The Daily Telegraph: Encyclopedia - The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. Its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, was founded in 1961. In November 2005, the Telegraph was the highest selling British broadsheet, with a certified average daily circulation of 904,955. This compared with a circulation of 692,581 for The Times, 261,193 for The Independent, and 378,618 for The Guardian^1. [Audit Bureau of Circulations Ltd.] According to a MORI survey conducted in 2004, 61% of Telegraph readers were Conservative Party supporters compared to 31% of the general population.[1]

The Daily Telegraph - Editorial history

The Telegraph is known for its right-wing politics. Within this classification it takes a roughly central position on the authoritarian/libertarian axis. It is less traditionalist and more libertarian than The Spectator but more traditionalist and less libertarian than The Economist. Personal links between the editorial team and the leadership of the Conservative Party (the Tories) vary in strength but the combination of these links with the paper's influence over Conservative activists result in the paper often being jokingly referred to as the Daily Torygraph.

The Daily Telegraph - Editors

Editors in recent years have been

• 1974-1986 : W. F. Deedes
• 1986-1995 : Sir Max Hastings
• 1995-2003 : Charles Moore
  • On October 1 2003, the newspaper announced that Moore was stepping down as the editor of the paper to spend his time working on a biography of Margaret Thatcher
• 2003-2005 : Martin Newland
• 2005-present : John Bryant, (Acting Editor)

The Daily Telegraph - Founding history

The Daily Telegraph was established on June 29, 1855 by Colonel Arthur B. Sleigh. He controlled it only briefly before selling it to his printer, Joseph Moses Levy, father of the 1st Baron Burnham. Levy appointed his sons as editors and relaunched the paper on September 17. His most significant and successful move was reducing the price of the paper to a penny, the first of the penny press. Within twelve months the new paper was outselling The Times.

In 1908, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany gave a controversial interview to The Daily Telegraph which severely damaged Anglo-German relations and added to international tension leading to World War I.

In 1928 the son of the 1st Baron Burnham sold it to the 1st Viscount Camrose, in partnership with his brother Viscount Kemsley and the 1st Baron Iliffe. Both the Camrose (Berry) and Burnham (Levy-Lawson) families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986.

In 1937 the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post which traditionally espoused a Conservative position and sold predominantly amongst the retired officer class. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside the Daily Telegraph, but poor sales of the former led him to merge the two. For some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph.

The Daily Telegraph - The Sunday Telegraph

The Telegraph's sister Sunday paper was founded in 1961. The conservative polemicist Sir Peregrine Worsthorne is probably the best known journalist associated with the title (1961-97), eventually being editor for three years from 1986. In 1989 the Sunday title was briefly merged in to a seven-day operation under Max Hastings' overall control.

The Daily Telegraph - Editors

Its editors in recent years have been

• John Thompson
• Sir Peregrine Worsthorne (1986-1989)
• Trevor Grove (1989-1992),
• Charles Moore (1992-1995),
• Dominic Lawson (1995-2005),
• Sarah Sands (2005-present)

The Daily Telegraph - Recent history

The Daily Telegraph is owned by the Barclay brothers. Until January 2004 the newspaper group was controlled by Canadian businessman, Conrad, Lord Black. Black, through his holding company Ravelston, owned Hollinger Inc. which in turn owns 30% of Hollinger International and, under a deal struck by Andrew Knight through which Black bought the newspaper group in 1986, owns 78% of the voting rights. Hollinger Inc. also owns the Chicago Sun-Times, the Jerusalem Post, and other right-leaning publications such as The Spectator, a weekly magazine edited by the British Member of Parliament, Boris Johnson.

