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Smolensk - Modern history | | Smolensk - Modern history: Encyclopedia II - Smolensk - Modern history | | Smolensk has been a special place to Russians for many reasons, not least for the fact that the local cathedral housed one of the most venerated Orthodox icons, attributed to St Luke. Building the new Cathedral of the Assumption was a great project which took more than a century to complete. Despite slowly sinking into economic backwater, Smolensk was still valued by tsars as a key fortress defending the route to Moscow. It ...
See also:Smolensk, Smolensk - Medieval origins, Smolensk - Between Russia Lithuania and Poland, Smolensk - Modern history, Smolensk - Sister Cities, Smolensk - Other pictures | | | Smolensk, Smolensk - Between Russia Lithuania and Poland, Smolensk - Medieval origins, Smolensk - Modern history, Smolensk - Other pictures, Smolensk - Sister Cities | | |
| | | Smolensk: Encyclopedia II - Smolensk - Modern history
Smolensk - Modern history
Smolensk has been a special place to Russians for many reasons, not least for the fact that the local cathedral housed one of the most venerated Orthodox icons, attributed to St Luke. Building the new Cathedral of the Assumption was a great project which took more than a century to complete. Despite slowly sinking into economic backwater, Smolensk was still valued by tsars as a key fortress defending the route to Moscow. It was made the capital of Guberniya in 1708.
In August 1812 two of the largest armies ever assembled clashed in Smolensk. During the hard-fought battle, described by Leo Tolstoy in War and Peace, Napoleon entered the city. Total losses were estimated at 30,000 men. Apart from other military monuments, downtown Smolensk features the Eagles monument, unveiled in 1912 to mark the centenary of Napoleon's Russian campaign.
Immediately after the October Revolution, when Belarus proper was still occupied by German forces, Smolensk (Belarusian: Смаленск, Smalensk) became a notable centre of Belarusian political life, although remaining administratively a part of Russia. In 1918, German occupational forces declared Smolensk Governorate a constituent of the Belarusian People's Republic, which only lasted less than a year. On January 2, 1919 the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in Smolensk, but its government moved to Minsk as soon as the Polish interventionists, had been driven out of the Belarusian capital several months later.
During World War II Smolensk was again chosen by history as a stage for one of its greater battles, the Battle of Smolensk. The first Soviet counteroffensive against the German army was launched here in August 1941. Over 93% of the city was destroyed during the fighting. The ancient icon was lost forever. It is no surprise that the title of Hero City was bestowed on Smolensk after the war.
Other related archives1054, 1240, 1395, 1404, 1408, 1514, 1597, 1602, 1611, 1632, 1654, 1667, 1708, 1812, 1918, 1919, 1941, 2-rouble coin dedicated to Smolensk, 2000, 2003, 882, 950, A wall of Smolensk Kremlin in 1912, Askold and Dir, Baltics, Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Smolensk, Belarusian, Belarusian People's Republic, Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Boris Godunov, Cathedral of the Assumption, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, Dimitriads, Dnieper, Dnieper River, Eastern Europe, Golden Horde, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Guberniya, Hero City, January 2, Kiev, Kievan, Krivichs, Kropotkins, Leo Tolstoy, Lithuania, Minsk, Mongol, Moscow, Muscovy, Napoleon, Napoleon's Russian campaign, Novodevichy Convent, October Revolution, Oleg of Novgorod, Orthodox, Pine trees, Polish-Lithuanian, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Road from Varangians to Greeks, Rus, Russia, Russian, Russian Primary Chronicle, Sapiehas, September 23, Sister cities, Smolensk Governorate, Smolensk Oblast, Smolensk War, Smoleńsk Voivodship, Soviet, St John the Baptist, St Luke, Swedish invasion, Tatischevs, Teutonic knights, Time of Troubles, Treaty of Andrusovo, Truce of Deulino, Uprising of Ukrainian Cossacks, Varangian, Vasili III of Russia, Vilnius, Vitaut, War and Peace, Western Dvina, Wladislaw IV, World War II, a long 20-month siege, armies, black soil, boyars, cathedral, churches, fortress, hard-fought battle, hydronym, icon, kremlin, reconstruction, resin, tar, tsar
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Modern history", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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