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Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates | | Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates: Encyclopedia II - Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates | | The title was revived a few times for (short-lived) three-headed political 'magistratures' in post-feudal times.
Ironically, when the French revolutionaries turned to several Roman Magistrature names for their new institutions, the three-headed collective Head of State was bizarly named Consulat, a term in use for two-headed magistratures since Antiquity; furthermore it included a "First Consul" who was not an equal, but the de facto solo head of state and government- a tyrannical position Napoleon Bonap ...
See also:Triumvirate, Triumvirate - Etymology, Triumvirate - Roman Triumvirates, Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates, Triumvirate - Modern Italy, Triumvirate - Modern Greece, Triumvirate - New World, Triumvirate - Other 'Triumvirates', Triumvirate - In fiction, Triumvirate - Sources and References | | | Triumvirate, Triumvirate - Etymology, Triumvirate - In fiction, Triumvirate - Modern Greece, Triumvirate - Modern Italy, Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates, Triumvirate - New World, Triumvirate - Other 'Triumvirates', Triumvirate - Roman Triumvirates, Triumvirate - Sources and References, Duumvirate - the equivalent term but with two members, Quattuorvirate - the equivalent term for four people, Quinquervirate - the equivalent term for five people, Sevirate - the equivalent term for six people, Septemvirate - the equivalent term for seven people, Decemvirate - the equivalent term for ten people, Quindecimvirate - the equivalent term for fifteen (sometimes more) people | | |
| | | Triumvirate: Encyclopedia II - Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates
Triumvirate - Modern Triumvirates
The title was revived a few times for (short-lived) three-headed political 'magistratures' in post-feudal times.
Ironically, when the French revolutionaries turned to several Roman Magistrature names for their new institutions, the three-headed collective Head of State was bizarly named Consulat, a term in use for two-headed magistratures since Antiquity; furthermore it included a "First Consul" who was not an equal, but the de facto solo head of state and government- a tyrannical position Napoleon Bonaparte chose to convert openly into the First Empire.
Triumvirate - Modern Italy
- in the Roman Republic (1798-1850), the title of two sets of three joint chiefs of state in the year 1849:
29 March - 1 July 1849 Carlo Armellini (b. 1777 - d. 1863), Giuseppe Mazzini (b. 1805 - d. 1872) & Conte Aurelio Saffi (b. 1819 - d. 1890)
1 till 4 July 1849 : Aurelio Saliceti (again), Alessandro Calandrelli (b. 1805 - d. 1888) & Livio Mariani (no dates available)
Triumvirate - Modern Greece
In the Kingdom of Greece, after the downfall of the country's first king, the Bavarian Othon on 23 October 1862, and Dimitrios Voulgaris' unsuccessful term (23 October 1862 - 30 January 1863) as president of the Provisional Government, a Triumvirate (30 January-30 October 1863) was established consisting of the same Dimitrios Voulgaris, the renowned Admiral Konstantinos Kanaris and Benizelos Rouphos, which acted as a Regency until the arrival of the new king, Georgios I.
Another Triumvirate was set up during the First World War, to head the "Provisional Government of National Defence" in Thessaloniki, in September 1916. It consisted of Eleftherios Venizelos, General Panagiotis Danglis and Admiral Pavlos Koundouriotis.
Triumvirate - New World
- In the present Dominican Republic (eastern part of formerly Spanish Hispaniola island), twice (in a long list of styles, basically juntas, some also of three) :
29 May 1866 - 22 Aug 1866 - 1st Triumvirate (in rebellion from 1 May 1866) : Pedro Antonio Pimentel Chamorro (b. 1830 - d. 1874; formerly one of three 'Generals-in-Chief' 23 Jan 1865 - 24 Jan 1865 ), Gregorio Luperón (b. 1839 - d. 1897) PA & Federico de Jesús García
26 Sep 1963 - 25 Apr 1965 - 2nd Triumvirate : Emilio de los Santos (b. 1903 - to 22 Dec 1963) (chairman; from 29 Dec 1963 succeeded by Donald Joseph Reid Cabral, b. 1923, UCN, new chairman), Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat (b. 1929) & Ramón Tapia Espinal (b. 1926 - d. 2002)
Other related archives1862, 1863, 1916, 23 October, 30 January, 30 October, Consulat, Aedile, Africa, Augustus, Caesar, Censor, Centre, Collegiality, Consul, Council of Three, Cursus honorum, Decemvirate, Decemviri, Dictator, Dominican Republic, Duumvirate, Dux, Eleftherios Venizelos, Emperor, First Triumvirate, First World War, Georgios I, Governor, Great Triumvirate, Head of State, Heads of government, Heads of state, Hispaniola, Imperator, Imperium, Konstantinos Kanaris, Legatus, Lictor, Magister Equitum, Magister Militum, National Defence, Officium, Othon, Ottoman Interregnum, Pavlos Koundouriotis, Pontifex Maximus, Praefectus, Praetor, Princeps senatus, Promagistrate, Quaestor, Robotech, Robotech Masters, Roman Republic, Roman Senate, Roman assemblies, Roman citizen, Roman law, Russian, Second Triumvirate, Star Trek, Tetrarch, The Pretender, Thessaloniki, Tribune, Vicarius, Vigintisexviri, War of the Worlds, juntas, on, powers that be, seasons, troika
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Modern Triumvirates", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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