Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون Abbāsīyūn) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. It seized power in 750, when it finally defeated the Umayyads in battle, and flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army they had created, the Mamluks. Their rule was finally ended in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol conquerer, sacked Baghdad. While they con ...

Including:

• Abbasid - Revolt against the Umayyads
• Abbasid - Consolidation and schisms
• Abbasid - The Mamluks
• Abbasid - Learning under the Abbasid dynasty
• Abbasid - The end of the caliphate
• Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad
• Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo
• Abbasid - Notes
• Abbasid - External link

Read more here: » Abbasid: Encyclopedia - Abbasid

See also:

Abbasid, Abbasid - Revolt against the Umayyads, Abbasid - Consolidation and schisms, Abbasid - The Mamluks, Abbasid - Learning under the Abbasid dynasty, Abbasid - The end of the caliphate, Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad, Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo, Abbasid - Notes, Abbasid - External link

Read more here: » Abbasid: Encyclopedia II - Abbasid - Learning under the Abbasid dynasty

The reigns of Harun al-Rashid (786 - 809) and his successors fostered an age of great intellectual achievement. In large part this was the result of the schismatic forces that had undermined the Umayyad regime, which relied on the assertion of the superiority of Arab culture as part of its claim to legitimacy, and the Abbasids' welcoming of support from non-Arab Muslims. A number of medieval thinkers and scientists living under Islamic rule played a role in transmitting Greek, Hindu, and other pre-Islamic knowledge to the Christian We ...

See also:

Abbasid, Abbasid - Revolt against the Umayyads, Abbasid - Consolidation and schisms, Abbasid - The Mamluks, Abbasid - Learning under the Abbasid dynasty, Abbasid - The end of the caliphate, Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad, Abbasid - Abbasid Caliphs on behalf of Mamluk Sultans of Cairo, Abbasid - Notes, Abbasid - External link

Read more here: » Abbasid: Encyclopedia II - Abbasid - Learning under the Abbasid dynasty

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Caliph - Origins of the caliphate
• Caliph - Succession to Muhammad
• Caliph - The authority of the caliph
• Caliph - The history of the caliphate
• Caliph - How the Caliphate came to an end
• Caliph - Reasons for the fall and continuing dormancy of the Caliphate
• Caliph - Famous caliphs
• Caliph - Dynasties
• Caliph - Claims to the caliphate
• Caliph - Lists of Caliphal dynasties and seats
• Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided
• Caliph - The Umayyads of Damascus
• Caliph - The Abbasids of Baghdad
• Caliph - The Abbasid branch of Cairo
• Caliph - The Ottoman Padishahs
• Caliph - The secular Republic of Turkey
• Caliph - The Sharifan house in now Saudi Arabia
• Caliph - Sources and references

Read more here: » Caliph: Encyclopedia - Caliph

Abd ar-Rahman I (ruled 756-788) was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain for nearly three centuries. He was a grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, the tenth Umayyad Caliph. When the Umayyads were overthrown in the East by the Abbasids he was a young man of about twenty years of age. Together with his brother Yahya, he took refuge with Bedouin tribes in the desert. The Abbasids hunted their enemies down without mercy. Their soldiers overtook the brothers; Yahya was slain, and Abd-ar-Rahman saved ...

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Al-Mustakfi (Arabic: المستكفى ) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 944 to 946. He was installed by Tuzun, a Turkish general who disposed and blinded the previous Caliph al-Muttaqi. Buwayhid dynasty began threatening the Capital. Tuzun, with the Caliph, marched to Wasit and defeated them. The tribute due from Mosul being withheld, Tuzun also marched against the Hamdanids; but, after f ...

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Al-Mustanjid (d. 1170) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1160 to 1170. He was the son of previous Caliph al-Muqtafi. One of al-Muqtafi's wives wanted her own son to succeed. She gained over many Amirs to her side, and had their slave-girls armed with daggers to kill the new Caliph. Al-Mustanjid discovered the plot and placed the rebel son and mother in prison. Around this time, Fatimid dynasty was at last extinguished, having lasted for 260 years. Their conqueror, Saladin, though himself an orthodox Muslim, initially didn' ...

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al-Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib, (566–652) was an uncle of Muhammad. married Umm al-Fadl Lubaba and is the father of Abdullah ibn Abbas and Fadl ibn Abbas. He was only born a few years before his nephew, and was one of Muhammad's father's youngest brothers. He initially did not accept Islam, but did so later and got along well with his nephew. Through his son Abdullah ibn Abbas, the later Abbasid dynasty would claim the title of caliph (literally "successor to the prophet. ...

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The Aghlabid dynasty of emirs, members of the Arab tribe of Bani Tamim, ruled Ifriqiya (northern Africa), nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a century, until overthrown by the new power of the Fatimids. Aghlabid - Aghlabid rulers. Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab ibn Salim (800-812) Abdullah I ibn Ibrahim (812-817) Ziyadat Allah I ibn Ibrahim (817-838) al-Aghlab Abu Affan ibn Ibrahim (838-841) Muhammad I Abul-Abbas ibn al-Aghlab Abi Affan ...

