Israeli Engineering Corps: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Engineering Corps - History

Israeli Engineering Corps - History

The Israeli Engineering Corps ( IEC חה"ן ) are based upon the sabotage unit of the Palmach and the tractors operators units of the Israeli War of Independence. In the first years, the IEC drew their soldiers mainly from Jews who served in the British Royal Engineers.

The IEC have record of great professional achievements and breaking-through decorations. The Engineering Corps' most famous operation is the breaching of the Suez Canal in Yom Kippur War.

Israeli Engineering Corps - In the Israeli wars

In the Israeli War of Independence, the IEC blasted bridges over the Jordan River and the streams of the southern Coastal plain in order to stop the advance of the Arab armored forces into the Israeli civilian rear. The IEC also helped in breaching the "Burma Road" into the sieged Jerusalem.

In the 1956 Sinai war the IEC destroyed the Egyptian military infrastructure in the Sinai Peninsula and were awarded with a battalion recommendation of honor (TZALASH).

In the 1967 Six Day War the IEC stormed the Jordanian fortification the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. After the Israeli annexed the entire Old City, the IEC removed landmines planted in the city by the Jordanians. This was the first war in which Caterpillar D9 bulldozers were employed by the IEC.

After the war, the IEC helped to build a fortification line of defense along the Suez Canal and was awarded with Israel Prize for security. The Israeli Engineering Corps was the first corps to ever win such an award.

In the 1973 Yom Kippur War the IEC battalions attached to Ariel Sharon's armored Brigade breached the Suez Canal and built bridges over it in "Operation Knights of Heart" while carrying tanks and paratroopers accros the canal with Gillois amphibious tank-carriers. This effort enabled Sharon and Avraam Eden "Bern" armored divisions to pass the canal and surround the 3rd Egyptian Army, forcing it to surrender. The bridging of the canal is regarded by many as the turning point of the war in the southern front. On the northern front, an IEC Caterpillar D9 bulldozer was the first ever motorized vehicle to reach the peak of the Hermon.

In the 1982 Operation Peace for Galilee the IEC worked intensively to breach ways and open routes to Israeli forcing, including the disarming of many landmines and IEDs. They were also responsible for building fortifications and outposts.

In the 1991 Gulf War, the NBC purifiers of the IEC were on a "code red" alert for disarming Iraqi Scud missiles, armed with non-conventional warheads.

Israeli Engineering Corps - The October 2000 Lebanon abduction

On October 7, 2000 three Israeli combat engineering soldiers were kidnapped by Hezbollah on Shebaa Farms, a territory in Southern Lebanon occupied by Israel for security reasons and claimed by Lebanon. The soldiers, Beni Avraham, Adi Avitan and Omar Sawaed, suffered fatal injuries during their abduction. Their bodies were retrieved in 2004 at a prisoner swap deal with Hezbollah.

A series of accusations was made against the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) for having cooperated with the abduction by press and partisan web sites. Those accusations stem from a video, whose existence was originally denied by U.N. officials, recorded by Indian peacekeepers one day after the abduction. The video, which the U.N. agreed to provide to Israeli officials in June 2001 with civilian faces blurred, showed abandoned vehicles with fake U.N. license plates and uniforms, and Hezbollah supporters intercepting U.N. efforts to retrieve the vehicles. A U.N. investigation also found no evidence to support accusations of peacekeepers involvement in the abduction. [1] Although the bereaved families met with Kofi Annan, they refused to accept the UN version. On September 2004, the bereaved families announced their intention to sue the UN, Hezbollah, Iran, Syria and Lebanon for their parts in the abduction. [2]

Israeli Engineering Corps - The al-Aqsa Intifada

During the al-Aqsa Intifada which erupted in September 2000, the IEC were employed vastly. The EOD squad had to disarm many Palestinian IED explosive charges and booby traps. In many cases, the IEC also detonated explosive belts captured on Palestinian suicide bombers. The IEC also dynamited Palestinian houses, bomb labs and smuggling tunnels.

However, the IEC were most known for operating the armored IDF Caterpillar D9 bulldozers, which are cited by many Israelis as a key factor in keeping IDF casualties low and successfully fighting terrorism. On the other side, for Palestinians, the bulldozers became a nightmare, as they bulldozed many Palestinian buildings and shrubbery, and were almost impervious to Palestinian attacks. The IEC bulldozers' operators unit received an honor of recommendation for its activity in Jenin during Operation Defensive Shield.

Bulldozers were also massively employed in Rafah to counter terrorist smuggling tunnels. Human Rights Watch published a report criticizing the extensive destruction of Palestinian houses in the southern Gaza strip, and said it was unlawful, claiming that Israel uses the Palestinian smuggling tunnels as a pretext to create a "buffer zone" along the Gaza-Egypt border. In Rafah, the IEC formed a special unit, designated for searching and destroying smuggling tunnels. They also received an honor of recommendation, for their conduct.

For further discussions see: al-Aqsa Intifada, Caterpillar D9, Operation Defensive Shield, Operation Rainbow, Jenin.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article "History", under the G.N U Free Docmentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki