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Runic alphabet - Overview

Runic alphabet - Overview: Encyclopedia II - Runic alphabet - Overview

The earliest runic inscriptions date from ca. 150, and the alphabet was generally replaced by the Latin alphabet with Christianisation, by ca. 700 in central Europe and by ca. 1400 in Scandinavia. However, the use of runes persisted for specialized purposes, mainly in Scandinavia and in rural Sweden until the early 20th century (used mainly for decoration as Dalecarlian runes and on Runic calendars). The three best known runic alphabets are: the Elder Futhark (ca. 150–800) the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc (400–1100) ...

See also:

Runic alphabet, Runic alphabet - Overview, Runic alphabet - Background, Runic alphabet - Origins, Runic alphabet - Magic and Divination, Runic alphabet - Common use, Runic alphabet - Gothic runes, Runic alphabet - Elder Fuþark, Runic alphabet - Names, Runic alphabet - Frisian and Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc, Runic alphabet - Younger Fuþark, Runic alphabet - Names, Runic alphabet - Evolution, Runic alphabet - Long-branch runes, Runic alphabet - Short-twig runes, Runic alphabet - Hälsinge Runes staveless runes, Runic alphabet - Dalecarlian Runic script, Runic alphabet - Modern use, Runic alphabet - Third Reich, Runic alphabet - Neopaganism, Runic alphabet - Literature, Runic alphabet - Unicode, Runic alphabet - Distribution, Runic alphabet - Runiform scripts, Runic alphabet - Special characters

Runic alphabet, Runic alphabet - Background, Runic alphabet - Common use, Runic alphabet - Dalecarlian Runic script, Runic alphabet - Distribution, Runic alphabet - Elder Fuþark, Runic alphabet - Evolution, Runic alphabet - Frisian and Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc, Runic alphabet - Gothic runes, Runic alphabet - Hälsinge Runes staveless runes, Runic alphabet - Literature, Runic alphabet - Long-branch runes, Runic alphabet - Magic and Divination, Runic alphabet - Modern use, Runic alphabet - Names, Runic alphabet - Neopaganism, Runic alphabet - Origins, Runic alphabet - Overview, Runic alphabet - Runiform scripts, Runic alphabet - Short-twig runes, Runic alphabet - Special characters, Runic alphabet - Third Reich, Runic alphabet - Unicode, Runic alphabet - Younger Fuþark, Elder Futhark, Rune poem, Rune stone, Solomon and Saturn, Codex Runicus, Siglas Poveiras, Computus Runicus, Old Italic alphabet, Ogham, the early Irish monumental alphabet, the "Armanen runes", invented by Guido von List, the Cirth "runes", invented by J.R.R. Tolkien, the Uthark, advocated by Sigurd Agrell., Runecasting, Runes in popular culture

Runic alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Runic alphabet - Overview



Runic alphabet - Overview

The earliest runic inscriptions date from ca. 150, and the alphabet was generally replaced by the Latin alphabet with Christianisation, by ca. 700 in central Europe and by ca. 1400 in Scandinavia. However, the use of runes persisted for specialized purposes, mainly in Scandinavia and in rural Sweden until the early 20th century (used mainly for decoration as Dalecarlian runes and on Runic calendars).

The three best known runic alphabets are:

  • the Elder Futhark (ca. 150–800)
  • the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc (400–1100)
  • the Younger Futhark (800–1910)

The Younger Futhark is further divided into:

  • the Danish futhark script
  • the Swedish-Norwegian runic script (also: Short-twig or Rök Runes)
  • the Hälsinge Runes (staveless runes)
  • the latinised Dalecarlian futhark script (ca. 1500–1910)

Middle Bronze Age 19-15th c. BC

  • Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC
    • Ugaritic 13th c. BC
    • Phoenician 11th c. BC
      • Samaritan 6th c. BC
      • Aramaic 9th c. BC
        • Brāhmī 6th c. BC
        • Hebrew 3rd c. BC
        • Syriac 2nd c. BC
        • Avestan 3th c.
        • Arabic 4th c.
      • Greek 8th c. BC
        • Old Italic 8th c. BC
          • Latin 7th c. BC
          • Runes 2nd c.
        • Gothic 4th c.
        • Armenian 405
        • Glagolitic 862
        • Cyrillic 10th c.
      • Iberian
        • Celtiberian
    • South Arabian 9th c. BC
      • Ge'ez 3rd-4th c.

The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st century BC Northern Italic alphabets, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old Italic alphabet. These scripts bear a remarkable resemblance to the Futhark in many regards.

Other related archives

10th, 12th, 1400, 150, 1555, 160s, 1902, 1908, 1950s, 1st century BC, 200, 20th century, 2nd century BC, 400, 5th, 5th century, 6th century, 700, 7th century, 9th century, Aesir, Alcuin, Algiz, Alphabetic writing systems, Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, Anglo-Saxon rune poem, Anund Uppsale, Arabia, Arabic, Aramaic, Argiu, Arial Unicode MS, Armanen Runes, Armanen runes, Armenian, As, Asatru, Avestan, B, Bergen, Birka, Björketorp Runestone, British, Bryggen inscriptions, Brāhmī, C, Celtiberian, Christianisation, Cirth, Clog almanacs, Code2000, Code2001, Codex Runicus, Computus Runicus, Cyrillic, Dalecarlia, Dalecarlian, Dalecarlian language, Danish, Duenos inscription, East Germanic, Edred Thorsson, Eihwaz, Einang stone, Elder Futhark, England, F, Fantasy, Franks Casket, Frisia, Funen, Futhorc, Ge'ez, Germania, Germanic languages, Germanic paganism, Germanic peoples, Gestricia, Glagolitic, Gothic, Gothic alphabet, Gotland, Granmar, Greek, Guido von List, H, Harry Potter, Heathenry, Hebrew, Herdalia, History of the Germanic peoples, Hávamál, Hälsingland, I, Iberian, Image of Edward-script, J. K. Rowling, J. R. R. Tolkien, J.R.R. Tolkien, Jordan, K, Kalevala, Kensington Runestone, Kettil Runske, Kylver Stone, Latin, Latin alphabet, Lepontic, Lucida Sans Unicode, M, Middle Bronze Age, Middle East, Middle English, Nabataean alphabet, Nabataean kingdom, National Socialists, Nazi symbolism, Negau helmet, Neopagans, Norse, Norse mythology, North Germanic, Northern Europe, Northern Italic alphabets, Norwegian, Odalism, Odin, Ogham, Olaus Magnus, Olaus Rudbeck Sr, Old Hungarian script, Old Italic, Old Italic alphabet, Old Norse, Orkhon script, Pages with special characters, Phoenician, Phoenician alphabet, Proto-Canaanite, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Norse, R, Rhaetic, Rhineland, Rimbert, Roman legions, Rune poem, Rune stone, Runecasting, Runes in popular culture, Runic calendars, Runology, Ruthwell Cross, Rök Runestone, S, Samaritan, Scandinavia, Scandinavian, Sigel, Siglas Poveiras, Sinai, Solomon and Saturn, South Arabian, South Israel, Stentoften Runestone, Sweden, Swedish, Syria Palaestina, Syriac, Södermanland, T, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Tacitus', The Hobbit, Thurs, Tyr, UTF-8, Ugaritic, Unicode, Uppsala, V, Venetic, Viking Age, Vita Ansgari, West Germanic, West Germanic tribes, Wiccans, Wolfsangel, Ynglinga saga, Younger Futhark, alamannic, alphabets, aurochs, birch, blót, bracteates, cattle, ceramic, day, diphthongs, divination, elk, free software Unicode fonts, giant, haglaz, hail, horse, ice, inheritance, joy, labiovelars, lake, longbows, magical, man, need, neo-Nazi, neofolk, occult, pear, peorð, proto-Norse, rune poems, rune stones, sacrifice, slag, transliteration, ulcer, völkisch, water, web browsers, wynn, year, yew, yogh, Älvdalen, Δ, Λ, Ω



Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Overview", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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