 | Palindrome: Encyclopedia II - Palindrome - Types of palindrome
Palindrome - Types of palindrome
Palindrome - Symmetry by characters
The most familiar palindromes, in English at least, are character-by-character: the written characters read the same backwards as forwards. Palindromes may consist of a single word (such as civic), a phrase or sentence (Was it a cat I saw?), or a longer passage of text. Spaces, punctuation and case are usually ignored. a one of language of india "malayalam"
Palindrome - Symmetry by words
Some palindromes use words as units rather than letters. An example is You can cage a swallow, can't you, but you can't swallow a cage, can you?.
Palindrome - Symmetry by lines
Still other palindromes take the line as the unit. The poem Doppelganger, composed by James A. Lindon, is an example.
The dialogue "Crab Canon" in Douglas Hofstadter's Gödel, Escher, Bach is nearly a line-by-line palindrome. The second half of the dialog consists, with some very minor changes, of the same lines as the first half, but in reverse order and spoken by the opposite characters (i.e., lines spoken by Achilles in the first half are spoken by the Tortoise in the second, and vice versa). In the middle is a non-symmetrical line spoken by the Crab, who enters and spouts some nonsense, apparently triggering the reversal. The structure is modeled after J. S. Bach's crab canon.
Another sentence is supposed to be said by Napolean "Able was I ere, I saw Elba"
Palindrome - Symmetry by sound
Some palindromes are by sound, such as the Hungarian A bátya gatyába ("The brother in underpants"), or the Japanese Ta-ke-ya-bu ya-ke-ta (竹薮焼けた) ("A bamboo grove has been burned").
Palindrome - Numbers
See main article: Palindromic number
Palindrome - Dates and times
Palindromes can also be constructed using dates and times. The exact dates and times may differ according to the local style (for example, whether the month or day is written first). For example:
- 12/02/2021 for 12th February 2021, using the DD/MM/YYYY format; or 2nd December 2021 using the MM/DD/YYYY format.
- 10/30/2002 03:01 for 30th October 2002, 3:01 AM, using the MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM format.
Palindrome - In music
On his 2003 album Poodle Hat, the comedy singer "Weird Al" Yankovic included a song called Bob composed entirely of rhyming palindromes. The name Bob is itself a palindrome, and is also a reference to Bob Dylan, whose Subterranean Homesick Blues he emulated in both the song's style and the accompanying video.
The singer and guitarist Baby Gramps wrote and performs a song entitled Palindromes. Nerdcore rapper MC Paul Barman, in his song Bleeding Brain Grow from the album Paullelujah, rapped a couple of lines written in palindromes, mostly name-dropping some of his favorite rappers.
The musical duo of John Linnell and John Flansburgh, also known as They Might be Giants, wrote a song related to palindromes called I Palindrome I. The song appears on their album Apollo 18. At one point in the song, the lyrics are the same forwards as backwards: "Son, I am able she said though you scare me, watch, said I, beloved, I said watch me scare you though, said she able am I, son."
The Icelandic band Sigur Rós composed a song on their album Ágætis byrjun which partly sounds the same played forwards or backwards. The notes have a symmetric form, and a reversed version of the music is mixed over the original. The song—named Starálfur—can be downloaded from their website [1].
The interlude from Alban Berg's opera Lulu is a palindrome, as are sections and pieces, in arch form, by many other composers, including James Tenney (swell), and most famously Béla Bartók (and, influenced by him, Steve Reich).
See also crab canon — in classical music, a canon in which one line of the melody is reversed in time and pitch from the other.
Palindrome - Computer programs
Brian Westley wrote a C program for the 1987 International Obfuscated C Code Contest which is a line-by-line palindrome: http://www.ioccc.org/1987/westley.c
Up to the type definitions, here is a compilable palindrome written in Caml:
type 'a elbatum = 'a ;;
type lol = bool ;;
type pop = int ;;
type b = { mutable lol : lol elbatum } ;;
type i = { mutable pop : pop elbatum } ;;
fun erongi lol pop n ->
pop.lol <- let nuf =
erongi ; fun erongi lol pop n -> pop.lol ; ignore
n in
erongi ; lol.pop <- n pop lol ignore nuf ; ignore
= fun tel -> lol.pop
<- n pop lol ignore nuf
;;
Palindrome - URLs
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ikiw/gro.aidepikiw.ne//:ptth (links back here)
Other related archives"Weird Al" Yankovic, Alban Berg, Aoxomoxoa, Automata Theory, Baby Gramps, Bill Bryson, Bob Dylan, Béla Bartók, C, Caml, Chinese, DNA, December, Doppelganger, Douglas Hofstadter, English, February, Finnish, Grateful Dead, Greek, Gödel, Escher, Bach, I Palindrome I, Icelandic, International Obfuscated C Code Contest, J. S. Bach, James Tenney, Japanese, Lulu, MC Paul Barman, Nerdcore, October, Palindromes (movie), Palindromic number, Palindromic phrases, Palindromic words, Peter Norvig, Poodle Hat, Sator Arepo Tenet Opera Rotas, Sigur Rós, Steve Reich, Subterranean Homesick Blues, They Might be Giants, URLs, alphabet, ambigram, anagram, arch form, astrophysical-biological, axiological, bacterial, band, biocentric, canon, cell, classical music, constrained writing, context-free, crab canon, downloaded, ecofeminism, ecology, entropize, environmental, ethics, evolution, genetic, genomes, hairpin, hiragana, holorhyme, kaibun, language, nucleotides, number, palindromic number, pangram, philosophy, proteins, psi, pushdown automaton, rapper, regular, see separate article, semordnilap, set, syllabary, tartrates, transcription (linguistics), website, word games, word play, word square, Ágætis byrjun
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Types of palindrome", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
