Encyclopedia - Abraham Ibn Ezra: Encyclopedia - Abraham Ibn Ezra
Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra (also known as Ibn Ezra, or Abenezra) (1092 or 1093-1167), was one of the most distinguished Jewish men o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ibn Ezra: Encyclopedia Ii - Abraham Ibn Ezra - His Works
At several of the above-named places ibn Ezra remained for some time and developed a rich literary activity. In his native land he had al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moses Ibn Ezra: Encyclopedia Ii - Moses Ibn Ezra - His Poetry
Ibn Ezra is considered by many Jews as being a masterful Hebrew poet. Ibn Ezra's secular poems are contained in two works: in the "Tarshi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Solomon Ibn Gabirol: Encyclopedia Ii - Solomon Ibn Gabirol - Effect Upon His Successors
Moses ibn Ezra is the first to mention Gabirol as a philosopher. He speaks of Gabirol's character and attainments in terms of highest pra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Origins Of Chess: Encyclopedia Ii - Origins Of Chess - Other Theories
Many of the early works on chess gave a legendary history of the invention of chess, often associating it with Nard (a game of the tables...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - History Of The Concept Of Creation
The history of creationism is tied to the history of religions. Creationism in the West primarily had some of its earliest roots in Judai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - The Sacrifices
Abraham ibn Ezra, in his commentary to Leviticus, considered the olah sacrifice as the atonement of the heart for sinful thoughts. The th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Middle Ages And Renaissance
Lyric poetry - Hebrew poets. Yehuda Alharizi Menachem Ben Saruk Dunash Ben Labrat Yehuda Halevi Shmuel Hanagid Solomon Ibn Gabirol Abr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1167: Encyclopedia - 1167
1167 - Events. Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan Pet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tefillin: Encyclopedia - Tefillin
Tefillin (Hebrew: תפלין), also called phylacteries, are leather objects containing Biblical verses which are used in rabbinic Jewish...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain - End Of The Golden Age
With the death of Al-Hakam II Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman in 976, the Caliphate began to dissolve, and the position of the Jews became more precari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - The Merinds And The Saadites
After the Almohads, the Merinds ruled in Morocco until they were overthrown by the Saadites in the 15th century. During the murderous sce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Documentary Hypothesis - History Of The Hypothesis
Documentary hypothesis - Traditional Jewish and Christian beliefs. The traditional Jewish view is that God revealed his will to Moses a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Criticism Of Creationism
Creationism - Scientific critique of creationism. All forms of Creationism incorporate some theological content, but they have varied c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - Demons In The Hebrew Bible
Demons as described in the Tanakh are not the same as "demons" commonly known in popular or Christian culture. The demons mentioned in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Youth
As a youth Ha-Levi lived a life of pleasure. He mixed pleasure with learning. It is possible that Judah's father, Samuel "the Castilian,"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Deuteronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Deuteronomy - Analysis Of Authorship
Deuteronomy - Early Jewish analysis. Several Talmud rabbis were the first to notice problems concerning the supposed premise that Moses...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Views In The Modern Era
Strictures against astrology appear in the official Torah commentary of Conservative Judaism and on the official website of Reform Judais...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - The Symbolic Values Of Numbers
The number three was the symbol of holiness. The Holy of Holies occupied one-third, and the Holy Place two-thirds, of the entire Temple. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophy
One of the major trends in modern Jewish philosophy was the attempt to develop a theory of Judaism through existentialism. One of the pri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibn Tibbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibn Tibbon - Judah Ben Saul Ibn Tibbon
Translator; born at Granada, Spain, 1120; died after 1190. He left Spain in 1150, probably on account of anti-Semitic persecution by the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In England: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In England - Early History
History of the Jews in England - William I to Henry I: 1066–1135. There is no evidence of Jews residing in England before the Norman ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Siddur: Encyclopedia Ii - Siddur - Popular Siddurim
Below are listed many popular siddurim used by religious Jews. Siddur - Ashkenazi Orthodox. Siddur Ha-Shalem (a.k.a. the Birnbaum Sidd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbinic Literature - Later Works By Historical Period
Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim. The Geonim are the rabbis of Sura and Pumbeditha, in Babylon (650 - 1250) : She'iltoth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia Ii - 613 Mitzvot - Other Views
The Talmudic source is not without dissent. Apart from Rabbi Simlai, to whom the number 613 is attributed, other classical sages who hold...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Avicebron, Solomon Ibn Gabirol
The Jewish poet-philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol is also known as Avicebron. He died about 1070 CE. He was influenced by Plato. His classi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - The Holy Of Holies
The two cherubim icons on the Ark of the Covenant were the only images in the Temple. The Ark of the Covenant was set in the Holy of Holi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbinic Literature - Later Works By Category
Rabbinic literature - Jewish law. Halakha is the Jewish way of life. Notable works in this category include: The major codes of Jewish...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - Festivals And Holy Days
The Torah delineates three pilgrimage festivals, Passover, Shavuot (The Feats of Weeks) and Sukkot (Tabernacles). Each of these was tied ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - Colors
The Israelites used an indigo colored dye called tekhelet; this dye was made from snail murex trunculus. This dye was very important in b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - Metals And Minerals
Gold was the symbol of the divine or celestial light, the glory of God (Zech. vi. 11; Dan. xi. 21). Silver was the emblem of moral innoce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - The Priests
The Hebrew for priest is Kohen; the Kohanim (plural) mediated between God and man by offering sacrifices, and by other services in the Te...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Position In The History Of Thought
The scholastics preserved the continuity of philosophical thought. Without the activity of these Arabic-Jewish philosophers, the culture ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Avicebron Solomon Ibn Gabirol
The Jewish poet-philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol is also known as Avicebron. He died about 1070 CE. He was influenced by Plato. His classi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Philo Of Alexandria
Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE - 40 CE) was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. Philo included in his philosophy both...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Early Jewish Philosophy
Early Jewish philosophy was heavily influenced by the philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic philosophy. Many early medieval Jewish p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Approaches
As with any fusion of religion and philosophy, the attempt is difficult because classical philosophers start with no preconditions for w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Saadia Gaon
Saadia Gaon (892-942) is considered one of the greatest of the early Jewish philosophers. His Emunoth ve-Deoth was originally called Kita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Bahya Ibn Paquda's Duties Of The Heart
Bahya ibn Paquda lived in Spain in the first half of the eleventh century. He was the author of the first Jewish system of ethics, writte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Maimonides
Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (1135 - 1204), רבי משה בן מיימון, known commonly by his Greek name Maimonides, was a Jewish rabbi, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - The Rise Of Aristotelian Thought
Judah ha-Levi could not bar the progress of Aristotelianism among the Arabic-writing Jews. As among the Arabs, Ibn Sina and Ibn Roshd lea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Yehuda Halevi And The Kuzari
The Jewish poet-philosopher Yehuda Halevi (twelfth century) in his polemical work Kuzari made strenuous arguments against philosophy. He ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - Symbolic Visions Of The Prophets
Jeremiah beheld an almond-tree as a token of the speedy fulfillment of the word of God. Amos saw a basket of summer fruit as a symbol of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - On Tombstones
Some common themes appear on many Jewish tombstones. Two hands with outspread fingers indicated that the dead man was descended from prie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Religious Poetry
After living a life devoted to worldly pleasures, ha-Levi was to experience a kind of "awakening"; a shock, that changed his outlook on t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Love Songs
Joyous, careless youth, and merry, happy delight in life find their expression in his love-songs. Many of these are epithalamia; and are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Secular Poetry
The first place in his secular or non-liturgical poetry is occupied by poems of friendship and eulogy. Judah must have possessed an attra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism
Next to God, the Jewish people stands nearest to his heart: their sufferings and hopes are his. Like the authors of the Psalms, he gladly...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Analysis Of His Poetry
The remarkable, and apparently in-dissoluble, union of religion, nationalism, and patriotism, which were so characteristic of post-exilic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam And Judaism - Historical
Jews have often lived in predominantly Islamic nations. Since many national borders have changed over the fourteen centuries of Islamic h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - As A Philosopher
