Abnormality is a subjectively defined characteristic, assigned to those with rare or dysfunctional conditions. Defining who is normal or abnormal is a contentious issue in abnormal psychology. There are several conventional criteria . One simple criterion is statistical infrequency. This has an obvious flaw — the extremely intelligent, honest, or happy are just as abnormal as their opposites. Therefore, abnormal behaviour is considered ...

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Abnormal psychology in clinical psychology studies the nature of psychopathology, its causes, and its treatments. Of course the definition of what constitutes 'abnormal' has varied across time and across cultures. Individuals also vary in what they regard as normal or abnormal behavior. Abnormal psychology - Nosology. Abnormal psychology - DSM-IV TR. In North America the 'bible' of abnormal psychology and psychiatry is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the America ...

Including:

Abnormal psychology - Nosology
Abnormal psychology - DSM-IV TR Abnormal psychology - ICD-10

Read more here: » Abnormal psychology: Encyclopedia - Abnormal psychology

Dream Interpretation Abnormal

When you dream of something abnormal which can be described as a sci-fi film, where we see very strange things happening and not existing animals, it means that very soon you are going to find a useful solution to your present problems.

Source: Dream-Land, http://www.dream-land.info

(See also: Dream Archives, Meaning of Dreams, Dream Interpretation, Dream Dictionary, Dream Dictionary - Abnormal, Meaning of Dreams about Abnormal, Dream Interpretation Abnormal)

For more dictionary entries, see » Abnormal Dictionary

It is unclear whether this genus should be classified in the lower or higher epidendroids. Xerorchis has 8 pollinia, hence similar to the more advanced epidendroid genera of Epidendreae and Arethuseae. Yet its morphology, with unthickened stems and persistent leaves, is that of a bambusoid grass and makes it more similar to Tropidieae or Triphoreae. ...

See also:

Xerorchis, Xerorchis - Habitat, Xerorchis - Abnormality, Xerorchis - Species

Read more here: » Xerorchis: Encyclopedia II - Xerorchis - Abnormality

Many forms of severe stress and trauma, stroke, heart attack, and surgery can temporarily increase glucose levels. Glycemia can also be increased by certain drugs such as antidepressants, corticosteroids, diuretics, estrogens, lithium, phenotiazine, phenytoin and salicilates; or decreased by others, such as acetaminophen, alcohol, steroids, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, etc. However, the disease most directly associated to chronic increase of glycemia is diabetes mellitus, due to a decrease in the secretion of insulin, excess of its breakdown or decreased capacity of cells to transport i ...

See also:

Glycemia, Glycemia - Physiological regulation, Glycemia - Measurement, Glycemia - Abnormal values

Read more here: » Glycemia: Encyclopedia II - Glycemia - Abnormal values

In biology and medicine, virilization refers to the development of changes which make a male body different from a female body. Most of the changes of virilization are produced by androgens. Virilization is most commonly used in three medical contexts: prenatal sexual differentiation, the postnatal changes of normal male puberty, and excessive androgen effects in girls or women. Virilization - Prenatal virilization. In the prenatal period, virilization refers to closure of the perineum, thinning and rugatio ...

Including:

Virilization - Prenatal virilization Virilization - Normal virilization Virilization - Abnormal childhood virilization Virilization - Abnormal virilization in adolescent or adult women

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In human anatomy, the vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. It houses the spinal cord in its spinal canal. Vertebral column - Curves. Viewed laterally the vertebral column presents several curves, which correspond to the different regions of the column, and are called cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic. The cervical curve, convex forward, begins at the apex of the odontoid (tooth-like) process, and ends at the mid ...

Including:

Vertebral column - Curves Vertebral column - Surfaces
Vertebral column - Anterior surface Vertebral column - Posterior surface Vertebral column - Lateral surfaces
Vertebral column - Vertebral canal Vertebral column - Abnormalities Vertebral column - Links

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Cytogenetics is the study of the structure of chromosome material. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Cytogenetics - History. Cytogenetics - Early years. Barbara McClintock began her career as a maize cytogeneticist. In 1931 McClintock and Harriet Creighton demonstrated that cytological recombinat ...

