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Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict | | Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict | | As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel. They were granted full control over the refugee camps, but soon much of southern Lebanon fell under the PLO's effective rule. As fighters poured in from Jordan after the Black September destruction of the PLO's apparatus there, the PLO's presence became overbearing to many of inhabitants of these areas. The radical factions operated as a law unto themselves, and quickly alienated conservative Shi'a villag ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions | | | Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis | | |
| | | Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict
Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict
As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel. They were granted full control over the refugee camps, but soon much of southern Lebanon fell under the PLO's effective rule. As fighters poured in from Jordan after the Black September destruction of the PLO's apparatus there, the PLO's presence became overbearing to many of inhabitants of these areas. The radical factions operated as a law unto themselves, and quickly alienated conservative Shi'a villagers. Much the same way that the PLO had lost its welcome in Jordan, Muslim support for the Palestinians began to erode in Lebanon. The Christians were already lost.
A significant left-wing opposition also started to evolve within Fatah, as radical veteran fighters from Jordan began pouring into its ranks, to the worry of not least Arafat himself. Still, Arafat set about building a "state-within-the-state" in southern Lebanon, to create a secure base area for the PLO, headquartered in the Bekaa Valley and West Beirut. Gradually the Lebanese authorities were being pushed into irrelevancy. Harsh Israeli retribution after Palestinian raids from what was now termed "Fatahland" did nothing to endear the civilian Shi'a and Christian population to the Palestinian guerrillas.
The PLO was welcomed, however, by the Sunnis - who thought of them as a natural ally in sectarian terms - and by the Druze. A personal friendship developed between Arafat and the charismatic Druze leader Kamal Jumblatt, who not only headed the PSP, but who had also set up a Lebanese National Movement (LNM) to finally redress the wrongs of the sectarian quota system. Many of the Rejectionist Front organizations joined the leftist LNM straightway, and indeed portions of the Fatah left followed. But Arafat was unwilling to commit the Palestinians to what he regarded as an intra-Lebanese conflict, fearing it would bog the movement down in Lebanon and unnecessarily alienate potential supporters among the Christians and their foreign allies.
Other related archives11 March, 12 August, 12 September, 14 September, 15 February, 15 June, 16 September, 18 April, 19 September, 1948 war, 1969, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1980s, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1998, 20 September, 21 April, 21 July, 22 June, 22 November, 23 August, 23 October, 26 June, 27 June, 27 March, 3 April, 3 June, 5 June, 5 March, 6 June, 8 June, 9 May, ALF, Abu Musa, Abu Nidal, Abu Nidal Organization, Algeria, Amal Movement, Amine Gemayel, April 13, Arab, Arab Deterrent Force, Arab League, Arab Liberation Front, Arab nationalist, Arab socialist, Arab states, Arab world, Arafat, Ariel Sharon, August 20, Ba'thist, Bachir Gemayel, Bashir Gemayel, Beirut, Beirut International Airport, Bekaa Valley, Bekaa valley, Belgium, Black Saturday, Black September, British intelligence, Cairo Agreement, Chamoun, Chouf, Chouf District, Christian, Christians, Cold War, Communist, Communist Action Organization, Conference of San Remo, Damascus, Damour, Damour massacre, December 6, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Demographics of Lebanon, Druze, Egypt, Elias Hrawi, European, Extortion, Fascism, Fatah, France, Franjieh, French, French Mandate of Lebanon, Gemayels, General, Greater Syria, Greek Orthodox, Green Line, Guardians of the Cedars, Gulf War, Hafez al-Assad, Hafiz al-Assad, History of Lebanon, Hizbullah, Iran, Iran-Iraq War, Iranian, Iranian Revolution, Iraq, Iraqi, Islamism, Islamist, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Israeli, Israeli Army, Israeli intelligence, Israeli invasion, Italian, January 16, January 18, Jews, Jordan, July 24, Jumblatt family, June, June 1, June 6, Kahan Commission, Kamal Jumblatt, Karantina Massacre, Kataeb, Kataeb Party, Kuwait, LNM, League of Nations, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Army, Lebanese Communist Party, Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Front, Lebanese National Movement, Lebanese Renewal Party, Lebanese protest, Lebanon, Lebanon Crisis of 1958, Lebanon crisis of 1958, Libya, Libyan, Likud, Litani River, London, Mahmud Abbas, Major, Malcolm Kerr, Marada Brigades, Maronite, Maronite Christians, Maronites, Marxist-Leninist, May 17, May 17 Agreement, Menachem Begin, Michel Aoun, Middle East, Morocco, Moscow, Mount Lebanon, Mt. Lebanon, Multinational Force in Lebanon, Musa Sadr, Muslim, Muslim Brotherhood, Muslims, Nabih Berri, Nasserist, National Liberal Party, National Pact, November 4, October 13 Massacre, Operation Litani, Operation Peace for Galilee, Ottoman, Ottoman Empire, PFLP-GC, PLF, PLO, PSP, Palestine Liberation Organization, Palestinian, Palestinian Liberation Army, Palestinian Liberation Front, Palestinian Liberation Organization, Palestinian National Council, Pan-Arab, Paris, Parliamentary, Pasdaran, Phalange, Phalangist, Philip Habib, Pierre Gemayel, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command, Presidency, President, Prime Minister, Progressive Socialist Party, Quisling, Rafael Eitan, Rashid Karami, Reagan, Rejectionist Front, Rene Mouawad, Riyadh, Saad Haddad, Sabra, Sabra and Shatila massacre, Saddam Hussein, Samir Geagea, Saudi Arabia, Selim al-Hoss, Shafik Wazzan, Shebaa Farms, Shi'a, Shlomo Argov, Siege of Beirut, South Lebanon Army, Soviet Union, Suleiman Frangieh, Sunni, Sunnis, Syria, Syrian, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Ta'if, Taif Agreement, Tigers, Tripoli, U.S., U.S. Marines, UN, UN Interim Force in Lebanon, UN Security Council, USA, United Arab Republic, United States, Walid, Walid Jumblatt, War of the Camps, West Germany, White House, World War II, Yassir Arafat, Zahle, al-Murabitun, artillery, as-Sa'iqa, autonomy, bank, car bombing, cease-fire, cease-fires, census, checkpoints, civilians, colonial, confederation, customs, demographic trends, disappeared, far-left, fighter jets, guerrillas, hashish, helicopters, human rights, hundreds perished, independence, killed 27 Palestinian workers, land mines, mafia, massacre, militias, narcotics, nationalism, non-combatant, pan-Arab, positions it had held, refugee camps, revolutionary, roadblocks, rockets, secular, secularism, suicide attack at the U.S. Embassy in West Beirut, superpower, theft, two-state solution
 Adapted from the Wikipedia article "The PLO and regional conflict", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki |
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