figures

Read more here: » Human Potential Movement: Encyclopedia - Human Potential Movement

The Fellowship of Reason is a moral community based in Atlanta. Its founder, Martin L. Cowen III, calls himself a "non-theist", and says that although he does not believe in God or other things supernatural, he nonetheless thinks that churches serve a useful function by providing "moral communities." Wishing to have a moral community that is not theistic (although not officially opposed to theism) he founded that organization. Fell ...

Including:

• Fellowship of Reason - Six essential activities of the organization
• Fellowship of Reason - Links

Read more here: » Fellowship of Reason: Encyclopedia - Fellowship of Reason

Esalen Institute is a center for humanistic education, a nonprofit organization devoted to multidisciplinary studies ordinarily neglected by traditional academia. Now in its fifth decade, Esalen offers more than 500 public workshops a year in addition to invitational conferences, residential work-study programs, research initiatives, and internships. Part think-tank for the emerging world culture, part college and lab for transformative practices, and part restorative retreat, Esalen is dedicated to exploring work in the humanities and sciences tha ...

Including:

• Esalen Institute - Past Teachers at Esalen Institute

Read more here: » Esalen Institute: Encyclopedia - Esalen Institute