Including:

• Aghlabid - Aghlabid rulers

Read more here: » Aghlabid: Encyclopedia - Aghlabid

Abu al-'Abbas Abdullah ibn Muhammad as-Saffah (721 - 754) أبو العباس عبد الله بن محمد السفاح was the first Abbasid caliph. His dynasty ruled from 750 until 1258, he ruled until his death in 754. Abu al-'Abbas was the head of one branch of the Banu Hashim, who traced their lineage to Hashim, a great-grandfather of Muhammad, via al-Abbas, an uncle of the prophet. The Banu Hashim had great support from Shi'ites who thought that the family, which had produced Muhammad and 'Ali, would produce anoth ...

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The Abbadids comprised a Muslim dynasty which arose in Al-Andalus (present-day Spain) on the downfall of the Caliphate of Cordoba (756–1031). Abbadid rule lasted from about 1023 until 1091, but during the short period of its existence it exhibited singular energy and typified its time. The name of the dynasty should not be confused with that of the Abbasids of Baghdad. Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad (1023-1042), the cadi of Seville, founded the house in 1023. He functioned as the chief of an Arab family settled in the ...

Including:

• Abbadid - Abbadid Rulers of Seville

Read more here: » Abbadid: Encyclopedia - Abbadid

Al-Qa'im (Arabic: القائم) (d. 1075) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1031 to 1075. He was the son of the previous Caliph al-Qadir. During the first half of al-Qa'im's long reign, hardly a day passed in the Capital without turmoil. Frequently the city was left without a ruler; the Buwayhid ruler was often forced to fly for safety from his Capital. Meanwhile the Seljuk dynasty arose. Toghrül overran Syria and Armenia. He then cast an eye upon Baghdad. It was at a moment when the city was in the last agony of violence ...

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The Berghouata were a medieval Berber tribe of the Atlantic coast of Morocco, belonging to the Masmuda group of tribes. After allying with a failed Sufri Kharijite rebellion in Morocco against the Abbasids, they established a kingdom in the area of Tamesna between 744 and 1058, when the Almoravids conquered them. The Berghouata kingdom followed a syncretic religion inspired by Islam featuring the second ruler of the dynasty, Salih ibn Tarif, as the final prophet. The Berghouata are famous for being the first to have translated the Kor ...

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Abu Ishaq al-Mu'tasim ibn Harun (أبو إسحاق المعتصم بن هارون ʾAbū ʾIsḥāq al-Muʿtaṣim ibn Hārūn, 794 – January 5, 842) was an Abbasid caliph (833 - 842). He succeeded his half-brother al-Ma'mun. The ghilman (sing. ghulam) were introduced to the Caliphate during al-Mu'tasim's reign. The ghilman were slave-soldiers taken as children from conquered regions, in anticipation of the Ottoman devshirme system, and made into soldiers. The ghilman, personally responsible only to the C ...

Including:

• Al-Mu'tasim - Al-Mu'tasim in Literature

Read more here: » Al-Mu'tasim: Encyclopedia - Al-Mu'tasim

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam • Jihad Liberal Islam ...

Read more here: » Al-Mutawakkil III: Encyclopedia - Al-Mutawakkil III

Al-Muqtafi (Arabic: ألمكتفى ) (d. 1160) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1136 to 1160. The continued disunion and contests between Seljuk Turks afforded al-Muqtafi opportunity of not only maintaining his authority in Baghdad, but also extending it throughout Iraq. Al-Muqtafi was able to defend the Capital from various attacks. But he was ill-advised enough to support the rebellion of a son of Seljuk Sultan, who in response marched against Baghdad and forced the Caliph to take refuge in the eastern quarter. L ...

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The Buwayhids or Buyyids or Āl-i Buyeh, were a Shi'ite tribal confederation from Daylam, a region on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. In pre-Islamic times they had served as mercenaries for the Sasanian kings of Iran, but were independent from their rule. They were considered a formidable military force, especially because of their ability as foot soldiers. Succession of power was hereditary, with fathers dividing their land among their sons. During the time of Harun al-Rashid, the Alid people sought refuge ...

Including:

• Buwayhid - Buwayhid amirs
• Buwayhid - Major amirs
• Buwayhid - Minor Rulers

Read more here: » Buwayhid: Encyclopedia - Buwayhid

The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 was a victory of Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan. Baghdad was the capital of an Islamic state and was ruled by Al-Musta'sim, the current Abbasid Caliph. The Abbasid state had been in existence for over 500 years, since the accesssion of the first caliph in Baghdad 751 CE following the defeat of the previously ruling Umayyads. In century or so before the Mongol invasion, the state had lost much of its former strength ...

Including:

• Battle of Baghdad 1258 - External link

Read more here: » Battle of Baghdad 1258: Encyclopedia - Battle of Baghdad 1258

Events February 14 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany July 29 - Battle of Kleidion: Basil II inflicts not only a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, but his subsequent savage treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of shock, and earns Basil II the title 'Voulgaroktonos' (Bulgar-slayer). Henry II of Germany crowned Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Benedict VIII (ruled since 1003) Following the death of Sweyn I, Ethelre ...

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Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun (786 - October 10, 833) (المأمون) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. He succeeded his brother al-Amin. Al-Ma'mun - Caliphate. Al-Ma'mun came to power by defeating his brother in battle. The father of the two brothers was Harun al-Rashid who had ordered that al-Amin be his successor and al-Ma'mun be the governor of Khurasan. His mother was Persian. Al-Ma'mun was to succeed al-Amin upon the latter's death. However, al-Amin would igno ...

Including:

• Al-Ma'mun - Caliphate

Read more here: » Al-Ma'mun: Encyclopedia - Al-Ma'mun