Including:

Cytogenetics - History
Cytogenetics - Early years Cytogenetics - Progress in numerical abnormalities Cytogenetics - Advent of banding techniques Cytogenetics - Beginnings of molecular cytogenetics
Cytogenetics - Uses Cytogenetics - Techniques
Cytogenetics - Routine analysis Cytogenetics - Fluorescent in situ hybridization
Cytogenetics - Future of cytogenetics

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A barium enema, also called a lower gastrointestinal series, is a medical procedure used to examine and dignose problems with the human large intestines. An X-ray examination of the large intestines, pictures are taken after rectal instillation of barium sulfate. Barium enema - How the test is performed. This test may be done in an office or a hospital radiology department. The patient lies on the X-ray table and a preliminary X-ray is taken. The patient is then asked to lie on the side while a well ...

Including:

Barium enema - How the test is performed Barium enema - Preparation Barium enema - Why the test is performed
Barium enema - Normal Values Barium enema - What abnormal results mean
Barium enema - What the risks are Barium enema - Special considerations Barium enema - External link

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Teeth—singular tooth—are hard structures found in the jaws of many vertebrates. They have various structures to allow them to fulfill their many different purposes. The primary function of teeth is to tear and chew food and in some animals, particularly carnivores, as a weapon. The roots of the teeth are covered by gums. Teeth are covered by a protective structure, called the enamel, that helps to prevent cavities on the teeth. Adult teeth naturally darken as the person matures, the pulp within the tooth shrinks and dentin ...

Including:

Tooth - Human teeth Tooth - Tooth decay
Tooth - Plaque Tooth - Caries Cavities Tooth - Foods
Tooth - Tooth care Tooth - Dentures and false teeth Tooth - Abnormalities of the dentition Tooth - Development of teeth Tooth - Facts about teeth in non-human animals

Read more here: » Tooth: Encyclopedia - Tooth

Hallucinations (perceived sensory experience with the lack of an external source) or distortions of reality may occur in delirium. Commonly these are visual distortions, and can take the form of masses of small crawling creatures (particularly common in delirium tremens, caused by severe alcohol withdrawal) or distortions in size or intensity of the surrounding environment. Strange beliefs may also be held during a delirious state, but these are not considered delusions in the clinical sense as they are considered too short lived. Int ...

See also:

Delirium, Delirium - Impairment of consciousness, Delirium - Confusion and disorientation, Delirium - Cognitive impairments, Delirium - Abnormalities of awareness and affect, Delirium - Duration, Delirium - Accounts of delirium

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Definition and meaning of abnormal:

abnormal - not normal; contrary to the usual structure, position, behavior or rule

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

For more dictionary entries, see » Abnormal Dictionary

The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and other animals (the other is the Y chromosome). It is a part of the XY sex-determination system. X chromosome - Function. The sex chromosomes are one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. The X chromosome spans more than 153 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents about 5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Females have two X chromosomes, while mal ...

Including:

X chromosome - Function X chromosome - Role in disease
X chromosome - Numerical abnormalities X chromosome - Other conditions

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Blindness can be defined physiologically as the condition of lacking visual perception. The definition as it applies to people thus legally classified is, however, more complex. "Blindness" also applies to partial visual impairment: In North America and most of Europe, legal blindness is defined as visual acuity (vision) of 20/200 (6/60) or less in the better eye with best correction possible. This means that a legally blind individual would have to stand 20 feet from an object to see it with the same degree of cl ...

Including:

Blindness - Causes of blindness
Blindness - Diseases Blindness - Abnormalities and injuries Blindness - Genetic defects
Blindness - Adaptive techniques Blindness - Tools
Blindness - Mobility Blindness - Reading and magnification Blindness - Computers Blindness - Other aids
Blindness - Social attitudes towards blindness

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Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a cardiac condition which consists of a lack of coordination of the contraction of the muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart that eventually leads to the heart stopping altogether. Ventricular fibrillation - Introduction. Ventricular fibrillation is considered a medical emergency. If the arrhythmia continues for more than a few seconds, blood circulation will cease, as evidenced by lack of pulse, blood pressure and respiration, and death wil ...

