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Particle physics - Subatomic particles | | Particle physics - Subatomic particles: Encyclopedia II - Particle physics - Subatomic particles | | Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, which have less structure than atoms. These include atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), particles produced by radiative and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles.
Strictly speaking, the term particle is something of a misnomer. The objects studied by particle physics obey the principles of quantu ...
See also:Particle physics, Particle physics - Subatomic particles, Particle physics - History of particle physics, Particle physics - The Standard Model of particle physics, Particle physics - Experimental particle physics, Particle physics - Theoretical particle physics, Particle physics - Particle physics and reductionism, Particle physics - Public policy and particle physics, Particle physics - The future of particle physics | | | Particle physics, Particle physics - Experimental particle physics, Particle physics - History of particle physics, Particle physics - Particle physics and reductionism, Particle physics - Public policy and particle physics, Particle physics - Subatomic particles, Particle physics - The Standard Model of particle physics, Particle physics - The future of particle physics, Particle physics - Theoretical particle physics, Atomic physics, Quantum mechanics (basic), Fundamental particle, List of particles, Subatomic particle | | |
| | | Particle physics: Encyclopedia II - Particle physics - Subatomic particles
Particle physics - Subatomic particles
Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, which have less structure than atoms. These include atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), particles produced by radiative and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles.
Strictly speaking, the term particle is something of a misnomer. The objects studied by particle physics obey the principles of quantum mechanics. As such, they exhibit wave-particle duality, displaying particle-like behavior under certain experimental conditions and wave-like behavior in others. Theoretically, they are described neither as waves nor as particles, but as state vectors in an abstract Hilbert space. For a more detailed explanation, see quantum field theory. Following the convention of particle physicists, we will use "elementary particles" to refer to objects such as electrons and photons, with the understanding that these "particles" display wave-like properties as well.
All the particles observed to date have been catalogued in a quantum field theory called the Standard Model, which is often regarded as particle physics' best achievement to date. The model contains 47 species of elementary particles, some of which can combine to form composite particles, accounting for the hundreds of other species of particles discovered since the 1960s. The Standard Model has been found to agree with almost all the experimental tests conducted to date. However, most particle physicists believe that it is an incomplete description of Nature, and that a more fundamental theory awaits discovery. In recent years, measurements of neutrino mass have provided the first experimental deviations from the Standard Model.
Particle physics has had a large impact on the philosophy of science. Some in the field still adhere to reductionism, an older concept which has been criticized by various philosophers and scientists. Part of the debate is described below.
Other related archives17th century, 1802, 1869, 1890s, 1911, 1939, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1993, 19th century, 2001, 2004, 2007, 20th century, 6th century BC, Atomic physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, CERN, CP-symmetry, Category:Experimental particle physics, Cold War, Collider, DESY, Democritus, Dmitri Mendeleev, Electron, Epicurus, Ernest Rutherford, Fermilab, Fundamental particle, Geneva, Grand Unification Theories, HERA, Hadron, Hamburg, Hans Bethe, Higgs boson, Higgs mechanism, Hilbert space, International Linear Collider, Isaac Newton, J.J. Thomson, John Dalton, LEP, LHC, Large Hadron Collider, Leucippus, Lise Meitner, List of particles, Otto Hahn, Positron, Preon, Proton, Quantum mechanics (basic), Randall-Sundrum, SLAC, SPS, Soviet Union, Standard Model, Subatomic particle, Superconducting Super Collider, Synchrotron, Tevatron, Theory of Everything, W- and W+, Z bosons, ancient Greek, antiprotons, atoms, biologists, boson, branes, chemists, collisions, cosmological, dark matter, effective field theory, electromagnetic, electrons, elementary, emergent, exotic particles, fundamental, fundamental forces, fundamental particles, gauge bosons, general relativity, gluons, gold, greedy reductionist, heavy ions, hierarchy problem, holists, lattice field theory, lattice gauge theory, lead into gold, life time of the proton, loop quantum gravity, mass, matter, muons, nature, neutrino, neutrino mass, neutrinos, neutrons, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, nuclear physics, nuclear weapons, particle accelerators, periodic table, phenomenologists, philosophers, philosophy of science, photons, physics, positrons, preprint archive, protons, quantum chromodynamics, quantum field theory, quantum indeterminacy, quantum mechanics, quantum physics, quarks, radiation, radiative, reductionism, reductionist, scattering, solid state physicists, standard model, state vectors, string theory, strong, subatomic particles, supersymmetric particles, supersymmetry, theoretical physics, wave, wave-particle duality, weak
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Subatomic particles", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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