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Parthia - Contact with China | | Parthia - Contact with China: Encyclopedia II - Parthia - Contact with China | | The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria and Sogdiana in 126 BCE, made the first known Chinese report on Parthia. In his accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī" (Chinese: 安息), a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty. Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization, which he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana) and Daxia (in Bactria).
"Anxi is situated several thousand li west of the region of the Great Yuezhi (in Transoxonia). Th ...
See also:Parthia, Parthia - Origins, Parthia - The Parthian Empire, Parthia - Government, Parthia - Contact with China, Parthia - Conflicts with Rome, Parthia - Expansion to India, Parthia - Decline and fall, Parthia - Parthian rulers, Parthia - Etymololgy of Parthia | | | Parthia, Parthia - Conflicts with Rome, Parthia - Contact with China, Parthia - Decline and fall, Parthia - Etymololgy of Parthia, Parthia - Expansion to India, Parthia - Government, Parthia - Origins, Parthia - Parthian rulers, Parthia - The Parthian Empire, An Shihkao, List of kings of Persia | | |
| | | Parthia: Encyclopedia II - Parthia - Contact with China
Parthia - Contact with China
The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria and Sogdiana in 126 BCE, made the first known Chinese report on Parthia. In his accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī" (Chinese: 安息), a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty. Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization, which he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana) and Daxia (in Bactria).
"Anxi is situated several thousand li west of the region of the Great Yuezhi (in Transoxonia). The people are settled on the land, cultivating the fields and growing rice and wheat. They also make wine out of grapes. They have walled cities like the people of Dayuan (Ferghana), the region contains several hundred cities of various sizes. The coins of the country are made of silver and bear the face of the king. When the king dies, the currency is immediately changed and new coins issued with the face of his successor. The people keep records by writing on horizontal strips of leather. To the west lies Tiaozi (Mesopotamia) and to the north Yancai and Lixuan (Hyrcania)." (Shiji, 123, Zhang Qian quote, trans. Burton Watson).
Following Zhang Qian's embassy and report, commercial relations between China, Central Asia, and Parthia flourished, as many Chinese missions were sent throughout the 1st century BCE: "The largest of these embassies to foreign states numbered several hundred persons, while even the smaller parties included over 100 members... In the course of one year anywhere from five to six to over ten parties would be sent out." (Shiji, trans. Burton Watson).
The Parthians were apparently very intent on maintaining good relations with China and also sent their own embassies, starting around 110 BC: "When the Han envoy first visited the kingdom of Anxi (Parthia), the king of Anxi dispatched a party of 20,000 horsemen to meet them on the eastern border of the kingdom... When the Han envoys set out again to return to China, the king of Anxi dispatched envoys of his own to accompany them... The emperor was delighted at this." (Shiji, 123, trans. Burton Watson).
In 97 CE the Chinese general Ban Chao went as far west as the Caspian Sea with 70,000 men and established direct military contacts with the Parthian Empire.
Parthians also played a role in the Silk Road transmission of Buddhism from Central Asia to China. An Shih Kao, a Parthian nobleman and Buddhist missionary, went to the Chinese capital Luoyang in 148 CE where he established temples and became the first man to translate Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.
Other related archives1 CE, 10, 105, 109, 110, 110 BC, 114, 116, 117, 12, 123, 124 BC, 126 BCE, 127, 127 BC, 129, 129 BCE, 138, 138 BC, 138 BCE, 139 BCE, 140, 147, 148 CE, 161, 164 BCE, 165, 171, 171 BC, 176, 176 BC, 190, 190 BCE, 191, 191 BC, 193, 198, 1st century BCE, 2 BC, 20 BCE, 20 CE, 206 BCE, 208, 211, 211 BC, 216, 224, 228, 246, 247, 250 BCE, 26 BC, 2nd century BCE, 2nd century CE, 30, 35, 36, 36 BCE, 38, 38 BC, 39, 39 BCE, 3rd century, 40, 41 BCE, 47, 50, 51, 53 BCE, 54 BC, 55, 57, 57 BC, 58, 60s, 65, 70, 70 BC, 77, 78, 8, 80, 80 BC, 88 BC, 90, 90 BC, 95, 97 CE, AD 4, AD 6, Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid dynasty, Afghanistan, Afsharid dynasty, An Shih Kao, An Shihkao, Anatolia, Antiochus III the Great, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Apollodorus of Artemita, Arabia, Ardašir, Armenia, Arsaces, Arsaces I, Arsaces II, Arsacid, Artabanus I, Artabanus II, Artabanus III, Artabanus IV, Asia Minor, Assyria, Augustus, Azerbaijan, BCE, Babylonia, Bactria, Baghdad, Bahrain, Ban Chao, Battle of Carrhae, Buddhist, Buwayhid dynasty, CE, Cappadocia, Caria, Caspian Sea, Central Asia, Characene, Chinese, Christian, Cilicia, Crassus, Ctesiphon, Daxia, Dayuan, Demetrius II Nicator, Ecbatana, Elam, Elamite Kingdom, Euphrates, European, Ferghana, Gandara, Gandhara, Georgia, Ghaznavid Empire, Gondophares, Gotarzes I, Gotarzes II, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greeks, Hadrian, Hamadan, Han, Hatra, Hellenistic, Herat, Hyrcania, Hyrcanus, Ilkhanate, India, Indo-Parthian Kingdom, Indo-Scythians, Indus, Iran, Iranian, Iranian Revolution, Iranian language, Iranian plateau, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic conquest of Iran, Jewish, Jews, Jiroft Kingdom, Judaea, Julius Caesar, Khwarezmid Empire, Kujula Kadphises, Kushan Empire, Kuwait, Latin, List of kings of Persia, Lucius Verus, Luoyang, Marcus Aurelius, Mark Antony, Media, Median Empire, Mediterranean Sea, Mesopotamia, Mithradates the Great, Mithridates I, Mithridates II, Mithridates III, Mithridates IV, Musa, Muzaffarid dynasty, Nero, Octavian, Old Persian, Orodes I, Orodes II, Orodes III, Osroes I, Osroes II, Pacorus I, Pacorus II, Pahlavi dynasty, Pahlavi script, Pakistan, Parni, Parthamaspates, Parthian shot, Persia, Persian, Persian Empire, Persian Gulf, Persians, Phraates I, Phraates II, Phraates III, Phraates IV, Phraates V, Phriapatius, Phrygia, Pompey, Punjab, Qajar dynasty, Rhagae, Roman Empire, Roman relations with the Parthians and Sassanians, Safavid dynasty, Saffarid dynasty, Samanid dynasty, Sanabares, Sanatruces, Sassanid, Sassanid dynasty, Saudi Arabia, Seleucia on the Tigris, Seleucid, Seleucid Empire, Seljukid empire, Septimius Severus, Seven Parthian clans, Shiji, Silk Road, Silk Road transmission of Buddhism, Sogdiana, Surena, Susa, Syria, Sûrên, Tahirid dynasty, Tajikistan, Taxila, Thomas, Tiberius, Tigranes II of Armenia, Tigris, Timurid dynasty, Tiridates I, Tiridates II, Tiridates III, Trajan, Transoxonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ubar, United Arab Emirates, Vardanes I, Vardanes II, Vologases I, Vologases II, Vologases III, Vologases IV, Vologases V, Vologases VI, Vonones I, Vonones II, Yuezhi, Zand dynasty, Zhang Qian, Ziyarid dynasty, archers, brigades, cataphracts, cavalry, civil war, demilitarize, diasporic Jews, dynasty's, first century CE, frankincense, infantry, li, measles, nomadic, nomads, post-Alexandrian, siege warfare, trade route
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Contact with China", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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