Including:

Ventricular fibrillation - Introduction Ventricular fibrillation - Historical aspects Ventricular fibrillation - Mechanisms of ventricular fibrillation Ventricular fibrillation - Detailed description Ventricular fibrillation - Prevalence Ventricular fibrillation - Treatment
Ventricular fibrillation - Re-entry Ventricular fibrillation - Abnormal automaticity Ventricular fibrillation - Triggered activity
Ventricular fibrillation - Characteristics of the ventricular fibrillation waveform
Ventricular fibrillation - Power spectrum Ventricular fibrillation - Frequency characteristics of ventricular fibrillation

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ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q00-Q07 nervous system. (Q00) Anencephaly and similar malformations (Q000) Anencephaly Acephaly (Q001) Craniorachischisis (Q002) Iniencephaly (Q01) Encephalocele (Q02) Microcephaly (Q03) Congenital hydrocephalus (Q04) Other congenital malformations of brain (Q040) Congenital malformations of corp ...

See also:

ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q00-Q89 - Congenital malformations and deformations, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q00-Q07 nervous system, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q10-Q18 eye ear face and neck, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q20-Q28 circulatory system, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q30-Q34 respiratory system, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q35-Q45 digestive system, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q50-Q56 genital organs, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q60-Q64 urinary system, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q65-Q79 musculoskeletal system, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q80-Q89 Other, ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q90-Q99 - Chromosomal abnormalities not elsewhere classified

Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Q00-Q89 - Congenital malformations and deformations

Occasionally the coalescence of the laminae is not completed, and consequently a cleft is left in the arches of the vertebrae, through which a protrusion of the spinal membranes (dura mater and arachnoid), and generally of the spinal cord (medulla spinalis) itself, takes place, constituting the malformation known as spina bifida. This condition is most common in the lumbosacral region, but it may occur in the thoracic or cervical region, or the arches throughout th ...

See also:

Vertebral column, Vertebral column - Curves, Vertebral column - Surfaces, Vertebral column - Anterior surface, Vertebral column - Posterior surface, Vertebral column - Lateral surfaces, Vertebral column - Vertebral canal, Vertebral column - Abnormalities, Vertebral column - Links

Read more here: » Vertebral column: Encyclopedia II - Vertebral column - Abnormalities

ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R79 On examination of blood without diagnosis. (R70) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and abnormality of plasma viscosity (R700) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R701) Abnormal plasma viscosity (R71) Abnormality of red blood cells (R72) Abnormality of white blood cells, not elsewhere classified (R73) Elevated blood glucose level (R730) Abnormal ...

See also:

ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R69 - Symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R09 Circulatory and respiratory systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R10-R19 Digestive system and abdomen, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R20-R23 Skin and subcutaneous tissue, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R25-R29 Nervous and musculoskeletal systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R30-R39 Urinary system, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R40-R46 Cognition perception emotional state and behaviour, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R47-R49 Speech and voice, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R50-R69 General symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R99 - Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R79 On examination of blood without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R80-R82 On examination of urine without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R83-R89 On examination of other body fluids substances and tissues without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R90-R94 On diagnostic imaging and in function studies without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R95-R99 - Ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R99 - Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified

ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R09 Circulatory and respiratory systems. (R00) Abnormalities of heart beat (R000) Tachycardia, unspecified (R001) Bradycardia, unspecified (R002) Palpitations (R008) Other and unspecified abnormalities of heart beat (R01) Cardiac murmurs and other cardiac sounds (R010) Benign and innocent cardiac murmurs (R011) Cardiac murmur, unspecified (R ...

See also:

ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R69 - Symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R09 Circulatory and respiratory systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R10-R19 Digestive system and abdomen, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R20-R23 Skin and subcutaneous tissue, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R25-R29 Nervous and musculoskeletal systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R30-R39 Urinary system, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R40-R46 Cognition perception emotional state and behaviour, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R47-R49 Speech and voice, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R50-R69 General symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R99 - Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R79 On examination of blood without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R80-R82 On examination of urine without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R83-R89 On examination of other body fluids substances and tissues without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R90-R94 On diagnostic imaging and in function studies without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R95-R99 - Ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R69 - Symptoms and signs