The position of Judah ha-Levi in the domain of Jewish philosophy is parallel to that occupied in Islam by Ghazali, by whom he was influen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal Poetry
The poems of Judah ha-Levi, which have been adopted into the liturgy, number (in all) more than 300. The longest, and most comprehensive ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Journey To The Holy Land
Judah ha-Levi does not seem to have been contented in Toledo; for he re-moved to the Muslim city of Córdoba. Even here, he did not feel ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam And Judaism - Early Relationship
Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam (considered founder by non-Muslims) preached that the pagan Arabs should abandon polytheism, and acc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - In The Bible
Astrology is not specifically mentioned in the Torah, the five books of Moses. There are two commandments which have been used by some au...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - Influence On Christian Symbols
The influence of Judaism upon Christian symbolism as early as the 2nd and 3rd centuries C.E., is apparent both in painting and in sculptu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibn Tibbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibn Tibbon - Moses Ibn Tibbon
Physician and author; born in Marseille; flourished between 1240 and 1283; son of Samuel ibn Tibbon and father of the Judah ibn Tibbon wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Rabbinic Rejection Of Astrology
In early classical rabbinic works written in the land of Israel (Jerusalem Talmud and Palestinian midrash compilations) astrologers are k...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Rabbinic Acceptance Of Astrology
However, other statements in the Talmud and in the midrash literature show that many Jews had some level of admiration for astrology. Som...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
In Derekh Hashem Section II, chapter 7, Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto discusses the influence of stars on humanity and events on earth. Ther...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - In The Medieval Era
Many rabbis in the Geonic era (after the close of the Talmud, early medieval period) discussed the varying Talmudic and midrashic views o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Symbolism - The Star Of David
Over time the Star of David became identified with the Jews, and has long since been used as a symbol of Judaism, as a religion, and of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibn Tibbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibn Tibbon - Samuel Ben Judah Ibn Tibbon
Main article: Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon. Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon (1150-1230, Marseille), more commonly known as Samuel ibn Tibbon, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Jewish Rabbinic Literature
Rabbinical demonology has three classes of, demons, though they are scarcely separable one from another. There were the shedim, the mazzi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - Etymology
The idea of demons is as old as religion itself, and the word "demon" seems to have ancient origins. The Merriam-Webster dictionary gives...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Documentary Hypothesis - Opponents Of The Hypothesis
Fundamentalist Jews and Christians reject the documentary hypothesis entirely and accept the traditional view that the whole Torah is ess...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In The New Testament And Christianity
"Demon" has a number of meanings, all related to the idea of a spirit that inhabited a place, or that accompanied a person. Whether such ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Christian Myth And Legend
Building upon the few references to daemons in the New Testament, especially the visionary poetry of the Apocalypse of John, Christian wr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Hinduism
There are three kinds of anthromorphic beings, the devas (demigods), the manushyas (human beings) and the asuras (demons). The asuras liv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Islam
Islam recognized the existence of all the pagan demons, good and evil, protesting only against their being considered gods. Islam divides...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Pre-islamic Arab Culture
Pre-Islamic mythology does not discriminate between gods and demons. The jinn are considered as divinities of inferior rank, having many ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia Ii - 613 Mitzvot - Works Enumerating The Commandments
In practice there is no one definitive list that explicates the 613 laws. The differences come about because in some places the Torah lis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Documentary Hypothesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Documentary Hypothesis - The Hypothesis
Documentary hypothesis - Background to the hypothesis. The main areas considered by these critics when supporting the Documentary Hypot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Christian God As Absolute Origin
Nearly all denominations of Christianity assert that God is the origin, the first cause. The Roman Catholic Church holds as an unchangeab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Jewish Creationism
See main article Judaism and evolution. Judaism has a continuum of views about creation, the origin of life and the role of evolution in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Political Context
In the secular sense, "creationism" refers to a political doctrine which asserts the validity and superiority of a particular religiously...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Prevalence Of Creationism
Creationism - United States. According to a 2001 Gallup poll on the origins of humans, they estimate that 72% of Americans believe in s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Overview
The term creationism is most often used to describe the belief that creation occurred literally as described in the book of Genesis or th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - Demons In Ancient Persia
During the time of Zarathustra the same word (Div) received the notion of demon in the Iranian tradition. In Zoroastrianism and the Avest...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - Creationism - Creationism And Naturalism
Creationists believe that a divine power created life, sometimes believing that every "kind" of living thing was separately "created", wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - Demons In Other Cultures And Religions
Demons are found in many religions, and many cultures have developed a rich mythology of demons. The study of demons is called demonology...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - Demons In Hellenistic Neopaganism
In modern Hellenistic Neopaganism (particularly in self-described Hellenistic sects in the United States), a demon can be a variety of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Siddur: Encyclopedia Ii - Siddur - History Of The Siddur
The earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the "Shema Yisrael" (Hear O Israel) (Deuteronomy 6:4 et seq) and the set of 19 blessings called t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - Arab Conquest And The Idrisids 703-1146
It was the Berber Jewess Dahiyah, or Damia, known as Kahinah, who aroused her people in the Aures, the eastern spurs of the Atlas, to a l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - Under The Romans
When the Jews began to spread over the Roman empire after the dissolution of the Jewish state in 70, many of them doubtless settled in Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - Under Al-raschid And Ismail
The Jews suffered much during the great conquests of Al-Raschid (Moulay Rschid), who united the separate parts of Morocco into one single...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - In The Eighteenth Century
The condition of the Jewish community was unchanged under Mohammed III (1757-89), who distinguished himself by his attempt to introduce E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Deuteronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Deuteronomy - Summary Of The Book
Deuteronomy consists chiefly of three discourses said to have been delivered by Moses a short time before his death, given to the Israeli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - Modern Times
In 1948, approximately 265,000 Jews lived in Morocco. Between 5,000 and 8,000 live there now, mostly in Casablanca, but also in Fez and o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Morocco - In The Nineteenth Century
The 19th century, which brought emancipation to the Jews of most lands, left those of Morocco on the whole in their old state of sad mono...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In England: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In England - Modern Times
History of the Jews in England - Through the First World War. From the 1880s through the early part of the 20th century, massive pogrom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In England: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In England - Resettlement Period 1655-1800s
History of the Jews in England - Hidden Jews in England. Main article: History of the Marranos in England Toward the middle of the se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Games
The earliest connection of the word with games is that the British call a form of solitaire "Demon", from at least the nineteenth century...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Science
Scientists occasionally invent hypothetical entities with special abilities as part of a thought experiment. These "demons" have abilitie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demon: Encyclopedia Ii - Demon - In Art Literature And Television
Many classic books and plays feature demons, such as the Divine Comedy, Paradise Lost and Faust. Anton Rubinstein's lushly chromatic oper...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain - The Nature Of The Golden Age
Though Moorish Spain was clearly a key center of Jewish life during the early Middle Ages, producing important scholars and one of the mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain - Birth Of The Golden Age
The Christian Visigoths of Spain persecuted the Jews severely, so naturally the Jews welcomed the Muslim conquerors in the 8th century. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In England: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In England - The Expulsion 1290
After the experience in Jewish legislation which Edward I had from 1269 onward, there was only one answer he could give as a true son of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia Ii - 613 Mitzvot - Significance Of 613
The Talmud (tractate Makkoth 23b) calculates that the numerical value (gematria) of the Hebrew word "Torah" is 611. The Torah states that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbinic Literature - Meforshim
Meforshim is a Hebrew word meaning "(classical rabbinical) commentators" (or roughly meaning "exegetes"), and is used as a substitute for...   » Read the article