On January 18, 2004, Black was sacked as chairman of the Hollinger International board over allegations of financial wrongdoing. Black was also sued by the company. Later that day it was reported that the Barclay brothers had agreed to purchase Hollinger Inc. from Black, giving them the controlling interest in the newspaper group. They then launched a takeover bid for the rest of the group, valuing the company at £200m. However, a suit has been filed by the Hollinger International board with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to try to block Black selling shares in the company until an investigation into his dealings have been completed. Black filed a counter-suit but eventually United States judge Leo Strine sided with the Hollinger International board and blocked Black from selling his Hollinger Inc. shares and interests to the twins. On Sunday March 7, the twins announced they were launching another takeover bid, this time just for the Daily Telegraph and its Sunday sister paper rather than the whole stable. Current owner of the Daily Express, Richard Desmond, was also interested in purchasing the paper, selling his interest in several pornographic magazines to finance the initiative. Desmond withdrew in March 2004 when the price climbed above £600m, as did Daily Mail and General Trust plc on June 17.

Eventually, the Barclay brothers purchased Hollinger, and with it the Telegraph, for around £665m in late June 2004.

Amidst the unravelling of the takeover Sir David Barclay suggested that The Daily Telegraph might in future no longer be the "house newspaper" of the Conservative Party. In a interview with The Guardian he said, "Where the government are right we will support them." The editorial board endorsed the Conservatives in the 2005 general election.

November 15, 2004 saw the tenth anniversay of the launch of the Telegraph's website Electronic Telegraph. Now rebranded to telegraph.co.uk the website was the UK's first national newspaper online.

There has been much speculation about the launch of a compact edition of The Daily Telegraph to counter the change in size of The Times to a tabloid. However, the Telegraph has denied these claims and tried to attract disgruntled Times readers who want to read a more upmarket broadsheet. Its latest advertising slogan is Impact, Not Compact.

It is possible that the Telegraph will face increased competition from The World, a new highbrow newspaper to be launched by Stephen Glover.

On 10 October 2005, the Daily Telegraph relaunched to incorporate a tabloid sports section and a new standalone business section. The Daily Mail's star columnist and political analyst Simon Heffer has left the paper to join the Daily Telegraph, where he will become associate editor. Heffer, known for his combative style and wit, will write two columns a week for the Telegraph, the first of which will appear in late October.

In Henry Winter they have a top-draw columnist who is regarded as the best football writer of this era. Alan Hansen is another who in 1995 famously wrote "You'll never win anything with kids", after Manchester United lost their opening game of the season to Aston Villa with youngsters like Scholes repalcing Ince, Beckham for Kanchelsks and the departure of 128-goalscoring legend Mark Hughes to Chelsea. United won the double that year, but that article fired up Sir Alex Ferguson and his fledglings. Sports is now also a big business and to understand the finer details of any sporting deals there is no one better than Mihir Bose to unravel the intricasies of the deal.

The Daily Telegraph, still smarting after losing its star sports writer Paul Hayward to the Mail - a fact the paper trumpeted in a TV advert during the Ashes - regards the luring of Heffer back to the broadsheet after a decade as a great coup. Martin Newland, the editor of the Daily Telegraph, said Heffer was returning to his "natural journalistic home".

"He writes with wit, candour and intelligence and has enormous depth of knowledge. His new columns will be required reading."

The poaching of Heffer follows the news that the BBC's business editor Jeff Randall had quit his job, joining the paper to write two business columns a week.

There was speculation just before Christmas 2005 that the Telegraph titles are shortly to move from Canada Place in Canary Wharf, to a new location near Victoria Station in central London.[2]

The Daily Telegraph - Notable mistakes

On at least two occasions the Daily Telegraph has erroneously published premature obituaries:

• Dave Swarbrick in 1999, prompting much embarrassing publicity for the newspaper, and Swarbrick's remark "It's not the first time I have died in Coventry."
• Ballet dancer Katharine Sergava in 2003, which also caused the New York Times to print an erroneous obituary based on the Telegraph's.

The Telegraph is nonetheless noted for the humour and quality of writing of many of its obituaries.

See also

• Peter Simple, the pseudonym of Michael Wharton who writes a humorous column in the paper.
• Auberon Waugh, a previous columnist
• Anthony Loyd, one time war correspondent
• J. H. B. Peel, columnist
• Mark Steyn, columnist

The Daily Telegraph - Notes

¹ These figures do not take into account the varying numbers of free copies of each paper given away at hotels, railway stations, and in aeroplanes.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The Daily Telegraph", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki