abiogenic

The hypothesis of abiogenic petroleum origin (synonyms: abiotic, abyssal, endogenous, inorganic, juvenile, mineral, primordial) holds that petroleum is formed by non-biological processes deep in the earth's crust and mantle. It contradicts the more widely-held view that petroleum is a fossil fuel produced from the remains of ancient living organisms. The constituent precursors of petroleum (mainly methane) are commonplace and it is possible that appropriate conditions exist for hydrocarbons to be formed deep within the earth ...

Including:

Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia - Abiogenic petroleum origin

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Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory

Definition and meaning of abiogenic:

abiogenic - refers to things not involved with or produced by living organisms

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

There are two theories about the origin of carbon fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. These theories have been intensely debated since the 1860s, shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum deposits. The following sections highlight the main differences between the two theories. Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material. Biogenic: remnants of buried plant and animal life. Abiogenic: deep carb ...

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Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories

- Ongoing research has changed the status of some information. For example, the evidence of some biomarkers which were interpreted as supporting the biogenic theory has been undermined by finding similar materials in thermophilic bacteria which are part of abiogenic theories. Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils. Chemicals of biological origin have been found in many geologic hydrocarbon deposits. These biomarkers were believed to be from known surface sources. Due to the difficulty in c ...

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Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results

Many aspects of the abiogenic theory were developed in the former Soviet Union by Russian and Ukrainian scientists during the Cold War. Some proponents see a pro-Western bias in the promotion of the biogenic theory. Thus, in addition to the scientific merits of competing hypothoses, political and economic considerations often influence discussions of petroleum origins. The topic of the origin of petroleum is also linked to discussions of projected declines in petroleum production, variously referred to as "peak oil" or "Hubbert's peak ...

See also:

Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics

Many aspects of the abiogenic theory were developed in the former Soviet Union by Russian and Ukrainian scientists during the Cold War. Some proponents see a pro-Western bias in the promotion of the biogenic theory. Thus, in addition to the scientific merits of competing hypothoses, political and economic considerations often influence discussions of petroleum origins. The topic of the origin of petroleum is also linked to discussions of projected declines in petroleum production, variously referred to as "peak oil" or "Hubbert's peak ...

See also:

Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin, peak oil, and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin, peak oil, and politics

Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. A widely believed myth is that the oil itself is flammable; however, it is actually the gas that evaporates from the oil that is flammable. Petroleum exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust. Another name is naphtha, from Persian naft or nafátá (to flow). It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, l ...

Including:

Petroleum - Origin
Petroleum - Biogenic theory Petroleum - Abiogenic theory
Petroleum - Composition Petroleum - Extraction
Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil
Petroleum - History Petroleum - Environmental effects Petroleum - Future of oil Petroleum - Classification Petroleum - Pricing Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry Petroleum - Films about petroleum Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia - Petroleum

An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH), or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds. After the simplest possible aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene, such a configuration of six carbon atoms is known as a benzene ring. Aromatic hydrocarbon - Models of benzene ring electron configurations. Each carbon ...

Including:

Aromatic hydrocarbon - Models of benzene ring electron configurations Aromatic hydrocarbon - Properties of aromatic hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbon - Members of this group of substances
Aromatic hydrocarbon - PAHs

Read more here: » Aromatic hydrocarbon: Encyclopedia - Aromatic hydrocarbon

Methane is typically found on Earth, when not in natural gas deposits, in methane hydrate deposits under high pressure under the deep abyssal plains of oceans, produced from the decay of sinking biotic materials at shallow levels. Methane's effect as a greenhouse gas is twenty times greater than carbon dioxide. It is possible that major extinction in the history of the earth is due to methane. During the breakup of supercontinent Pangaea in the Triassic Period, an enormous volume of methane was released to the atmosphere. Methane reacts with ...

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Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth

- Ongoing research has changed the status of some information. For example, the evidence of some biomarkers which were interpreted as supporting the biogenic theory has been undermined by finding similar materials in thermophilic bacteria which are part of abiogenic theories. However, internal cognitive dissonance takes over at this point when we realise that theories of abiogenic origins, in using thermophilic bacteria to argue the point, are essentially arguing for it being a biogenic origin.

See also:

Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results

Gold achieved fame for his 1992 paper "The Deep Hot Biosphere" in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which presented a controversial view of the origin of coal, oil, and gas deposits, a theory of an abiogenic petroleum origin. The theory suggests coal and crude oil deposits have their origins in natural gas flows which feed bacteria living at extreme depths under the surface of the Earth; in other words, oil and coal are produced through tectonic forces, rather than from the decomposition of fossils. Gold also publis ...

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Thomas Gold, Thomas Gold - Life, Thomas Gold - Astrophysics, Thomas Gold - Origins of petroleum

Read more here: » Thomas Gold: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Gold - Origins of petroleum

Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits. While it is true that some oil fields do not conform to the standard model of a fixed amount of oil trapped in a sedimentary basin, these examples are accommodated by the biogenic model. For example, the White Tiger field (Cuu Long Basin) cited above is located in an area where significant normal faulting brings relatively young sedimentary rocks into contact with older, fractured horst blocks of igneous rocks.^{See also:}

Abiogenic petroleum origin, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Comparison of theories, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Raw material, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Events before conversion, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Conversion to petroleum and methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Formation of coal, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting abiogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Extraterrestrial methane, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Existence of hydrocarbon deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Methane on Earth, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Cold planetary formation, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep microbes, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Helium, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Trace metals, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Diamondoids, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Hydrogen, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Thermodynamics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biology, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Serpentinization and chemical synthesis of oil, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep structures and petroleum association, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Why is oil frequently found in sedimentary basins?, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Ambiguous results, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers or Chemofossils, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Deep hot carbon sources, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Biomarkers, Abiogenic petroleum origin - Petroleum origin peak oil and politics, Abiogenic petroleum origin - The future of the abiogenic theory

Read more here: » Abiogenic petroleum origin: Encyclopedia II - Abiogenic petroleum origin - Evidence supporting biogenic theory

There are two theories on the origin of "fossil" fuels: the mainstream biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. The two theories have been intensely debated since the 1860s, shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum. According to the biogenic theory, fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. The organic molecules associated with these organisms forms a group of chemicals known as kerogens which are then transformed into hydrocarbons by the process of catagenesis. The ter ...

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Fossil fuel, Fossil fuel - Origin, Fossil fuel - A limited resource

Read more here: » Fossil fuel: Encyclopedia II - Fossil fuel - Origin

Oil is believed to be a finite resource. Even if abiogenic oil were possibly the source, the theory is not of practical use unless significant deposits are discovered. Significant usage of renewable energy sources such as hydroelectricity and nonrenewable nuclear power and scientific advances have reduced the dependency on fossil fuels, of which household usage has increased nonetheless. Petroleum is also important because it is a source of petrochemicals, for which there are a vast variety of uses. The principle of supply and demand ...

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Fossil fuel, Fossil fuel - Origin, Fossil fuel - A limited resource

Read more here: » Fossil fuel: Encyclopedia II - Fossil fuel - A limited resource

Main article: Hubbert Peak The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is a theory concerning the long-term rate of production of conventional oil and other fossil fuels. It assumes that oil reserves are not replenishable (i.e. that abiogenic replenishment is negligible), and predicts that future world oil production must inevitably reach a peak and then decline as these reserves are exhausted. Controversy surrounds the theory, as predictions for when the global peak will actually take place are highly dependent on the past production ...

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Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Composition, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Future of oil

The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is a theory concerning the long-term rate of production of conventional oil and other fossil fuels. It assumes that oil reserves are not replenishable (i.e. that abiogenic replenishment is negligible), and predicts that future world oil production must inevitably reach a peak and then decline as these reserves are exhausted. Controversy surrounds the theory, as predictions for when the global peak will act ...

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Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Petroleum in Military Strategy, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Future of oil

Petroleum - Biogenic theory. Most geologists view crude oil, like coal and natural gas, as the product of compression and heating of ancient vegetation over geological time scales. According to this theory, it is formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric marine animals and terrestrial plants. Over many centuries this organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried under thick sedimentary layers of material. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure cause the remains to metamorphose, first into a waxy material ...

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Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Composition, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Origin

In refining, the component chemicals of petroleum are separated by fractional distillation, which is a separation based on relative boiling points (or equivalently relative volatility). The different products (in order of boiling points) include light gases (e.g. methane, ethane, propane), gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel, gasoil, paraffin wax, and asphalt. Subtler techniques, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and GC-MS, can separate some fractions of petroleum into individual compounds; these are analytical chemistry methods used ...

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Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Composition, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Composition

Generally the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. Historically, in the USA some oil fields existed where the oil rose naturally to the surface, but most of these fields have long since been depleted, except for certain remote locations in Alaska. Often many wells (called multilateral wells) will be drilled into the same reservoir, to ensure that the extraction rate will be economically viable. Also, some wells (secondary wells) may be used to pump water, steam, acids or various gas mixtures into the reservoir to raise or maintain the reservoir pressure, and ...

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Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Composition, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry

Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Extraction