October 1: Encyclopedia - October 1

October 1

October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in Leap years). There are 91 days remaining.

October 1 - Events

• 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
• 959 - Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England.
• 965 - John XIII becomes Pope.
• 1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Viet Nam.
• 1791 - First session of the French Legislative Assembly.
• 1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.
• 1800 - Spain cedes Louisiana to France via the Treaty of San Ildefonso.
• 1811 - The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans, Louisiana.
• 1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon the previous spring.
• 1829 - South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to become the University of Cape Town.
• 1843 - News of the World began publication in London.
• 1847 - German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
• 1854 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
• 1869 - Austria issues the world's first postcards.
• 1880 - John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Corps Band.
• 1880 - First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison.
• 1885 - United States begins special-delivery mail service.
• 1886 - The U.S. mint in Carson City, Nevada, closes.
• 1887 - Baluchistan conquered by the British Empire.
• 1890 - The Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.
• 1891 - In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
• 1898 - Czar Nicholas II expels Jews from major Russian cities.
• 1898 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
• 1903 - Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
• 1905 - The worker František Pavlík gets killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition named 1. X. 1905. (PS: this date might be Julian calendar, to be checked)
• 1908 - Ford introduces the Model T car.
• 1910 - A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
• 1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (aka "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
• 1928 - The Soviet Union introduces its first Five-Year Plan.
• 1931 - The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
• 1931 - The original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is opened in New York.
• 1936 - Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
• 1938 - Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
• 1940 - The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
• 1943 - World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.
• 1946 - Nazi leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
• 1949 - The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
• 1949 - First rectangular television tubes manufactured by Kimble Glass.
• 1957 - First appearance of "In God We Trust" on U.S. paper currency.
• 1958 - NASA created to replace NACA.
• 1960 - Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1961 - East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon.
• 1961 - Baseball: Roger Maris sets new record for most home runs in a single season with 61, surpassing Babe Ruth's previous mark of 60.
• 1963 - California State Board of Education created.
• 1964 - The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
• 1964 - Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
• 1965 - General Suharto crushes an attempted coup in Indonesia.
• 1968 - The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
• 1969 - The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
• 1971 - Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida, United States.
• 1974 - The Watergate trial begins
• 1975 - The Seychelles gain internal self-government.
• 1975 - The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
• 1975 - Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
• 1977 - Brazilian soccer star Pelé retires.
• 1978 - The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
• 1979 - The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
• 1979 - Activision founded
• 1982 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
• 1982 - EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World in Florida, United States.
• 1983 - The Horizons pavilion opens at EPCOT Center on the first anniversary of the park.
• 1985 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
• 1988 - Mikhail Gorbachev is named head of the Supreme Soviet.
• 1993 - Polly Klaas is kidnapped by Richard Allen Davis during a slumber party at her Petaluma, California, home; Davis will be sentenced to death for her murdering Klaas.
• 1998 - ICANN assumes responsibility for selling top-level domain names for the Internet.
• 2004 - Baseball: Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki makes his 258th hit of the season, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old single-season record.
• 2005 - Another bombing happens in Bali, almost three years to the anniversary of a similar event which occurred in 2002.

October 1 - Fictional Events

• 1998 - Raccoon City was destroyed by a nuclear device(possibly a neutron bomb).

October 1 - Births

• 1207 - King Henry III of England (d. 1272)
• 1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark (d. 1533)
• 1507 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
• 1540 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss protestant clergyman (d. 1617)
• 1620 - Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
• 1644 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
• 1671 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1685 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• 1691 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
• 1730 - Richard Stockton, American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781)
• 1760 - William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
• 1771 - Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842)
• 1791 - Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
• 1865 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
• 1881 - William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
• 1885 - Louis Untermeyer, American author (d. 1977)
• 1878 - Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950)
• 1887 - Violet Jessop, Titanic survivor (d. 1971)
• 1890 - Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982)
• 1896 - Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan, (d. 1951)
• 1896 - Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937)
• 1899 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
• 1900 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
• 1903 - Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1989)
• 1904 - Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979)
• 1904 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1977)
• 1909 - Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (d. 1998)
• 1910 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (d. 1934)
• 1914 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
• 1920 - Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1921 - James Whitmore, American actor
• 1924 - Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1924 - William Rehnquist, former Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Bob Boyd, baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1926 - Roger Williams, American pianist
• 1927 - Tom Bosley, American actor
• 1928 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973)
• 1928 - George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1930 - Sir Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)
• 1931 - Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer
• 1932 - Albert Collins, blues guitarist (d.1993)
• 1935 - Julie Andrews, British actress and singer
• 1936 - Stella Stevens, American actress
• 1939 - George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
• 1942 - Frank Gardner, Australian formula one driver
• 1945 - Rod Carew, Panamanian Major League Baseball player
• 1945 - Spider Sabich, American skiier (d. 1976)
• 1947 - Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• 1947 - Stephen Collins, American actor
• 1948 - Cub Koda, American singer (d. 2000)
• 1949 - Isaac Bonewits, American author
• 1950 - Randy Quaid, American actor
• 1954 - Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer
• 1956 - Theresa May, British politician
• 1962 - Esai Morales, American actor
• 1963 - Mark McGwire, baseball player
• 1964 - Harry Hill, British comedian
• 1964 - Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
• 1965 - Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
• 1966 - George Weah, Liberian politician and football player
• 1968 - Jon Guenther, American author
• 1979 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
• 1985 - Dizzee Rascal, British musician

October 1 - Deaths

• 1040 - Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)
• 1310 - Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
• 1404 - Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356)
• 1499 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
• 1500 - John Alcock, English Catholic bishop
• 1567 - Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
• 1570 - Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)
• 1574 - Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen, Dutch painter (b. [1498]])
• 1578 - Don John of Austria, military leader (b. 1547)
• 1609 - Giammateo Asola, Italian composer
• 1684 - Pierre Corneille, French author (b. 1606)
• 1693 - Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
• 1708 - John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
• 1768 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687)
• 1864 - Rose Greenhow, American Confederate spy (b. 1817)
• 1876 - James Lick, California land baron (b. 1796)
• 1901 - Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir
• 1929 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
• 1955 - Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
• 1985 - E. B. White, American author (b. 1899)
• 1988 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (b. 1897)
• 1992 - Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947)
• 1997 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (b. 1923)
• 2002 - Walter Annenberg, publisher and philanthropist
• 2004 - Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (b. 1946)

October 1 - Holidays and observances

• RC Church - Feast days of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux; formerly of Saint Bavo and Saint Remigius

Also see October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• People's Republic of China - National Day (1949)
• Republic of Cyprus - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• Nigeria - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
• San Marino - two Captains Regent, elected by parliament, take office for six months.
• Tuvalu - Independence Day (from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 1975)
• World Vegetarian Day

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "October 1", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki