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Wu Hu - Wu Hu in the period of Three Kingdoms

Wu Hu - Wu Hu in the period of Three Kingdoms: Encyclopedia II - Wu Hu - Wu Hu in the period of Three Kingdoms

As the Eastern Han Dynasty slowly disintegrated into an era of "warlords", battles for predominance eventually ushered in the Three Kingdoms. However years of war had generated a severe shortage of labor, a solution to which was the encouragement of immigration of Wu Hu herdsmen. Thus the Wei court, controlling Northern China at the time, reluctantly yielded areas already occupied to the Wu Hu and sometimes colonized war-uninhabited areas with some weaker tribes of herdsmen. Several large-scale forced relocations of Di to area of southwestern S ...

Wu Hu: Encyclopedia II - Wu Hu - Wu Hu in the period of Three Kingdoms

Wu Hu - Wu Hu in the period of Three Kingdoms

Surprising to some historians, the immigration went smoothly since no powerful confederacy of any tribes was established. Wuhuan, partisans of Yuan Shao and his sons, had already been squashed when Cao Cao sent an expedition into Youzhou. Its herdsmen were dispersed all over Northern China and were no longer a major threat. Some of them even assimilated into Chinese, Xianbei and Xiongnu by marriage, thus the Wuhuan were not counted as one of the five tribes of Wu Hu.

Later years of the period saw only skirmishes on borders as the three governments concentrated on reclaiming the loss of productivity. Thus an era of prosperity began after the unification under the Western Jin Dynasty as the relocated tribes adopted agriculture and contributed to the revival of the economy. Other tribes, still residing in the areas that they had occupied since the Eastern Han Dynasty, frequently served as mercenaries against minor rebellious chieftains such as Kē Bǐ Néng (軻比能) and Tūfǎ Shù Jī Néng (禿髮樹機能 ).

However the Jin bureaucracy forgot an underlying threat: Wu Hu herdsmen now composed more than half of the national population. Living in areas well south of the Great Wall and closer than ever before to the capital of China at Luoyang, any widespread uprising would be impossible to halt.

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