Sketch comedy: Encyclopedia II - Sketch comedy - History

Sketch comedy - History

Sketch comedy - Roots and Development

• Sketch comedy has its origins in vaudeville and Music Hall, where a large number of brief but humorous acts were strung together to form a larger program.

In England, it moved to stage performances by Cambridge Footlights, such as Beyond the Fringe and A Clump of Plinths (which evolved into Cambridge Circus), to radio with such shows as ITMA and ISIRTA and then to television with such shows as Monty Python's Flying Circus and Not the Nine O'clock News.

Historically the sketches tended to be unrelated, but more recent groups have introduced overarching themes that connect the sketches within a particular show, and recurring characters that return for more than one appearance. Examples of recurring characters include "Ted & Ralph" from The Fast Show; the "Head Crusher" from The Kids in the Hall; Martin Short's "Ed Grimley", a recurring character from both SCTV and Saturday Night Live; and "Kevin & Perry" from Harry Enfield and Chums. The idea of running characters was taken a stage further in The League of Gentlemen where sketches all centre around the various inhabitants of the fictional town Royston Vasey.

In America, contemporary sketch comedy is largely an outgrowth of the improvisational comedy scene that flourished during the 1970s, largely growing out of Chicago's Second City. British ensembles, in contrast, have more usually been built on writing talent - with writers often working in pairs.

• Notable contemporary stage sketch comedy groups include The Second City, the Upright Citizens Brigade, and The Groundlings.

Notable television sketch comedy shows include Monty Python's Flying Circus, Saturday Night Live, SCTV, the Upright Citizens Brigade, The Red Skelton Show and Mr. Show.

Sketch comedy - Festivals

Many of the sketch comedy revues in Britain included seasons at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.

Since 1999, the growing sketch comedy scene has precipitated the development of sketch comedy festivals in cities all around North America, including festivals in New York City, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, Toronto, San Francisco, Boston, Vancouver and Portland, Oregon.

Sketch comedy - Amateurs

Besides such more professional, properly theatrical performers, there is also a tradition of amateur fun - as the whole thing is meant to be silly anyway, it is an ideal form of theater, like pantomime, for simply ridiculous attempts (often involving cross-dressing), as put up to entertain crowds or troops when no professional entertainment is available, or in various societies, sometimes with a mild hope of fund-raising, sometimes just for the laughs; for example it is not uncommon as a task for pledges during hazing (in which case there often is divesting and/or homo-erotic or other sexual elements or suggestion).

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "History", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki