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Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin | | Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin: Encyclopedia II - Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin | | A basic dialectal distinction that cuts across the entire geography of the Arabic-speaking world is between sedentary and Bedouin varieties. Across the Levant and North Africa (i.e. the areas of post-Islamic settlement), this is mostly reflected as an urban (sedentary) vs. rural (Bedouin) split, but the situation is more complicated in Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. The distinction stems from the settlement patterns in the wake of the Arab conquests. As regions were conquered, army camps were set up that eventually grew into cities, and settlement ...
See also:Varieties of Arabic, Varieties of Arabic - Overview, Varieties of Arabic - General varieties, Varieties of Arabic - Pre-Islamic or pre-Arab Expansion, Varieties of Arabic - Post-Islamic or post-Arab Expansion, Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin, Varieties of Arabic - Morphological and syntactic variation, Varieties of Arabic - Phonetic variation | | | Varieties of Arabic, Varieties of Arabic - General varieties, Varieties of Arabic - Morphological and syntactic variation, Varieties of Arabic - Overview, Varieties of Arabic - Phonetic variation, Varieties of Arabic - Post-Islamic or post-Arab Expansion, Varieties of Arabic - Pre-Islamic or pre-Arab Expansion, Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin | | |
| | | Varieties of Arabic: Encyclopedia II - Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin
Varieties of Arabic - Sedentary vs. Bedouin
A basic dialectal distinction that cuts across the entire geography of the Arabic-speaking world is between sedentary and Bedouin varieties. Across the Levant and North Africa (i.e. the areas of post-Islamic settlement), this is mostly reflected as an urban (sedentary) vs. rural (Bedouin) split, but the situation is more complicated in Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. The distinction stems from the settlement patterns in the wake of the Arab conquests. As regions were conquered, army camps were set up that eventually grew into cities, and settlement of the rural areas by Bedouins gradually followed thereafter.
The most obvious phonetic difference between the two dialect groups is the pronunciation of the letter ق qaaf, which is voiced in the Bedouin dialects (usually /g/, but sometimes a palatalized variation /ʤ/ or /ʒ/), but voiceless in the sedentary dialects (/q/ or /ʔ/). The other major phonetic difference is that the Bedouin dialects preserve the Classical Arabic (CA) interdentals /θ/ ث and /ð/ ذ, and merge the CA emphatic sounds /dˤ/ ض and /ðˤ/ ظ into /ðˤ/ rather than sedentary /dˤ/.
However, the most significant differences are in syntax. The sedentary dialects, in particular, share a number of common innovations from CA. This has led to the suggestion, first articulated by Charles Ferguson, that a simplified koine developed in the army staging camps in Iraq, from where the remaining parts of the modern Arab world were conquered.
In general, the Bedouin dialects are more conservative than the sedentary dialects, and the Bedouin dialects within the Arabic peninsula are even more conservative than those elsewhere. Within the sedentary dialects, the western varieties (particularly, Moroccan Arabic) are less conservative than the eastern varieties.
Other related archivesAcademy of the Arabic Language, Adnan, Afghanistan, Algeria, Algerian, Algerian Arabic, Algiers, Andalusi Arabic, Arabian, Arabian Peninsula, Arabic alphabet, Arabic language, Arabic languages, Baghdad, Bedouin, Berber, Chad, Classical Arabic, Coptic, Cypriot Maronite Arabic, Cyprus, Egypt, Egyptian, Egyptian Arabic, Gulf Arabic, Hassaniya Arabic, Hebrew alphabet, Himyar, Iraq, Iraqi Arabic, Judæo-Arabic languages, Koines, Koran, Latin alphabet, Lebanese Arabic, Levant, Levantine Arabic, Libyan Arabic, Literary Arabic, Maghreb, Maghreb Arabic, Malta, Maltese, Maltese language, Marrakesh, Mauritania, Middle East, Mizrahi Jews, Modern Hebrew, Modern Standard Arabic, Monastir, Moroccan Arabic, Mosul, Nigeria, North Africa, Nubi Creole Arabic, Palestine, Palestinian Arabic, Persian, Qahtanite, Romance languages, Saudi Arabia, Semitic language, Sfax, Sibawayh, Standard Arabic, Sudan, Sudanese Arabic, Tlemcen, Tunisian, Tunisian Arabic, Turkey, Yemen, Yemeni Arabic, al-Bakri, constructed genitive, creolized, diglossic, glottal stop, hamza, in situ, interdentals, interrogative pronouns, koine, palatalized, pharyngealization, pidgins, quadriliteral, triliteral, velarization
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Sedentary vs. Bedouin", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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