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War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase | | War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase | | Legal land warfare is characterized by uniformed combatants, deliberate avoidance of damage to noncombatants, and care for prisoners and enemy wounded. Combatants who do not abide by the rules of land warfare are illegal combatants. Actions which deliberately target noncombatants, with the intent to inspire widespread fear, are terrorist by definition.
The phrase "War on Terrorism" was first widely used by the Western press to refer to the attempts by Russian and European governments, and eventually the U.S. government, to stop attack ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes | | | War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Critics' opposition, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - Notes, War on Terrorism - Objective and strategies, War on Terrorism - Opposition and criticism, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, The War on Terra, an Uncyclopedia spoof of the "War on Terrorism", Anti-communism, Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005, Black sites (CIA secret detention centers), Clearstream, involved in money laundering for Osama Ben Laden's Bahrain International Bank, Crusade (modern), Criticisms of the War on Terrorism, Executive Order 12333, Extraordinary rendition, Guantánamo Bay, 2003 Invasion of Iraq, McCain Detainee Amendment, McCarthyism, Operation Enduring Freedom, NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, "The terrorists have won", The Unitary Executive theory, "Unlawful combatant", USA Patriot Act, Ohio Patriot Act, Terrorism Bill 2005, Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 (UK) | | |
| | | War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase
War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase
Legal land warfare is characterized by uniformed combatants, deliberate avoidance of damage to noncombatants, and care for prisoners and enemy wounded. Combatants who do not abide by the rules of land warfare are illegal combatants. Actions which deliberately target noncombatants, with the intent to inspire widespread fear, are terrorist by definition.
The phrase "War on Terrorism" was first widely used by the Western press to refer to the attempts by Russian and European governments, and eventually the U.S. government, to stop attacks by anarchists against international political leaders. (See, for example, New York Times, April 2, 1881). Many of the anarchists described themselves as "terrorists," and the term had a positive valence for them at the time. When Russian anarchist Vera Zasulich shot and wounded a Russian police commander who was known to torture suspects on 24 January 1878, for example, she threw down her weapon without killing him, announcing, "I am a terrorist, not a killer."[4]
The next time the phrase gained currency was its use to describe the efforts by the British colonial government to end a spate of Jewish terrorist attacks in the British Mandate of Palestine in the late 1940s. The British proclaimed a "War on Terrorism" and attempted to crack down on Irgun, Lehi, and anyone perceived to be cooperating with them. The Jewish attacks, Arab reprisals (while Jews considered their attacks themselves reprisals for what they saw as British complacency to Arab violence against Jews and denial of Jewish rights), and the subsequent British crackdown hastened the British evacuation from Palestine.
A representative article from the period in (New York Times, August 5th, 1947, p. 16) reads:
"The Palestine Government today arrested the mayors of several Jewish cities and townships along Palestine's coast, including Tel Aviv, Nathanya, and Ramat Gan. No reason for the arrests was immediately given, but it was believed that they indicated a new attack in the British war on terrorism. The bodies of the two British sergeants executed by the Irgun Zvai Leumi last week were found hanged near Nathanya."
After the withdrawal of the British, the newly formed Israeli government began using the term "War on Terrorism" to refer to its efforts to crack down on Palestinian and Lebanese groups, both terrorist and otherwise, operating in Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East.
The phrase "War on Terrorism" was used frequently by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. In his 1986 speech to the U.N. General Assembly, Reagan said:
"…the United States believes that the understandings reached by the seven industrial democracies at the Tokyo summit last May made a good start toward international accord in the war on terrorism."
Other related archives1878, 1881, 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, 2001, 2001 anthrax attacks, 2002, 2003 Invasion of Iraq, 2003 Iraq War, 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2004, 2005, 2005 Amman bombings, 24 January, 9-11 Medal, 9-11 Ribbon, 9/11, 9/11 Commission, AWACS, Abu Ghraib, Afghanistan, Afghanistan Campaign Medal, Al Qaeda, Algerian War of Independence, American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, Angela Merkel, Anti-communism, April 2, August 5th, Australia, Bagram Air Base, Bagram torture and prisoner abuse, Bali nightclub bombing, Bill Clinton, Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005, Black sites, Britain, British Mandate of Palestine, Bush administration, CDU, CIA, Camp X-ray, Canada, Carl Schmitt, Chechen, Chechnya, Clearstream, Cognitive linguistics, Cold War, Colin Powell, Continuity of Operations Plan, Criticisms of the War on Terrorism, Crusade (modern), Cuba, December 26, Denmark, Department of Homeland Security, Diego Garcia, Djibouti, EAPC, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Executive Order 12333, Extraordinary rendition, Fourth Amendment, France, Geneva Conventions, George Lakoff, George W. Bush, George W. Bush administration, Georgia, Germany, Giorgio Agamben, Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal, Global War on Terrorism Service Medal, Guantanamo Bay, Guantánamo Bay, Hague Conventions, Hamas, High Court of Justice, Human Rights Watch, Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Information Awareness Office, International Institute for Strategic Studies, Iran, Iraq, Iraq Campaign Medal, Iraq War, Iraq and al-Qaeda, Irgun, Irgun Zvai Leumi, Israel, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Italy, January 3, John Howard, Jordan, June 9, Kenya, Lehi, List of terrorist incidents, Lockerbie bombing, London Underground bombings, Luis Posada Carriles, Madrid Train Bombings, Madrid train bombings, Maher Arar, Malaysia, McCain Detainee Amendment, McCarthyism, Middle East, Morocco, N379P, NATO, NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, Nathanya, National Liberation Front, New York, New York City, New York Times, New Zealand, Noam Chomsky, North Atlantic Treaty, North Korea, Northern Alliance, November 13, November 22, October 10, Office of Strategic Influence, Ohio Patriot Act, Operation Altair, Operation Apollo, Operation Athena, Operation Enduring Freedom, Osama Ben Laden, Osama bin Laden, Pakistan, Palestine, Palestinian terrorist groups, Persian Gulf War, Philippines, Plan Colombia, Poland, Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 (UK), Ramat Gan, Rockridge Institute, Romania, Ronald Reagan, Russia, Saddam Hussein, Saudi Arabia, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, September 11, September 11, 2001, September 11, 2001 attacks, September 12, September 18, September 2, September 20, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Special Air Service, Special Registration, State Department, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tel Aviv, Terrorism, Terrorism Bill 2005, Thailand, The terrorists have won, Tokyo, Tony Blair, Toronto Star, U.N., U.N. General Assembly, U.S., U.S. President, U.S. Special Operations Forces, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, UN, USA Patriot Act, USS Cole bombing, Ukraine, Uncyclopedia, Unitary Executive theory, United Kingdom, United Nations, United States, United States military, Unlawful combatant, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vera Zasulich, WMD, WWI and WWII, War on Terra, War on Terrorism - Theaters of operation, Washington, Washington D.C., Washington Post, Weapons of mass destruction, World Trade Center bombing, World War II, Yaser Esam Hamdi, Yemen, Zionist, acoustic earmuffs, al-Qaida, antimilitarist, as of 2004, civil liberties, coalition government, coalition of the willing, counterterrorism, deficit, extrajudicial prisoners of the United States, extraordinary rendition, foreign policy, frame, freedom, ghost detainees, guerrilla, gulag of our times, health insurance, human rights, illegal combatants, jihadists, martyrs, militant Islamist, military tribunals, narco-terrorist, nuclear, occupation, pacifist, pre-emptive, press, prisoners of war, progressive, radical Islam, sensory deprivation, special forces, state of exception, state sponsorship of terrorism, suicide bombings, suicide terrorism, surplus, terrorism, terrorist, terrorists, the Netherlands, think tank, unconstitutional, unitary executive, war, war on drugs, war on poverty, war to end all wars, worldwide protests
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Historical usage of the phrase", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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