Abaqa - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate
Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Jagatai), a son of Genghis Khan (1206—1227), controlled the par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Rulers After The Advent Of Islam In Iran
List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule. All Persian provinces fell under The Arabic Caliphate from 661 to 867. Umayyad dynasty, 6...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Overview
The heritage, culture and civilization of Azerbaijan has both ancient and modern roots starting from the Middle Paleolithic period throug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Yuan Dynasty
The Mongols under Kublai who fully conquered China had theoretical suzerainty over the entire Mongol Empire, but this became nominal even...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kartids: Encyclopedia Ii - Kartids - 1331-1370
Four years after Mu'izzu'd-Din's ascension, the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id died, following which the Ilkhanate quickly fragmented. Mu'izzu'd-Din, f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia Ii - Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate After Chagatai
Chagatai died shortly after Ögedei. The Chagataites, who had previously accepted Guyuk, consented to the succession to Möngke as Great ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ilkhanate: Encyclopedia Ii - Ilkhanate - Il-khans
Fragmentation. The regional states established during the disintegration of the Il-khanate raised their own candidates as claimants. Mus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs And Successor States
The Seljuq period of Azerbaijan's history was possibly even more pivotal than the Arab conquest as it helped shape the ethno-linguistic n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates In The 18th Century
While civil conflicts took hold in Iran, most of Azerbaijan was occupied by the Ottomans in the 18th century. Meanwhile, the coastal stri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - The Local Shirvanshahs
The role of the Shirvanshah state was important in the national development of Azerbaijan (especially of northern Azerbaijan). The Shirva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - The End Of Mongol Rule And The Black Sheep-white Sheep Rivalry
The last Il-khanid ruler, Abu Sa'id, died without an heir which led to the Ilkhan state's disintegration into small sultanates. The next ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Mongols And Ilkhanid Rule
The Mongol invasion of the Middle East and Caucasus was a devastating event for Azerbaijan and most of its neighbors. In 1231, the Mongol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Safavids And The Rise Of Shi'ism In Azerbaijan
The Safavid (Safaviyeh) were a Sufi religious order formed in 1330s by Sheikh Safi Al-Din (1252–1334), after whom it was eponymously na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Independence And The Civil War
At the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, an independent republic was proclaimed in Ganja on May 28, 1918 following an abortive atte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Early Realms In Iran
List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC. The Elamites were a people located in Susa, in what is now Khuzestan province....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Sassanid Dynasty Ad 224–651
   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991
Policies of de-Stalinization and improvement after the 1950s led to better education and welfare conditions for most of Azerbaijan. This ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - World War Ii
During the 1940s, the Azerbaijan SSR supplied much of the Soviet Union's gas and oil during the war with Nazi Germany and was thus a stra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan
Throughout its pre-Islamic history, Azerbaijan was subject to numerous invasions, but none so profoundly influential as that of the Musli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941
After the surrender of the pro-British national government to Communist forces, Azerbaijan was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire
At the beginning of Russian administration, the Tsars did not significantly interfere with local affairs and the migration of the Christi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire To The Conquests Of Alexander The Great And The Greeks
Following the overthrow of the Median Empire, all of what is today Azerbaijan was invaded by the Persian king Cyrus in the 6th century BC...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Empire Of Medians And Persians
List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC. Deioces, 728–675 Phraortes, 675–653 Madius the Scythian, 653–625 Cyaxares...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Hellenistic Rulers
List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC. Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (330 BC–323) Philip III Arrihadeus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Early Realms In Iran
List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC. of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared. Some have offered evidence f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Successors To The Yüan In Mongolia Northern Yuan
The following Khad are successors of Dayan Khan and directly ruled Chakhar. They had suzerainty over other Mongol tümed, but was unable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia Ii - Chagatai Khanate - Tughlugh Timur And Tamerlane
Duwa tried to carry on where Kaidu left off, but he had to suppress a challenge by Kaidu's son, Chapar, and when he tried to make war on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Golden Horde
... Mamai (? - 1380) Tokhtamysh (1380-1395) ... Seyid Akhmed (1433? - ?) Makhmud (1459-1465) Akhmat (1465-1481) Shayk Ahmad (1481...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Sassanid Dynasty Ad 224–651
   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Shahs Of Modern Iran
The modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1502 after the Safavid Dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-parthian Rivalry And Sassinian Conquest
This Albanian kingdom coalesced around a native Caucasian identity and a Zoroastrian religious background to forge a unique state in a re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Origins Of The Name Azerbaijan
The name Azerbaijan is believed to be derived from Atrupatan or "Atropatena" (in its Greek form). Atrupat (Atropates) was a satrap (gover...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia Ii - Chagatai Khanate - Mongol Successor States
Genghis Khan's empire was inherited by his third son, Ögedei, the designated Great Khan who personally controlled the lands east of Lake...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Albania And Media
Throughout much of its pre-Islamic history, Azerbaijan's northern portion was what became known as the state of Caucasian Albania, and it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Ancient History
The cave of Azykh in the territory of the Fizuli district in the Republic of Azerbaijan is considered to be the site of one of the most a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Eurasian Nomads In Pre-islamic Azerbaijan
The successive migration and settlement of Eurasian and Central Asian nomads continued to be a familiar pattern in the history of the Cau...   » Read the article